Background: Umbilical cord blood - Stem cell CD34 are attracted to study and apply to cure many serious diseases. But the quantity of the cell is small, so it only used to children. Therefore, studying to find out the high effect collected process is necessary. Objective: studying to find out the high effect process of collecting hematopoietic stem cell from umbilical cord blood. Subjects and methods: the study included 112 umbilical cord blood specimens collected from healthy mother delivering at National Hospital of Obstetric and Gynecology.Results: The condition of the mother was healthy, with no risk factors of infection or genetic disease. The average age of mothers was 28 \xb1 5 years old, average weight: 63 \xb1 5 kg. Age of fetus was from 39-41 weeks, average weight: \ufffd?3000g. Collection technique: cutting the umbilical cord after delivery 6-10 seconds, cutting the umbilical cord far from neonatal 6 cm, blood collection continued after the collection of placenta, all processes must be implemented rapidly in the 4 -5 minutes in aseptic condition. With the above process it can be obtained with high effect blood: volume was 90 - 120ml (48%). CD34 cell count: 1.6 \xb1 0.3x106, the number of eukaryotic cells: 13.53 \xb1 1.7x108/unit of the umbilical cord. Conclusions: The process can take the large volume of umbilical cord blood, which can be used for children and low weight adult. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'
Fetal Blood

OBJECTIVE: We have developed a prototype Personal Health Record (PHR) system that can replace traditional paper-based personal health diary with structured clinical details for healthcare. Because numerous disparate electronic versions of medical record systems are found unable to share medical information among hospitals, pharmacies and clinicians, the proposed PHR system can be used to facilitate patient care. METHODS: The PHR system has been implemented on a flash memory (USB drive) that is found to be compact, light weight, cost-effective and sufficient enough to handle a large amount of clinical data. International communication standard HL7 has recommended Continuity of Care Document (CCD) that can provide complete and accurate summary of an individual health and medical history. Care documents stored in USB can also support alerts, reminders, self-management, and stakeholder communication in a standardized manner. RESULTS: The proposed PHR system consists of modules that help collect distributed patient information from multiple sources to generate individual care document (CCD) as personal health record. The preliminary experiment has demonstrated an acceptable performance. That is, the PHR is found to integrate and share various clinical data such as medications, procedures, patient demographics from admission system, test results from LIS, DICOM images from PACS, bio.signals from patient monitors. Especially, the PHR system was tested by connecting to standardized monitoring device (Mediana device) to collect ECG data. The PHR system had received 3410 HL7 messages for 1 hour, then generate CCD document.
Continuity of Patient Care ; Delivery of Health Care ; Demography ; Electrocardiography ; Electronics ; Electrons ; Health Records, Personal ; Humans ; Light ; Medical Records ; Memory ; Patient Care ; Pharmacies ; Self Care

Background: Investment to meet the man power requirements are recognized as urgent; especially to efficiently implement the National Strategy of Preventive Medicine. To strengthen the capability of provincial preventive medicine centers, the Ministry of Health has approved Decision No 05/2006QD-BYT for functions, tasks, authorization and organizational structure of Provincial Preventive Medicine Centers (PPMCs). Objectives: The study was conducted to evaluate the manpower and organization structure of northern PPMCs and provide recommendations for policy makers. Subjects and method: Using the cross-sectional descriptive method, the study covered the preventive medicine centers of 29 northern provinces between Jan to Jun 2007. The information was collected by interviews and self-reported questionnaires. Results:23/29 PPMCs have not met the criteria of man power stated in the Circular 08/2007/TTLB-BYT-BNV. Only 9/29 PPMCs were well organized in accordance with Decision 05/2006/QD-BYT of the Ministry of Health. The average number of staffs in PPMCs was 50+15. Medical staffs accounted for 53%, out of which 21.1% had postgraduate degrees; 32.2% had graduate degrees and 23.3% had been trained in preventive care. Conclusion: To meet the requirements provided by the Decision No05/2006QD-BYT, the man power and training for staffs in PPMCs should be improved and strengthened.
Man power ; Preventive medicine.

OBJECTIVE: The International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) was designed to provide a common language by describing the function and disability of clients for health care professionals. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) in nursing and investigate its applicability in fall risk assessment. METHODS: The Fall risk assessment system using the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) is based on the Downton fall risk assessment tool which is most commonly used to assess the risk of falls across populations in any health care setting. To develop system, we used NetBeans 5.0 within JAVA SE Development Kit 1.4.2 (JDK 1.4.2) and Microsoft Access 2003 database was used for the information storage. RESULT: The International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) items can cover all items of the Downton fall risk assessment tool except for medication because there is no medication related items in the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF). We mapped patient's sensory deficit, mental state, and gait state in the Downton fall risk assessment with sensory function & pain, mental function, and mobility in the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) respectively. We also adapted the qualifier to measure the degree of impairment of patients in terms of performance and capacity. CONCLUSION: Using the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF), nurses can assess functional and environmental factors of fall risk in more detail. This study proved the applicability of the International Classification of the Function, Disability and Health (ICF) in the nursing practice. Using the system we developed, nurses can better communicate with other healthcare specialists in the area of fall risk. We suggest further studies that are applying the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) in other areas of the nursing practice to more clearly describe the status of patients.
Delivery of Health Care ; Gait ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Nursing Assessment ; Risk Assessment ; Sensation ; Specialization

Coronaviruses have caused serious Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks, and only remdesivir has been recently indicated for the treatment of COVID-19. In the line of therapeutic options for SARS and MERS, this study aims to summarize the current clinical evidence of treatment options for COVID-19. In general, the combination of antibiotics, ribavirin, and corticosteroids was considered as a standard treatment for patients with SARS. The addition of this conventional treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir, interferon, and convalescent plasma showed potential clinical improvement. For patients with MERS, ribavirin, lopinavir/ritonavir, interferon, and convalescent plasma were continuously recommended. However, a high-dose of corticosteroid was suggested for severe cases only.The use of lopinavir/ritonavir and convalescent plasma was commonly reported. There was limited evidence for the effect of corticosteroids, other antiviral drugs like ribavirin, and favipiravir. Monoclonal antibody of tocilizumab and antimalarial agents of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine were also introduced. Among antibiotics for infection therapy, azithromycin was suggested. In conclusion, this study showed the up-to-date evidence of treatment options for COVID-19 that is helpful for the therapy selection and the development of further guidelines and recommendations. Updates of on-going clinical trials and observational studies may confirm the current findings.

Severe illness and poor outcome are mainly associated with aging or certain medical comorbidities, especially chronic diseases. However, factors for unfavorable prognosis have not been well described owing to relatively small sample sizes and single-center reports. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the contribution of comorbidities in the development of critical conditions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Pooled estimates of relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by conducting a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis of 18 studies. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was most strongly associated with the overall critical condition (RR = 4.22, 95% CI = 3.12 – 5.69), followed by cardiovascular disease (CVD) (RR = 3.00, 95% CI = 2.41 – 3.73), malignancy (RR = 2.91, 95% CI = 2.16 – 3.91), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (RR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.95 – 4.19), diabetes (RR = 2.10, 95% CI = 2.16 – 3.91), hypertension (RR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.82 – 2.23), and chronic kidney disease (RR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.36 – 2.94).The presence of comorbidities except for chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease significantly increased the risk of severe infection, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and cardiac injury in the subgroup analysis by types of critical conditions. Preexisting hypertension and diabetes additionally increased the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Among comorbidities, COPD had the highest probability of leading to severe COVID-19, ICU admission, and liver injury, while malignancy was most likely to cause ARDS and cardiac injury. In summary, preexisting COPD, CVD, CVA, hypertension, diabetes, and malignancy are more likely to worsen the progression of COVID-19, with severe infection, ICU admission requirement, and cardiac injury development.

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread worldwide rapidly and patients with cancer have been considered as a vulnerable group for this infection. This study aimed to examine the expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in tumor tissues of six common cancer types. Materials and Methods: The expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in tumors and control samples were obtained from online databases. Survival prognosis and biological functions of these genes were investigated for each tumor type. Results: There was the overexpression of ACE2 in colon and stomach adenocarcinomas compared to controls, meanwhile colon and prostate adenocarcinomas showed a significantly higher expression of TMPRSS2. Additionally, survival prognosis analysis has demonstrated that upregulation of ACE2 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with higher overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.65; p=0.016) and disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.66; p=0.007), while overexpression of TMPRSS2 was associated with a 26% reduced risk of death in lung adenocarcinoma (p=0.047) but 50% increased risk of death in breast invasive carcinoma (p=0.015). Conclusion There is a need to take extra precautions for COVID-19 in patients with colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer. Further information on other types of cancer at different stages should be investigated.

Severe illness and poor outcome are mainly associated with aging or certain medical comorbidities, especially chronic diseases. However, factors for unfavorable prognosis have not been well described owing to relatively small sample sizes and single-center reports. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the contribution of comorbidities in the development of critical conditions in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Pooled estimates of relative risks (RRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by conducting a meta-analysis and network meta-analysis of 18 studies. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was most strongly associated with the overall critical condition (RR = 4.22, 95% CI = 3.12 – 5.69), followed by cardiovascular disease (CVD) (RR = 3.00, 95% CI = 2.41 – 3.73), malignancy (RR = 2.91, 95% CI = 2.16 – 3.91), cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (RR = 2.86, 95% CI = 1.95 – 4.19), diabetes (RR = 2.10, 95% CI = 2.16 – 3.91), hypertension (RR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.82 – 2.23), and chronic kidney disease (RR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.36 – 2.94).The presence of comorbidities except for chronic liver disease and chronic kidney disease significantly increased the risk of severe infection, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and cardiac injury in the subgroup analysis by types of critical conditions. Preexisting hypertension and diabetes additionally increased the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Among comorbidities, COPD had the highest probability of leading to severe COVID-19, ICU admission, and liver injury, while malignancy was most likely to cause ARDS and cardiac injury. In summary, preexisting COPD, CVD, CVA, hypertension, diabetes, and malignancy are more likely to worsen the progression of COVID-19, with severe infection, ICU admission requirement, and cardiac injury development.

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread worldwide rapidly and patients with cancer have been considered as a vulnerable group for this infection. This study aimed to examine the expressions of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in tumor tissues of six common cancer types. Materials and Methods: The expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in tumors and control samples were obtained from online databases. Survival prognosis and biological functions of these genes were investigated for each tumor type. Results: There was the overexpression of ACE2 in colon and stomach adenocarcinomas compared to controls, meanwhile colon and prostate adenocarcinomas showed a significantly higher expression of TMPRSS2. Additionally, survival prognosis analysis has demonstrated that upregulation of ACE2 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma was associated with higher overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.65; p=0.016) and disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.66; p=0.007), while overexpression of TMPRSS2 was associated with a 26% reduced risk of death in lung adenocarcinoma (p=0.047) but 50% increased risk of death in breast invasive carcinoma (p=0.015). Conclusion There is a need to take extra precautions for COVID-19 in patients with colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, and lung cancer. Further information on other types of cancer at different stages should be investigated.

OBJECTIVES: Reference values are highly required parameters for all tests in the clinical laboratory, and the supplementary provision of reliable reference intervals is an important task for both clinical laboratories and diagnostic test manufacturers. Despite the progress that has been made in the conceptual aspects of reference intervals, in practice their use is still not completely satisfactory. Most of the laboratories have used various methods to calculate statistic-based reference intervals, and they have mainly focused on extracted data, yet its use is considerably limited. We had to deal with the inconvenience of using a number of programs (SPSS or SAS, MS Excel) in order to calculate the results of reference intervals. METHODS: In order to obtain standardized reference intervals, we developed an integrated program that can calculate, by a nonparametric method, reference intervals with using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) processes as its guideline. We also developed a grouping interface that enables users to customize classification of each group (age, gender, blood group, race, etc) when calculating reference intervals. RESULTS: To verify the developed program, we compared the reference intervals of the current data on 281 persons for 8 total areas, and the reference intervals were was already calculated beforehand with by using this new program. As a result, both results perfectly matched. CONCLUSIONS: This integrated program will be convenience for calculating reasonable values through continual datainspection at an inspection lab for calculating reference intervals. The newly developed program will improve the consistency and reliability of the statistics on reference intervals.
Continental Population Groups ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Phenothiazines ; Pyridines ; Reference Values ; Thiazoles