Humans ; Lymphoma ; Tumor Microenvironment

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Tumor Microenvironment*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Tumor Microenvironment*

Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Leukemia ; Tumor Microenvironment

Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is one common type of bile tract cancers with poor prognosis. This review summarizes the recent development of studies about somatic mutation, molecular subtype, microenvironment heterogeneity, organoid, orthotopic model, patient-derived xenograft and clinical translation on GBC in aspects of genomic,transcriptome,single cell omics and clinical translation. We expect this review will provide new ideas on dissecting molecular mechanisms underlying the development and emerging chemoresistance of GBC following therapy and promote GBC precision medicine.
Humans ; Gallbladder Neoplasms/genetics* ; Prognosis ; Tumor Microenvironment

Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Prognosis ; Adenosine

Pancreatic cancer is one of the digestive system tumors with a high degree of malignancy,and most of the patients are diagnosed in advanced stages.Because of limited available therapies,the mortality of this disease remains high.Tumor-associated macrophages(TAM),the main immune cells in the tumor microenvironment,are involved in the regulation of the occurrence and development of pancreatic cancer.Specifically,TAM are involved in the proliferation,invasion,immune escape,and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer cells,demonstrating potential in the targeted therapy of pancreatic cancer.In this paper,we summarize the TAM-based therapies including consuming TAM,reprogramming TAM,dynamic imaging of TAM with nanoprobes,and regulating the phagocytic ability of TAM for pancreatic cancer,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for developing new therapies for pancreatic cancer.
Humans ; Tumor-Associated Macrophages ; Macrophages ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology* ; Tumor Microenvironment

Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in gastrointestinal tract. Its onset and development are associated with its own characteristics as well as the tumor microenvironment (TME) in which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells. After being recruited to the tumor site and stimulated by different signals in TME, TAMs can grow into two different subtypes, namely M1 and M2. TAMs are mainly manifested as M1 macrophages in the early stage of colorectal cancer, mediating the immune response to inhibit tumor growth. In the late stage, TAMs mainly grow into M2 macrophages, showing the ability to suppress immunity, stimulate the proliferation of tumor cells and tumor angiogenesis, and promote the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. It has been found that intervention in TAMs polarization can regulate its relationship with the onset and development of colorectal cancer.
Humans ; Tumor-Associated Macrophages ; Macrophages ; Tumor Microenvironment ; Colorectal Neoplasms

In recent years, progress in our understanding of immune-modulatory signaling pathways in immune cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) has led to rejuvenated interest in cancer immunotherapy. In particular, immunotherapy targeting the immune checkpoint receptors such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell-death 1 (PD-1), and programmed cell-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have demonstrated clinical activity in a wide variety of tumors, including gynecological cancers. This review will focus on the emerging clinical data on the therapeutic role of immune checkpoint inhibitors, and potential strategies to enhance the efficacy of this class of compounds, in the context of gynecological cancers. It is anticipated that future biomarker-directed clinical trials will provide further insights into the mechanisms underlying response and resistance to immunotherapy, and help guide our approach to designing therapeutic combinations that have the potential to enhance the benefit of immunotherapy in patients with gynecologic cancers.
Biomarkers ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Tumor Microenvironment

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia（CLL）is a malignant hematologic disease with heterogeneous clinical course, about two thirds of patients exhibit a long survival, but the remaining third of patients show aggressiveness of disease or poor response to conventional treatment even drug resistance. Studies suggested that tumor microenvironment possesses a critical effect in CLL disease progression in recent years. Monocyte/macrophage, as an important componens of tumor microenvironment, play a promotive role in the growth and drug reistance of tumor cells by direct cell-to-cell contact, secreting cytokines and suppressing antitumor responses. Therefore, exploring the monocyte/macrophage in CLL can provide theoretic basis for target treatment of CLL. In this review, the function of monocyte/macrophage and recent advances in therapy of CLL are discussed.
Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell ; Macrophages ; Monocytes ; Tumor Microenvironment