No abstract available.
Mortality* ; Tuberculosis*

Child ; Humans ; Tuberculosis ; mortality

Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Tuberculosis ; mortality

Intestinal tuberculosis presents with nonspecific and variable clinical manifestations. It is rarely seen in current clinical practice and the diagnosis may be missed or confused with many other disorders such as Crohns disease and intestinal neoplasms. The route of infection by tuberculous enteritis is variable and the treatment regimens used for treating pulmonary tuberculosis are generally effective for tuberculous enteritis as well. Uncomplicated tuberculous enteritis can be managed with a nine to 12- month course of antituberculous chemotherapy. If not treated early, the prognosis for intestinal tuberculosis is poor, with an overall mortality of between 19 percent and 38 percent. However, 90 percent of patients will respond to medical therapy alone if started early. Therefore, early detection and treatment is essential. Here we report a case of intestinal tuberculosis secondary to miliary tuberculosis.
Crohn Disease ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Enteritis ; Humans ; Intestinal Neoplasms ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Miliary* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

OBJECTIVETo understand the current status and trends of tuberculosis mortality rates in China.

METHODSIn 2010, 161 National Disease Surveillance Points representing all 31 mainland provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China collected tuberculosis mortality surveillance data, including age, sex, region, and type of tuberculosis (all, pulmonary, and extra-pulmonary). The mortality rates of the three types of tuberculosis were compared between 2004 and 2010.

RESULTSIn 2010, the mortality rates due to all tuberculosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis were 4.69 (95% CI 4.54-4.84), 4.38 (4.23-4.52), and 0.31 (0.27-0.35) per 100 000 population, respectively. Mortality rates due to all tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis were higher in males, the elderly, and those living in western and rural areas. From 2004 to 2010, the mortality rates due to all tuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis decreased by 36.02% and 37.70%, respectively, with an average annual rate of decline of 7.20% and 7.61%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONMortality rates due to tuberculosis have declined rapidly in China. The target of reducing the 1990 mortality rate by 50% by 2015 has already been achieved. However, the tuberculosis control program should pay more attention to high-risk groups, including the elderly and those living in underdeveloped areas.

China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Tuberculosis ; epidemiology ; mortality

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy is used widely for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the present study, the characteristics and outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) in IBD patients treated with anti-TNF therapy were compared with those of non-IBD TB patients.METHODS: Twenty-five IBD patients who initially developed TB during anti-TNF therapy were enrolled in this study. Seventy-five age- and gender-matched non-IBD TB patients were selected as controls in a 1:3 ratio.RESULTS: The proportion of non-respiratory symptoms was higher in the IBD patients than in the non-IBD patients (12 [48.0%] in the IBD patients vs. 15 [20.0%] in the non-IBD patients; p=0.009). Eight (32.0%) IBD patients and 19 (25.3%) non-IBD patients had extra-pulmonary lesions (p=0.516). The frequency of positive smear results for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was significantly higher in the non-IBD patients than in the IBD patients (three [12.0%] IBD patients vs. 27 [36.0%] non-IBD patients; p=0.023). Active TB was cured in 24 (96.0%) patients in the IBD group and in 70 (93.3%) patients in the non-IBD group (p=0.409). The TB-related mortality rates were 4.0% and 1.3% in the IBD patients and non-IBD patients, respectively (p=0.439).CONCLUSIONS: The rate of extrapulmonary involvement, side effects of anti-TB medications, and clinical outcomes did not differ between the IBD patients who initially developed TB during anti-TNF therapy and non-IBD patients with TB. On the other hand, the IBD patients had a lower rate of AFB smear positivity and a higher proportion of non-respiratory symptoms.
Hand ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Mortality ; Necrosis ; Tuberculosis

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the fatality rate of pneumoconiosis as well as the contributory factors in China in order to provide a foundation for prolonging the patients' lives.

METHODSChina National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang Databases were searched to collect observational studies published between Jan, 2000 and Oct, 2013 on pneumoconiosis case fatality rate. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed systematically, and analyzed by using Stata/SE 12.0, according to stage and type of pneumoconiosis and whether complicated with tuberculosis.

RESULTS41 papers were included for meta-analysis. The pooled total case fatality rate of pneumoconiosis was 31.2%. The pooled case fatality rate of pneumoconiosis patients of stage 1, 2 and 3 were 25.4%, 39.8%and 57.5%, respectively. The pooled case fatality rate of patients with silicosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, foundry worker's pneumoconiosis, asbestosis and cement pneumoconiosis were 35.8%, 32.4%, 24.7%, 35.1%and 5.5%, respectively. The complication with tuberculosis was a risk factor for the death of pneumoconiosis patients and the pooled RR was 1.82 (95%CI: 1.59∼2.08).

CONCLUSIONThere are significant differences in the case fatality rate of pneumoconiosis among different stages and different types of pneumoconiosis and whether complicated with tuberculosis.

Anthracosis ; mortality ; Asbestosis ; mortality ; China ; Humans ; Life Support Care ; Occupational Exposure ; Pneumoconiosis ; mortality ; Risk Factors ; Silicosis ; mortality ; Tuberculosis ; complications

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study tries to identify specific risk factors that may increase complication rates after the surgical treatment of tuberculous destroyed lung. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study was performed on forty-seven patients, who received surgical treatment for tuberculous destroyed lung in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at Hanyang University Hospital from 1988 to 1998, to identify specific preoperative risk factors related to postoperative complications. Fisher's exact test was used to identify the correlations between the complications and right pneumonectomy, preoperative FEV1, predicted postoperative FEV1, massive hemoptysis, postoperative persistent empyema. RESULT: Hospital mortality and morbidity rates of the patients who received surgical treatment for tuberculous destroyed lung were 6.4% and 29.7%, respectively. In view of the hospital mortality and morbidity rates as a whole, predicted postoperative FEV1 less than 0.8L(p<0.005), preoperative FEV1 less than 1.8L(p=0.01), massive hemoptysis(p<0.005), postoperative persistent positive sputum cultures(p<0.0005), and the presence of multi drug resistant tuberculosis(p<0.05) presented statistically significant correlations. Among the postoperative complications, bronchopleural fistula, the most common complication, was found to have statistically significant corrleations with the preoperative empyema(p<0.05) and postoperative persistent positive sputum cultures(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although mortality and morbidity rates after surgical treatment of tuberculous destroyed lung were relatively low, when predicted postoperative FEV1 was less than 0.8L, when preoperative FEV1 was less than 1.8L, when massive hemoptysis was present, when postoperative sputum cultures were persistently positive, and when multi drug resistant tuberculosis was present, the rates were significantly higher.
Empyema ; Fistula ; Hemoptysis ; Hospital Mortality ; Humans ; Lung* ; Mortality* ; Pneumonectomy ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors* ; Sputum ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading infectious cause of mortality worldwide with about two million deaths per year. The only licensed TB vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) shows limited protection efficacy suggesting an improved vaccination strategy is required. Recently, several TB vaccine candidates have entered clinical trials. These vaccine candidates are live mycobacterial vaccines designed to replace BCG or subunit vaccines designed to boost immunity induced by BCG. Vaccines with different strategy such as therapeutic vaccines, which can also be used in combination with drug therapy, are in the early stages of development to resolve latent TB or reactivation from the latent state. In this review, we discuss about development of BCG and BCG-based vaccines and further studies necessary for novel TB vaccine development to sterilize tuberculosis.
Bacillus* ; Drug Therapy ; Mortality ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis* ; Vaccination ; Vaccines* ; Vaccines, Subunit

Perinatal tuberculosis can be divided into congenital tuberculosis due to intrauterine infection and neonatal tuberculosis due to infection irnmediately following birth. It is a rare disease entity with only 300 cases reported worldwide. In Korea, only a few cases have been reported and only 1 case has been confirmed by autopsy at neonatal period. Although the majority of the mothers are found to have advanced tuberculosis and the children themselves are usually of premature birth, early diagnosis is difficult and despite antituberculous medication, the mortality rate is high. We report a premature baby with respiratory difficulty admitted to our hospital, whose mother was found to have miliary tuberculosis during the course of management. The baby died and autopsy was performed to confirm congenital tuberculosis.
Autopsy ; Child ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Premature Birth ; Rare Diseases ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Miliary