Objective:To explore the safety and prognosis for surgical repair of retrograde type A aortic dissection (RTAD) following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).Methods:This study utilized a retrospective cohort design, searching the hospital's medical records database to select patients who underwent TEVAR surgery from December 2017 to August 2020 and subsequently received another aortic surgery in our hospital due to RTAD. We collected data on patients' preoperative characteristics, details of the TEVAR procedure and the subsequent aortic surgeries, as well as postoperative follow-up data. Follow-up for these patients was conducted via telephone and outpatient visits, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results:The study included a total of 18 patients, of whom 17 were males, with an average age of 53.3 years old. Preoperative comorbidities included hypertension in 12 patients, abdominal aortic aneurysm in 1 patient, and coronary heart disease in 2 patients. There was 1 in-hospital death, 1 patient developed cardiac dysfunction, 1 experienced renal impairment, and 2 required a re-entry into the operating room for further management.Conclusion:Despite the widespread use of TEVAR, it is essential to carefully consider a patient's preoperative risk factors, patients who develop RTAD after TEVAR can safely and effectively undergo aortic surgical repair.