This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of inflammatory response in diabetic nephropathy(DN) based on network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) of oral Chinese patent medicines for improving inflammatory response in patients with DN was retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, Web of Science, and other databases from database inception to October 2022. All investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality. Stata 16.0 software and RevMan 5.4.1 were used to analyze the data of the literature that met the quality standards. Finally, 53 RCTs were included, involving 6 Chinese patent medicines. The total sample size was 4 891 cases, including 2 449 cases in the test group and 2 442 cases in the control group. The network Meta-analysis showed that(1) in terms of reducing TNF-α, the top 3 optimal interventions according to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) were Shenshuaining Capsules/Granules/Tablets + conventional western medicine, Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine, and Niaoduqing Granules + conventional western medicine.(2) In terms of reducing hs-CRP, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Bailing Capsules + conventional western medicine, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets + conventional western medicine, and Shenshuaining Capsules/Granules/Tablets + conventional western medicine.(3) In terms of reducing IL-6, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Bailing Capsules + conventional western medicine, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets + conventional western medicine, and Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine.(4) In terms of reducing UAER, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Shenshuaining Capsules/Granules/Tablets + conventional western medicine, Huangkui Capsules + conventional western medicine, and Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine.(5) In terms of reducing Scr, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine, Niaoduqing Granules + conventional wes-tern medicine, and Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets + conventional western medicine.(6) In terms of reducing BUN, the first 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Niaoduqing Granules + conventional western medicine, Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets + conventional western medicine, and Huangkui Capsules + conventional western medicine.(7) In terms of improving the clinical total effective rate, the first 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Jinshuibao Capsules + conventional western medicine, Niaoduqing Granu-les + conventional western medicine, and Huangkui Capsules + conventional western medicine. The results showed that the combination of western medicine and Chinese patent medicine could reduce the expression of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, hs-CRP, and IL-6 and inhibit the inflammatory response. The combination of western medicine and Chinese patent medicine was superior to western medicine alone in reducing Scr, BUN, and UAER, and improving the total effective rate of treatment. Due to the limitation of the quantity and quality of literature included, the above conclusions need to be validated by more high-quality studies.
Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Network Meta-Analysis ; Nonprescription Drugs ; Diabetic Nephropathies/drug therapy* ; C-Reactive Protein ; Capsules ; Interleukin-6 ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Glycosides ; Tablets ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy*

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of inflammatory response in chronic glomerulonephritis(CGN) based on network Meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trial(RCT) of oral Chinese patent medicines for improving inflammatory response in patients with CGN was retrieved from databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMbase, and Web of Science from database inception to March 2023. All investigators independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the quality. Stata 16.0 and RevMan 5.4.1 software were used to analyze the data of the literature that met the quality standards. Finally, 71 RCTs were included, involving 7 Chinese patent medicines. The total sample size was 6 880 cases, including 3 441 cases in the test group and 3 439 cases in the control group. The network Meta-analysis showed that(1) in terms of reducing TNF-α, the top 3 optimal interventions according to the surface under the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) were Shenyanshu Capsules/Granules/Tablets+conventional western medicine, Huangkui Capsules+conventional western medicine, and Bailing Capsules+conventional western medicine.(2) In terms of reducing hs-CRP, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Yishen Huashi Granules+conventional western medicine, Huangkui Capsules+conventional wes-tern medicine, and Bailing Capsules+conventional western medicine.(3) In terms of reducing IL-6, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Yishen Huashi Granules+conventional western medicine, Bailing Capsules+conventional western medicine, and Shenyan Kangfu Tablets+conventional western medicine.(4) In terms of reducing 24hUTP, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Shenyan Kangfu Tablets+conventional western medicine, Bailing Capsules+conventional western medicine, and Huangkui Capsules+conventional western medicine.(5) In terms of reducing Scr, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Bailing Capsules+conventional western medicine, Shenyanshu Capsules/Granules/Tablets+conventional western medicine, and Yishen Huashi Granules+conventional western medicine.(6) In terms of reducing BUN, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Yishen Huashi Granules+conventional western medicine, Shenyanshu Capsules/Granules/Tablets+conventional western medicine, and Bailing Capsules+conventional western medicine.(7) In terms of improving the clinical total effective rate, the top 3 optimal interventions according to SUCRA were Huangkui Capsules+conventional western medicine, Kunxian Capsules+conventional western medicine, and Yishen Huashi Granules+conventional western medicine. The results showed that the combination of conventional western medicine and Chinese patent medicine could reduce the expression of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, hs-CRP, and IL-6 and inhibit the inflammatory response. The combination of conventional western medicine and Chinese patent medicine was superior to conventional western medicine alone in reducing Scr, BUN, and 24hUTP, and improving the clinical total effective rate of treatment. Due to the limitation of the quantity and quality of literature included, the above conclusions need to be validated by more high-quality studies.
Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Network Meta-Analysis ; Nonprescription Drugs ; C-Reactive Protein ; Interleukin-6 ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Glomerulonephritis/drug therapy*

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture on cancer-related fatigue (CRF) and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with CRF were randomized into an observation group and a control group, and finally 67 patients completed the trial (36 patients in the observation group, 31 patients in the control group). Patients in the control group were treated with conventional chemoradiotherapy and symptomatic treatment, while no particular anti-fatigue intervention was adopted. On the basis of treatment in the control group, acupuncture was applied at Baihui (GV 20), Guanyuan (CV 4), Qihai (CV 6), Fengchi (GB 20), Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) in the observation group, once a day, 5 times as one course, with 2 days interval between each course, totally 4 courses were required. Before and after treatment, scores of functional assessment of cancer therapy-fatigue (FACT-F) in Chinese and McGill quality of life questionnaire (MQOL), serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and soluble TNF receptor-1 (sTNF-R1) were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: ①Compared before treatment, the FACT-F score was decreased after treatment in the observation group (<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the control group (<0.05). The change of the FACT-F score in the observation group was larger than that in the control group (<0.05). ②In the observation group, scores of physiological and psychological dimension were decreased (<0.05), score of social support dimension was increased after the treatment (<0.05). The score changes of physiological, psychological and social support dimension in the observation group were larger than those in the control group (all <0.05). ③After treatment, the serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α and sTNF-R1 were decreased in the observation group (<0.05), while the serum levels of CPR and IL-6 were increased in the control group (<0.05). The serum levels of CPR, IL-6 and TNF-α in the observation were lower than those in the control group (<0.05). CONCLUSION ①Acupuncture can improve the related symptoms of depression, weakness and headache in patients with CRF, strengthen their cognition of the support from society and family, and boost the confidence in curing the disease. ②Acupuncture can effectively down-regulate serum levels of the relative inflammatory factors, which may be its possible mechanism on treating CRF.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Biomarkers ; blood ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Fatigue ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Neoplasms ; complications ; therapy ; Quality of Life ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

OBJECTIVE: A strain of Aspergillus niger (A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of ferulic acid released from wheat bran by this A. niger strain (FA-WB) were evaluated. METHODS: Molecular identification techniques based on PCR analysis of specific genomic sequences were conducted; antioxidant ability was examined using oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assays, and erythrocyte hemolysis assays. RAW264.7 cells were used as a model to detect anti-inflammatory activity. RESULTS: The filamentous fungal isolate was identified to be A. niger. ORAC and CAA assay showed that FA-WB had better antioxidant activity than that of the ferulic acid standard. The erythrocyte hemolysis assay results suggested that FA-WB could attenuate AAPH-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of reactive oxy gen species (ROS) generation. FA-WB could significantly restore the AAPH-induced increase in intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities to normal levels as well as inhibit the intracellular malondialdehyde formation. TNF-a, IL-6, and NO levels indicated that FA-WB can inhibit the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CONCLUSION Ferulic acid released from wheat bran by a new strain of A. niger had good anti-inflammatory activity and better antioxidant ability than standard ferulic acid.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Aspergillus niger ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Coumaric Acids ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; DNA, Fungal ; analysis ; Dietary Fiber ; microbiology ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; Mice ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Sheep ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the vascular damage effects and possible mechanism of acute exposure to ozone (O) in male Wistar rats. METHODS: One hundred and twenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups, 20 in each group. The experimental animals were placed in a gas poisoning cabinet, the control group was exposed to filtered air, and the treatment group was exposed to ozone at concentrations of 0.12 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm, 2.0 ppm, and 4.0 ppm, respectively, for 4 hours. Arterial blood pressure data were obtained by PC-lab medical physiological signal acquisition system. Blood rheology indicators and blood biochemical indicators were detected by Tianjin Dean Diagnostic Laboratory. Serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), homocysteine (HCY), von Willebrand factor (vWF), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OhdG), interleukin (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) microplate assay. Oxidative stress indicators superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined by xanthine oxidase method, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method, reduced glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO) were tested by using microplate colorimetry. Paraffin sections were prepared from thoracic aorta tissue, and vascular structure was observed by HE staining. RESULTS: Acute exposure to 0.12 ppm ozone could cause a significant increase in arterial systolic blood pressure (SBP). Exposure to different concentrations of ozone could cause a significant increase in plasma viscosity, and the K value of the ESR equation was significantly increased in the 1.0 ppm ozone exposure group. Both the relative and reduced viscosities were significantly reduced at ozone concentrations of 0.5 ppm and 4.0 ppm, while the red blood cell deformation index was increased significantly at ozone concentrations of 0.12 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1.0 ppm, and 2.0 ppm. Acute ozone exposure resulted in the decrease of total cholesterol content. The content of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was significantly reduced in the 0.12 ppm ozone exposure group. When the ozone concentration was higher than 1.0 ppm, the body may also had an inflammatory reaction (increased TNF-α) and oxidative stress (increased MDA, decreased GSH). Acute exposure to ozone could lead to elevated levels of ET-1 in the blood, with significant differences in the 4.0 ppm concentration group, while HCY levels were decreased firstly and then increased, reaching the highest in the 1.0 ppm concentration group. No obvious pathological changes were observed in the thoracic aorta. CONCLUSION Acute ozone exposure can affect arterial blood pressure, blood rheology and cholesterol metabolism in rats. The possible mechanism is that ozone exposure leads to inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress reaction, causing vascular endothelial function damage, and vascular endothelial cells increase with ozone exposure concentration.
Animals ; Blood Vessels ; injuries ; Deoxyguanosine ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Endothelin-1 ; blood ; Homocysteine ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; analysis ; Oxidative Stress ; Ozone ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Superoxide Dismutase ; analysis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood ; von Willebrand Factor ; analysis

Chronic gastritis is a kind of chronic gastric mucosal inflammation caused by many factors.Intestinal metaplasia refers to the transformation of gastric mucosal epithelial cells into small/large intestinal mucosal epithelium containing Panette or goblet cells.Chronic gastritis has the highest incidence among stomach diseases,while intestinal metaplasia is the serious manifestation of chronic gastritis.In this experiment,the therapeutic effect of modified Zhengqi Powder on mild intestinal metaplasia in chronic gastritis and on patients' quality of life and inflammatory reaction was investigated to analyze the efficacy and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine prescription.From April 2016 to April 2017,120 patients of chronic gastritis with mild intestinal metaplasia were selected and divided into two groups according to the envelope method.The control group(60 cases) was treated with famoxetine.After one month of continuous treatment,the total effective rate of treatment in the observation group was 93.3%,which was much higher than 80.0% in the control group.Health questionnaire(SF-36),serum C-reactive protein(CRP),interleukin-8(IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).The results showed that modified Zhengqi Powder has a significant efficacy in treat chronic gastritis with mild intestinal metaplasia,and can obviously alleviate clinical symptoms and intestinal metaplasia,remove inflammatory factors and improve the quality of life of patients,and is worth promotion.
C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Gastric Mucosa ; drug effects ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Metaplasia ; drug therapy ; Quality of Life ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

This study aims to compare the internal chemical composition and appearance indifferent growth patterns and years of Saposhnikovia divaricata decoction pieces,which was applied to explore the effect of growth patterns and years on its quality. The appearance characteristic data of 55 batches of different growth patterns and years of S. divaricata were collected using PANTONE color card.High performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) was used to determine the contents of prim-O-glucosyl-cinmifugin,cimifugin,4-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol. The content of alcohol soluble extract and water-soluble extract were determined by hot-dip method. The content of volatile oil was determined by steam distillation. The correlation between growth patterns and years and the contents of 4 chromones,extracts and volatile oil were analyzed by modern statistical methods. Also,the method of comprehensively evaluating the quality of Chinese herbal pieces was developed by combining the growth patterns and years,appearance and chemical indexes. MTT assay was used to evaluate the effects on the survival rate of RAW264. 7 cells at four different concentrations of chromones and LPS was used to stimulate well-growing RAW264. 7 cells to establish an inflammatory model. The contents of NO and TNF-α in cell supernatant were detected by NO test kit and ELISA method. The contents of alcohol soluble extracts and water-soluble extracts in different growth patterns and years are: wild productsperennial cultivation>annual cultivation; the contents of four chromones are: wild products>perennial cultivation and annual cultivation. There was no significant difference between the sum of the two indexes in the Pharmacopoeia of perennial cultivation and wild products. 4 chromones showed no toxicity to RAW264. 7 cells at 5 mg·L-1. The release of NO and TNF-α was inhibited by 4 chromones and the anti-inflammatory effect of cimifugin was the best. In summary,there are obvious differences in appearance characteristics,internal quality and effects between different growth patterns and years. It showed that the wild products were superior to the perennial cultivation and the perennial cultivation was superior to the annual cultivation. In order to alleviate the shortage of wild S. divaricata resources,it is suggested that the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard should increase the character of decoction pieces of perennial cultivation,and properly raise the limit requirement of the sum of the two indexes in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia to ensure the clinical demands and effect.
Animals ; Apiaceae/growth & development* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards* ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism* ; Oils, Volatile/analysis* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) in acute ethanol-induced liver injury and its mechenism. METHODS: Twenty-one C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into three groups:control group, ethanol group, CQ + ethanol group (=7). Mice in ethanol group were administered 33% (v/v) ethanol at a dose of 4.5 g/kg body weight. Ethanol-induced liver steatosis in each group was detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Hepatic lipid accumulation was detected by staining with Oil red O. Hepatic tissue triglyceride (TG) levels, serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) were determined by biochemical assays. Protein expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) and nuclear factorκB p65(NF-κB p65) were measured by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)、interleukin 6(IL-6) were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: Compared with control group, ethanol induced liver injury proved by accumulation of hepatic lipids, TG levels, AST and ALT activities were significantly increased by ethanol, protein expression of LC3-Ⅱ was also markedly increased by ethanol. Compared with ethanol group, addition of CQ increased furtherthe level of LC3-Ⅱexpression, and TG amount, serum AST and ALT activities, and the expression of NF-κB p65, TNF-αand IL-6. CONCLUSIONS Acute ethanol-intake could induce liver steatosis and inflammation, and autophagy inhibitor CQ exacerbatedethanol-induced liver injury, suggested that autophagy might be protective effect in acute ethanol-induced liver disease.
Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Autophagy ; drug effects ; Chloroquine ; pharmacology ; Interleukin-6 ; analysis ; Liver ; drug effects ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Triglycerides ; analysis ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; analysis

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several epidemiological studies have validated the association of interleukin gene polymorphisms with acute pancreatitis (AP) in different populations. However, there have been few studies in Asian ethnic groups. We aimed to investigate the relationships between inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms and AP as pilot research in a Korean ethnic group. METHODS: Patients who had been diagnosed with AP were prospectively enrolled. DNA was extracted from whole blood, and DNA sequencing was subsequently performed. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the interleukin 1β (IL1B), interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFA) genes of patients with AP were compared to those of normal controls. RESULTS: Between January 2011 and January 2013, a total of 65 subjects were enrolled (40 patients with AP vs. 25 healthy controls). One intronic SNP (IL1RN −1129T>C, rs4251961) was significantly associated with the risk of AP (odds ratio, 0.304; 95% confidence interval, 0.095 to 0.967; p = 0.043). However, in our study, AP was not found to be associated with polymorphisms in the promoter regions of inflammatory cytokine genes, including IL1B (−118C>T, c47+242C>T, +3954C/T, and −598T>C) and TNFA (−1211T>C, −1043C>A, −1037C>T, −488G>A, and −418G>A). CONCLUSIONS: IL1RN −1129T>C (rs4251961) genotypes might be associated with a significant increase of AP risk in a Korean ethnic group.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; DNA ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Ethnic Groups* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukins ; Introns ; Pancreatitis* ; Polymorphism, Genetic* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Prospective Studies ; Receptors, Interleukin-1 ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Mycoplasma spp. are contagious bacteria, and mycoplasmal mastitis is a serious productivity problem on dairy farms. Bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) have an important role in the elimination of pathogens, but the effect of Mycoplasma bovis on bMECs has not been fully described. To elucidate the immune response against intramammary infection by M. bovis, we undertook microarray analysis to examine and profile mRNA expression in bMECs after stimulation with M. bovis. We also compared the effects of M. bovis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli on immune-related mRNA expression in bMECs. Transcriptome analysis indicated a significant decrease in the level of mRNA-encoding lysine-specific demethylase 4D, suggesting that the immune response is suppressed by a decrease in histone demethylase activity. Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, and TLR4 mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in bMECs stimulated with heat-killed M. bovis, but the expression levels were lower than those following stimulation by heat-killed S. aureus or E. coli. Our results suggest that M. bovis weakly affects mRNA expression in bMECs compared to the effects of E. coli or S. aureus. Moreover, live M. bovis may induce suppression of the immune response in bMECs.
Agriculture ; Bacteria ; Cytokines ; Efficiency ; Epithelial Cells ; Escherichia coli ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Histones ; Immunity, Innate ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukins ; Mastitis ; Microarray Analysis ; Mycoplasma bovis ; Mycoplasma ; RNA, Messenger ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha