Objective: To analyze the epidemic characteristics and drug resistance of pulmonary tuberculosis among the floating population in Beijing and to provide a scientific basis for formulating strategies for the prevention and control of tuberculosis among the floating population. Methods: Data of tuberculosis patients who were positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture was collected from 16 districts and one municipal institution of tuberculosis control and prevention in Beijing in 2019. The strain samples were tested for drug sensitivity by the proportional method. According to household registration location, patients were divided into the floating population and Beijing registration. SPSS 19.0 software analyzed tuberculosis patients' epidemic characteristics and drug resistance in the floating population. Results: In 2019, there were 1 171 culture-positive tuberculosis patients in Beijing, among the floating population, 593 (50.64%) patients were identified, with a male-to-female sex ratio of 2.2∶1 (409∶184). Compared to patients under household registration as Beijing residents, a higher proportion of young adults aged 20-39 years (65.09%,386/593) were noticed, with 55.65% (330/593) reported from the urban areas and 96.80% (574/593) were reported the first time. The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). After completing the drug sensitivity test, 37 cases were with multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis, accounting for 6.24% (37/593). The rates of isoniazid resistance (42.11%,8/19) and multidrug resistance (21.05%,4/19) in floating population patients after retreatment were significantly higher than those in newly treated patients (11.67%, 67/574 and 5.75%, 33/574), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions: Most patients with tuberculosis in the floating population in Beijing in 2019 were young males aged 20-39 years. The reporting areas were urban areas and the newly treated patients mainly. The patients with tuberculosis in the re-treated floating population were more likely to suffer from multidrug and drug resistance, which should be taken as the key population for prevention and control.
Young Adult ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology* ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology* ; Drug Resistance

Directly Observed Therapy ; Humans ; Medication Adherence ; Prejudice ; Prevalence ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; epidemiology

Tuberculosis (TB) has remained an ongoing concern in China. The national scale-up of the Directly Observed Treatment, Short Course (DOTS) program has accelerated the fight against TB in China. Nevertheless, many challenges still remain, including the spread of drug-resistant strains, high disease burden in rural areas, and enormous rural-to-urban migrations. Whether incident active TB represents recent transmission or endogenous reactivation has helped to prioritize the strategies for TB control. Evidence from molecular epidemiology studies has delineated the recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) strains in many settings. However, the transmission patterns of TB in most areas of China are still not clear. Studies carried out to date could not capture the real burden of recent transmission of the disease in China because of the retrospective study design, incomplete sampling, and use of low-resolution genotyping methods. We reviewed the implementations of molecular epidemiology of TB in China, the estimated disease burden due to recent transmission of M. tuberculosis strains, the primary transmission of drug-resistant TB, and the evaluation of a feasible genotyping method of M. tuberculosis strains in circulation.
China ; epidemiology ; Genotyping Techniques ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; genetics ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Whole Genome Sequencing

The global emergence of multidrugresistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-TB threatens to derail the efforts of TB control programmes worldwide. From 2000 to 2010, 161 pulmonary MDR-TB cases (including six XDR-TB cases) were reported in Singapore, and of these, 80% occurred among the foreign-born, with an increasing trend seen after 2004. Among new pulmonary TB cases, the highest incidence of MDR-TB occurred among patients from Myanmar (8%), followed by Vietnam (4.4%) and China (2.3%), while among those previously treated, the highest incidence was found in patients from Vietnam (50%), followed by Indonesia (33%) and Bangladesh (33%). Although the proportion of Singapore-born pulmonary TB cases with MDR-TB has remained comparatively low (0.2% and 1.3% in new and previously treated cases, respectively), there is no room for complacency. Top priority must be accorded toward the proper treatment of drug-susceptible TB cases under strict programme conditions so as to prevent the development of MDR-TB in the first place.
Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Emigrants and Immigrants ; Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; transmission

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), resistant to at least both isoniazid and rifampicin, poses a serious threat to global health because it requires treatment for a long duration and frequent hospitalization, and results in a considerable number of mortalities. According to a report from the World Health Organization in 2000, 3.2% of all new TB cases are MDR. In South Korea, multidrug-resistance was observed in 13% of re-treatment cases. The treatment of MDR-TB is difficult, since second-line drugs must be used, which are not as potent or as well tolerated as in the first-line drugs. Early publications on the treatment response of MDR-TB reported a considerable rate of mortality, as high as 37%. The use of 4 or 5 drugs including injectable drugs and fluoroquinolones is the fundamental of the medical treatment of MDR-TB. For patients with MDR-TB refractory to medical treatment, surgical resection could be tried. However, the candidate for the surgical resection should be selected cautiously. To overcome the low success rate of treatment among MDR-TB patients, well-designed clinical trials including newer drugs or regimens should be performed. MDR-TB has been a serious challenge to human health, especially in South Korea. To reduce the individual or social burden from MDR-TB, a commitment of government as well as clinicians is essential.
Epidemiology ; Fluoroquinolones ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Isoniazid ; Korea ; Mortality ; Rifampin ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant* ; World Health Organization

Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic communicable disease, continues to be a global public health concern. Slow decline of TB incidence and prevalence, human immunodeficiency virus/TB coinfection, growth of multidrug-resistant/extensively-resistant TB have made the control of TB even more challenging. Chemotherapy of TB has developed for decades and now also faces similar challenges.
Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Coinfection ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Tuberculosis ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; drug therapy ; epidemiology

Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use* ; China/epidemiology* ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis ; Humans ; Kanamycin Resistance ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Ofloxacin/pharmacology* ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology*

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the resistance rate and to correlate the clinical characteristics of resistant tuberculosis with the patients of pulmonary tuberculosis who were referred to the university hospital. METHODS: We prospectively performed sensitivity tests for all patients who were diagnosed as active tuberculosis by sputum smear or sputum culture from January, 1995 to June, 1996. Patients profile, previous treatment history, patterns of drug resistance, initial chest films and other clinical findings were analysed. RESULTS: Overall, 24(26.0%) of the 92 patients had resistance to at least one drug and 8(8.6%) had resistance to isoniazid(INH) and rifampin(RFP). Among the 66 patients without previous tuberculosis therapy, 11(16.6%) were drug-resistant and 2(3.0%) were multi-drug resistant. Among the 26 patients with previous therapy, 13(50.0%) were drug-resistant and 6(23.0%) were multi-drug resistant. For all 92, resistance to INH was most common (19.5%), followed by RFP (9.7%) and ethambutol (9.7%). Drug resistance was significantly high in previously treated patients and in cavity-positive patients. Treatment failure was also high in previously treated patients with resistant tuberculosis. In patients with primary resistance, treatment failure was not observed. CONCLUSION: Sensitivity tests are strongly recommended in all culture positive patients with previous therapy but, in patients with primary resistance, sensitivity tests are not required. Proper combination chemotherapy should be given under careful surveillance.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Aged ; Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology ; Female ; Hospitals, University ; Human ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Age ; Prospective Studies ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/epidemiology* ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology* ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/drug therapy

China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Minisatellite Repeats ; Molecular Typing ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics* ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/transmission*

China has a double burden of diabetes mellitus and tuberculosis, and many studies have been carried out on the mutual impact of these two diseases. This paper systematically reviewed studies conducted in China covering the mutual impact of epidemics of diabetes and tuberculosis, the impact of diabetes on multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and on the tuberculosis clinical manifestation and treatment outcome, the yields of bi-directional screening, and economic evaluation for tuberculosis screening among diabetes patients.
China ; epidemiology ; Coinfection ; epidemiology ; etiology ; microbiology ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Epidemics ; Mass Screening ; economics ; Prevalence ; Tuberculosis ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; epidemiology ; microbiology