No abstract available.
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant*

No abstract available.
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant*

No abstract available.
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant*

No abstract available.
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary*

BACKGROUND: The Philippines is among countries globally with high multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) burden. An operations research on Bedaquiline (BDQ), a new drug for MDR-TB, was launched by the Department of Health (DOH) in 2016.

OBJECTIVES: This paper aimed to gather the opinions and first-hand experiences of clinicians in the Philippines regarding BDQ.

METHODS: A facilitated roundtable discussion among nine clinicians included in the operations research on BDQ in the Philippines was conducted in June 2018. Topics covered included: (a) considerations in the use of BDQ, (b) outcomes of patients given BDQ, and (c) perceptions on effectiveness and safety of BDQ. Recordings and field notes from the discussion were subjected to framework analysis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Participants gave BDQ an overall positive feedback due to the effectiveness, less toxicity, and ease of administration compared to other anti-TB drugs. Issues on BDQ included the novelty of the drug that caused doubts at first use and the limited application of the drug as dictated by the inclusion criteria within the context of the operations research, among others. The significant number of patients lost to follow up and ways to address this challenge were also discussed.

PURPOSE: Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is an emerging threat to human beings. However, there is little data on the current status of MDR-TB in Korea. This study investigated the current status of MDR-TB in Korea using a survey of all the data from drug susceptibility tests (DST) performed across the country over the last three years. METHOD: The DST results between Jan. 2000 and Dec. 2002 from 7 laboratories, which were in charge of all antituberculous DSTs across the country as of March 2002, were collected and analyzed to determine the actual number of drug-resistant or MDR-TB patients, annual trend, degree and pattern of resistance against anti-TB drugs, etc. RESULTS: Six laboratories used the absolute concentration method for DST and one used the proportional method. 59, 940 tests had been performed over the 3 year study period. The number of DST performed annually was 18,071, 19,950, and 21,919 in 2000-2002, respectively. The number of resistant tuberculosis patients (resistant against at least one anti-TB drug) had increased by 16.9% from 6,338 in 2000 to 7,409 in 2002. The rate of resistant tuberculosis among all DST results was 35.1% in 2000, 34.5% in 2001, and 33.8% in 2002. The number of MDR-TB patients (resistant against at least both isoniazid and rifampin) showed an increasing trend (14.5%) from 3,708 in 2000 to 4,245 in 2002. CONCLUSION: Approximately 4,000 MDR-TB cases are newly identified by DST annually and the number is showing an increasing trend. This study suggests that in order to cope with the current MDR-TB situation, the DST methods will need to be standardized and more aggressive measures will be required.
Humans ; Isoniazid ; Korea* ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant*

Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis is an emerging threat to humans. Despite steady efforts of the national tuberculosis control program, current prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis rate is increasing in Korea. In Korea, it is effective to both improve the medical transfer system on tuberculosis, and also to make a new tuberculosis patient control system with integrated public-private sector. Improvement focused on the new medical transfer system is a suitable model considering current situation of the Korean medical system. This model can be achieved by replacing the traditional drug susceptibility test method, which requires a long turnaround time, with rapid molecular biological method, and improving the overall process of specimen transport system, report system, and guidelines for tuberculosis, as well. Using such model, doctors can discover multi-drug resistant tuberculosis patients at an earlier stage, prescribe appropriate drugs at the right time, and effectively support directly observed treatment short course strategy. Therefore, this new model for improvement of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis control program, medical transfer system-focused public-private integrated system, can present an effective tool for enhancing and modifying functions of the current national tuberculosis programme in Korea.
Humans ; Korea ; Prevalence ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant

Bedaquiline and delamanid were recently approved for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Korea. A treatment duration of 24 weeks was established based on phase 2 clinical trial data, although the combined use of these two drugs is typically not recommended because it may exaggerate QT prolongation. Here, we present a case of prolonged treatment (48 weeks) with a combination of bedaquiline and delamanid for pulmonary MDR-TB. The patient had previously been diagnosed with extensively drug-resistant TB but had been left untreated for the past 9 years due to a shortage of effective drugs. A combination of bedaquiline and delamanid successfully treated MDR-TB, highlighting the potential efficacy of these drugs for patients with drug-resistant TB infections.
Humans ; Korea ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant

Aims: Due to its rapid development of resistance against most conventional antibiotics, there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial agents and strategies to overcome the challenges in combating multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. This study aimed to determine the antipseudomonal potency of bacteriocin produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus TU2 when combined with conventional antibiotics. Methodology and results: The checkerboard method and time-kill assay were conducted to investigate the antagonism interaction and kinetics of the bacteriocin TU2 and selected antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC10145. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the cell surface morphological changes of the treated P. aeruginosa ATCC10145. The combination of bacteriocin TU2 with ciprofloxacin and tetracycline resulted in a 4-fold reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a fractional inhibitory concentration index (ΣFICI) of 0.5, indicating a synergistic interaction against P. aeruginosa ATCC10145. Similarly, the time-kill assay showed that the combination of bacteriocins TU2 respectively with chloramphenicol and tetracycline exerted enhanced bactericidal effect at 8 h and 10 h of treatments compared to treatment with antimicrobial agents alone. Results from SEM suggested that bacteriocin TU2 might cause pore formation on cells and thus enhanced the membrane permeability of antibiotics and intensified the membrane leakage that led to cell death of P. aeruginosa ATCC10145. Conclusion, significance and impact of study The combined antagonistic effect of bacteriocin TU2 and antibiotics could be a promising strategy in combating P. aeruginosa infections and may be applied in therapeutic industries.
Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Pediococcus pentosaceus

BACKGROUND: Moxifloxacin is an 8-methoxyquinolone compound which has been shown to have the best activity of the quinolones against M. tuberculosis but there is no literature showing the rate of cross-resistance between moxifloxacin and the other quinolones such as ofloxacin. Therefore, we tested the activity of moxifloxacin against ofloxacin resistant M. tuberculosis by a study of cross-resistance. METHODS: We tested MIC's of moxifloxacin and ofloxacin by proportion method against 34 M. tuberculosis isolates showing resistance against ofloxacin at 2.5microgram/ml concentration and 13 ofloxacin susceptible isolates from specimens submitted to clinical laboratory of National Masan Hospital from March 2003 to March 2004. RESULTS: For ofloxacin susceptible isolates, MIC(50) and MIC(90) of ofloxacin were all 1.25 microgram/ml, and MIC(50) and MIC(90) of moxifloxacin were 0.31 microgram/ml and 0.63microgram/ml respectively. For ofloxacin resistant isolates, MIC(50) of ofloxacin was over 10microgram/ml and MIC(50) of moxifloxacin was 5microgram/ml,MIC(90) of ofloxacin and moxifloxacin were all over 10microgram/ml. The rate of cross-resistance between the two was 67.6%(23/34) at 2.5microgram/ml concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Moxifloxacin showed activity against 82.4%(28/34) of ofloxacin resistant M. tuberculosis at 10microgram/ml, but more studies are needed so that moxifloxacin will be used for patient with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis including ofloxacin resistance.
Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Ofloxacin* ; Quinolones ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant