No abstract available.
Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal*

Solitary choroidal tuberculoma is a rare ocular tuberculosis, a form of secondary infection derived through the blood-stream from some focus of infection elsewhere in the body, characterized by gradual growing until it resembles a tumor projecting into the cavity of eye. Authors experienced a case of a solitary choroidal tuberculoma. A brief review of literature is described.
Choroid* ; Coinfection ; Tuberculoma* ; Tuberculosis, Ocular

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) is characteristic of lesions of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF) between the third and sixth cranial nerve nucleus. Bilateral INO is due to bilateral lesions of MLF. We present here one case of bilateral INO in tuberculous meningitis.
Abducens Nerve ; Ocular Motility Disorders* ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by mycobacteria species, which can affect any organ of the body including the eye. Primary ocular tuberculosis is very rare condition and likely to be caused by introduction of bacilli through epithelial injury. Post primary infections (or secondary infection) due to direct hematogenous spread or contiguous spread from an adjacent structure are more common presentations of ocular tuberculosis. The authors experienced 3 cases of ocular tuberculosis associated with systemic infection. One case was a scleral involvement of miliary tuberculosis and the others were choroidal tuberculoma from systemic tuberculosis.
Choroid ; Communicable Diseases ; Eye Infections ; Mycobacterium ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Miliary ; Tuberculosis, Ocular

It is Known that ocular tuberculosis occurs as a consequence of active infection from hematogenous spread or a hypersensitivity reaction to circtlating tuberculoproteins. The common findings of ocular tuberculosis are uveitis and choroidal tuberculoma. Paralleling the decrease of pulmonary tuberculosis and improvemem of differential diagnostic metnods, there has been a dramatic decline in the number of diagnosed cases of ocular tuberculosis. In a 65-year-old female a choroidal tumor was diagn03ed at our hospital a year ago Thereafter, she has been medicated with antituberculotic agents for brain tuberculosis in the other hospital. Recently she returned to our clinic cOffiJlaining of aggravated ocular symptom. The right vision was no light perception Enucleation of her right eye was perfomed under the impression of malignant tumor of choroid with secondary glaucoma. Pathologic findings of enucleated eyeball revealed the nature of tuberculoma; so, we report it with a review of literature.
Aged ; Brain ; Choroid* ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Tuberculoma* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Ocular ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Uveitis

It is Known that ocular tuberculosis occurs as a consequence of active infection from hematogenous spread or a hypersensitivity reaction to circtlating tuberculoproteins. The common findings of ocular tuberculosis are uveitis and choroidal tuberculoma. Paralleling the decrease of pulmonary tuberculosis and improvemem of differential diagnostic metnods, there has been a dramatic decline in the number of diagnosed cases of ocular tuberculosis. In a 65-year-old female a choroidal tumor was diagn03ed at our hospital a year ago Thereafter, she has been medicated with antituberculotic agents for brain tuberculosis in the other hospital. Recently she returned to our clinic cOffiJlaining of aggravated ocular symptom. The right vision was no light perception Enucleation of her right eye was perfomed under the impression of malignant tumor of choroid with secondary glaucoma. Pathologic findings of enucleated eyeball revealed the nature of tuberculoma; so, we report it with a review of literature.
Aged ; Brain ; Choroid* ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Tuberculoma* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Ocular ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Uveitis

Tuberculosis, once thought to be the most common cause of uveal is now thought to be a relatively rare cause of ocular disease. This is because of a decreased incidence of tuberculosis as well as a lessened emphasis on its diagnosis. Tuberculosis of uveal tract has long been a controversial subject in ophthalmology. Several factors have been implicated including the marked pleomorphism of the lesions, owing to variations in the virulence of the invading organisms, host resistance, and the presence or absence of host immunity. Solitary choroidal tuberculoma is rare and characterized as gradually growing until it resembles a tumor projecting as a round white or yellowish globular mass into the cavity of the eye. It may progress continuously and so finally, in the absence of treatment, the sclera is involved and perforation results which is followed by phthisis bulbi or pyogenic infection and panophthalmitis. We have experienced a 19-year old female who had a solitary choroidal tumor like lesion, which about 17 months later resulted in scleral perforation, in the posterior pole of the left eye. We performed enucleation of the left eyeball under the clinical diagnosis of the maligant melanoma associated with scleral perforation and obtained the histopathological diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis.
Choroid ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Melanoma ; Ophthalmology ; Panophthalmitis ; Sclera ; Tuberculoma ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Ocular ; Virulence ; Young Adult

Adenosine deaminase(ADA)has been used for the diagnosis of localized tuberculosis.The titer of ADA was measured from the ocular fluid of the patients who had undergone vitreoretinal surgery due to non-tuberculous vitreoretinal disease. Forty five patients were included and twenty patients were male. Mean age was 51.9 years. Four patients had diabetes mellitus and two had essential hypertension. The most frequent cause of vitreoretinal surgery was proliferative vitreoretinopathy(12 eyes). For the analysis of ADA titer, vitreous fluid(group I)was aspirated in 36 patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy and subretinal fluid(group II)in 9 patients undergoing scleral encircling. Mean titer of ADA was 9.01+/-15.69 IU/L, and there was no significant difference on the statistics between group I(6.06+/-13.75 IU/L)and group II(20.83+/-18.17 IU/L). All 45 eyes showed negative reaction to polymerase chain againt tuberculosis, and 25 of 29 patients had positive reaction to tuberculin skin test. There was no statistically significant relationship between ADA titer and tuberculin skin test. This result suggests that ADA may be used for the diagnosis of posterior ocular tuberculosis, since the normal concentration in the posterior ocular fluid was compatible with the one in other body fluids where it has been used for the diagnosis of localized tuberculosis.
Adenosine Deaminase* ; Adenosine* ; Body Fluids ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Skin Tests ; Tuberculin ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Ocular ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreoretinal Surgery

Tuberculous panophthalmitis is, at present, a rare disease and a recent study has revaled that the incidence has decreased to less 1 percent in the causes of granulomatous uveitis. But ocular tuberculosis is still one of frequent causes of uveitis in the world. Ocular tuberculosis may be divided in two main groups with regard to clinical manifestations; one is a simple tuberculous infection, and the other is an allergic reaction depending on the immunological reaction of the patient. We have experienced a 14 year old female who had clinical signs of unilateral panophthalmitis with a subconjunctival mass but no evidence of systemic tuberculosis. The pathologic examination revealed that a chronic granulomatous inflammation was present in the retina, choroid, and sclera with caseous necroses. The same pathologic changes were present in the subconjunctival mass which was closely associated with the markedly thin sclera. It may be, therefore, concluded that the subconjunctival granuloma was secondary to the scleral perforation in tuberculous panophthalmitis.
Adolescent ; Choroid ; Female ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Necrosis ; Panophthalmitis* ; Rare Diseases ; Retina ; Sclera ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Ocular ; Uveitis

Tuberculous panophthalmitis is, at present, a rare disease and a recent study has revaled that the incidence has decreased to less 1 percent in the causes of granulomatous uveitis. But ocular tuberculosis is still one of frequent causes of uveitis in the world. Ocular tuberculosis may be divided in two main groups with regard to clinical manifestations; one is a simple tuberculous infection, and the other is an allergic reaction depending on the immunological reaction of the patient. We have experienced a 14 year old female who had clinical signs of unilateral panophthalmitis with a subconjunctival mass but no evidence of systemic tuberculosis. The pathologic examination revealed that a chronic granulomatous inflammation was present in the retina, choroid, and sclera with caseous necroses. The same pathologic changes were present in the subconjunctival mass which was closely associated with the markedly thin sclera. It may be, therefore, concluded that the subconjunctival granuloma was secondary to the scleral perforation in tuberculous panophthalmitis.
Adolescent ; Choroid ; Female ; Granuloma* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Necrosis ; Panophthalmitis* ; Rare Diseases ; Retina ; Sclera ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Ocular ; Uveitis