Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution and identify the high risk areas of pulmonary tuberculosis at the township level in Beijing during 2005-2015. Methods: Data on pulmonary tuberculosis cases was collected from the tuberculosis information management system. Global autocorrelation analysis, local indicators of spatial association and Kulldorff's Scan Statistics were applied to map the spatial distribution and detect the space-time clusters of the pulmonary tuberculosis cases during 2005-2015. Results: Spatial analysis on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at the township level demonstrated that the spatial autocorrelation was positive during the study period. The values of Moran's I ranged from 0.224 3 to 0.291 8 with all the P values less than 0.05. Hotspots were primarily distributed in 8 towns/streets as follows: Junzhuang, Wangping, Yongding and Tanzhesi in Mentougou district, Yancun in Fangshan district, Wangzuo town in Fengtai district, Tianqiao street in Xicheng district and Tianzhu town in Shunyi district. Spatiotemporal clusters across the entire study period were identified by using Kulldorff's spatiotemporal scan statistic. The primary cluster was located in Chaoyang and Shunyi districts, including 17 towns/streets, as follows: Cuigezhuang, Maizidian, Dongfeng, Taiyanggong, Zuojiazhuang, Hepingjie, Xiaoguan, Xiangheyuan, Dongba, Jiangtai, Wangjing, Jinzhan, Jiuxianqiao, Laiguangying, Sunhe towns/streets in Chaoyang district, Houshayu and Tianzhu town in Shunyi district, during January to December 2005. Conclusion: Incidence rates of pulmonary tuberculosis displayed spatial and temporal clusterings at the township level in Beijing during 2005-2015, with high risk areas relatively concentrated in the central and southern parts of Beijing.
Beijing ; China ; Cluster Analysis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Spatial Analysis ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/ethnology*

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of copy number variations (CNVs) of exon 11 of IL-23 receptor gene with susceptibility to active pulmonary tuberculosis among Chinese Uygurs.

METHODSIn this study, 250 subjects with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and 250 normal controls were recruited. A paired case-control study was conducted in the Chinese Uygur population in Xinjiang and the CNV of IL-23R was analyzed using Taqman real-time PCR.

RESULTSThe study showed that the frequencies of different copy number in exon 11 of IL-23R between PTB and control groups were statistically significant (χ(2)=13.35, P<0.01). There were significant difference in CNV of exon 11 in IL-23R between PTB patients and controls (χ(2)=14.95, P<0.01, OR=2.875, 95%CI: 1.655-4.994). The increase of copy number in exon 11 of IL-23R showed significantly different between PTB and control groups (χ(2)=10.475, P=0.0012, OR=2.611, 95%CI: 1.437-4.744).

CONCLUSIONThe CNV of exon 11 in IL-23R is associated with PTB in the Chinese Uygur population. The increase of the copy number in exon 11 of IL-23R may be a risk factor for PTB in Chinese Uygurs.

Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; ethnology ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Exons ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; ethnology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Interleukin ; genetics ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; ethnology ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of tuberculosis (TB) and identify the clustering areas in Qinghai province from 2014 to 2016, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of TB. Methods: The data of pulmonary TB cases confirmed by clinical and laboratory diagnosis in Qinghai during this period were collected from National Disease Reporting Information System. The visualization of annual reported incidence, three-dimensional trend analysis and local Getis-Ord G(i)(*) spatial autocorrelation analysis of TB were performed by using software ArcGIS 10.2.2, and global Moran's I spatial autocorrelation analysis were analyzed by using software OpenGeoDa 1.2.0 to describe and analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and high incidence areas of TB in Qinghai from 2014 to 2016. Results: A total of 20 609 pulmonary TB cases were reported in Qinghai during this period. The reported incidences were 101.16/100 000, 123.26/100 000 and 128.70/100 000 respectively, an increasing trend with year was observed (trend χ(2)=187.21, P<0.001). The three-dimensional trend analysis showed that the TB incidence increased from northern area to southern area, and up-arch trend from the east to the west. Global Moran's I spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that annual reported TB incidence in different areas had moderate spatial clustering (Moran's I values were 0.631 3, 0.605 4, and 0.587 3, P<0.001). And local G(i)(*) analysis showed that there were some areas with high TB incidences, such as 10 counties of Yushu and Guoluo prefectures (Gande, Banma and Dari counties, etc., located in the southwest of Qinghai), and some areas with low TB incidences, such as Huangzhong county, Chengdong district and Chengbei district of Xining city and Dachaidan county of Haixi prefecture, and the reported TB incidences in the remaining areas were moderate. Conclusion: The annual reported TB incidence increased year by year in Qinghai from 2014 to 2016. The distribution of TB cases showed obvious spatial clustering, and Yushu and Guoluo prefectures were the key areas in TB prevention and control. In addition, the spatial clustering analysis could provide the important evidence for the development of TB prevention and control measures in Qinghai.
China/epidemiology* ; Cluster Analysis ; Disease Notification/statistics & numerical data* ; Female ; Geographic Information Systems ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Spatial Analysis ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Tuberculosis/microbiology* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/ethnology*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiological characteristics and patterns of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis wounds in order to provide reliable data for further clinical research.

METHODSRecords of patients with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis wounds hospitalized from January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed, including gender, age, nationality, family background, Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, primary lesion, and history of injury.

RESULTSTuberculosis wounds were found in 235 patients among 5 863 patients with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, accounting for 4.0%. Among the patients with tuberculosis wounds, there were 139 male and 96 female, and the ratio of male to female was 1.4: 1.0. The age of patients ranged from 1 to 87 (37 +/- 18) years old, and the highest incidence occurred in patients older than 15 and younger than or equal to 30 years old (100 cases, accounting for 42.6%). Most patients with tuberculosis wounds were Han, and only 11 patients were minorities, accounting for 4.7%. Tuberculosis wounds were more prevalent in rural areas (163 cases, accounting for 69.4%), with a smaller number in urban areas (72 cases, accounting for 30.6%). The BCG vaccination rate was 13.6%. The main primary lesions were lymph node infection (112 cases, accounting for 47.7%), among which involvement of cervical lymph nodes accounted for the highest ratio ( 99 cases, accounting for 88.4%). Twenty-one patients had the traffic accident etc. injury history recently, among which 19 were male and 2 were female.

CONCLUSIONSTuberculosis wound, with certain incidence, was more frequently found among young adults from rural areas. The BCG vaccination rate was low among the patients and the main primary lesion was tuberculosis of cervical lymph nodes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; statistics & numerical data ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Lymph Nodes ; microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Population Surveillance ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Rural Population ; Tuberculosis ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; epidemiology ; Urban Population ; Wounds and Injuries ; complications ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

Evidence-based medicine is advocated by WHO and adopted by developed countries for many years. In China, however, the selection of essential medicine and various medical insurance reimbursement schemes medicine is usually based on experts' experience of prescription practice which is under heavy critics resulting from the lack of related comparative efficacy and evidence-based research. The efficacy of Jian'ganle in prevention of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) caused by antituberculotics was evaluated in this study by comparison with Hugan Pian, glucuronolactone and reduced glutathione. Evidence was provided for relevant sectors such as Ministry for Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China and National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China to select and renew the Essential Medicine List (EML), the new rural cooperative medical scheme in China (NRCMS) list or the reimbursement list of industrial injury insurance. A total of 189 patients with initial pulmonary tuberculosis were divided into four groups who took antituberculotics combined with Jian'ganle, Hugan Pian, glucuronolactone and reduced glutathione respectively. Their liver function profile including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), total protein (TP), albumin (A) and globulin (G) were detected at admission as baseline and after treatment. The Jian'ganle group was compared with the three others by chi-square tests. In an aspect of maintaining bilirubin indexes normal, Jian'ganle was more efficacious than glucuronolactone. And Jian'ganle had a little more efficacy than reduced glutathione to maintain protein indexes normal as well. And the therapeutic regimen of antituberculotics combined with Jian'ganle was the best in treating tuberculosis and preventing DILI at the same time. The study showed that among the four hepatinicas which demonstrated similar prevention of DILI caused by antituberculotics, Jian'ganle has more advantages over the three others to some extent, which provides a reliable basis for health sectors to select and renew the EML, NRCMS List or the reimbursement list of industrial injury insurance.
Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Antitubercular Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; statistics & numerical data ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; metabolism ; Bilirubin ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; prevention & control ; China ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Glucuronates ; therapeutic use ; Glutathione ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Liver ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; drug therapy ; ethnology