Tuberculin Test

No abstract available.
Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Skin* ; Tuberculin Test* ; Tuberculin*

As B.C.G. vaccination is being given extensively to uninfected children in this country. It has become important for pediatricians, general practitioners and public health people to differentiate natural conversion of response to tubercle bacilli from B.C.G. conversion. The authors have investigated this problem by studying 993 pupils in a primary school in Seoul. In our investigation, the difference between the convesion rate with 1/2,000 O.T. and 1/10,000 O.T. at various intervals after B.C.G. vaccination in the B.C.G.- converted group is statistically significant, whereas in the naturally converted group, the difference between the two groups is not statistically significant. There also is a difference in local reaction between the naturally converted group and the B.C.G.-converted group, although it is hard to distinguish with a single reaction whether it is due to natural conversion or to B.C.G. conversion. From both the results of our study and a some of the previous articles on this matter, the authors conclude that natural conversion to tuberculosis may be differentiated from B.C.G. conversion by using both 1/2,000 O.T. and 1/10,000 O.T. at the same time rather than using 1/2,000 O.T. alone, as practiced until now in this country, in order that the reaction may not be erroneous1y read as a naturally-converted positive reaction always.
Child ; Follow-Up Studies* ; General Practitioners ; Humans ; Public Health ; Pupil ; Seoul ; Tuberculin Test* ; Tuberculin* ; Tuberculosis* ; Vaccination*

OBJECTIVES: Health care workers(HCWs) are more likely to become infected with tuberculosis from patients in the hospital. When HCWs have an active tuberculosis infection, it is possible that they also become a source of infections to other HCWs and patients. METHODS: Tuberculin tests were performed with mantoux method using 5 units of tuberculin by infection control practitioners on Feb. 21, and Mar. 7, 1997. A total of 138 newly employed HCWs including 44interns and 94 nurses were tested. Results of skin test were interpreted by themselves according to the instructions. RESULTS: Among 138 personels, skin tests were negative in 27 personels (19.6%); 4 interns (9.1%) and 23 nurses (24.5%). There were 3 persons (2.2%) who had a history of tuberculosis which had been treated. CONCLUSION: The study showed that approximately 20% of newly employed HCWs had negative tuberculin skin test. Given the possibility of being infected with tuberculosis in the hospital, regular follow up of tuberculin skin test is warranted to protect HCWs,
Delivery of Health Care* ; Humans ; Infection Control Practitioners ; Skin Tests* ; Skin* ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculin* ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: These days 5 TU purified protein derivative (PPD) is substituted with 2 TU PPD for the tuberculin skin test, a test essential in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in pediatric population. However, there had been no adequate criteria for the positivity of 2 TU PPD skin test. This study was performed to clarify the criteria of positive reactivity of 2 TU PPD skin test. The reactivity of 2 TU PPD was compared to that of 5 TU PPD. METHODS: One hundred and six medical students were tested with Mantoux method. Diameters of induration were measured 72 hours after the intradermal injections of 2 TU and 5 TU PPDs. Past history and family history of tuberculosis, history of BCG administration and the presence of BCG scar were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and three subjects completed the study. Mean diameter of 2 TU tuberculin test was 10.3 mm and that of 5 TU test was 14.4mm, which was significantly different (P<0.001). The diameters were 0-24mm in the 2 TU test and 0-25mm in the 5 TU test. The diameter of induration in 2 TU test was positively correlated to that in 5 TU test (r2=0.63). Eighty-six subjects (83.5%) in the 2 TU test and 92 subjects (89.3%) in the 5 TU test had diameters of induration of 5mm or more; 59 (57.3%) subjects in the 2 TU test and 83 (80.6%) subjects in the 5 TU test had diameters of induration of 10 mm or more; 27 (26.2%) in the 2 TU test and 64 (62.1%) in the 5 TU test had diameters of induration of 15mm or more. Seventy-six of 103 subjects (73.7%) had greater diameters of induration in 5 TU test than in 2 TU, 22 (21.4%) had the same diameters, and 5 (4.9%) had greater diameters of induration in 2 TU test than in 5 TU test, and the last 5 subjects had indurations of more than 10mm diameter in both 2 TU and 5 TU tests. CONCLUSION: The criterion of positivity in 2 TU PPD skin test, essential for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, is different from that in 5 TU test. In this study, 6 mm or more was adequate for the criterion of positivity and 10mm or more for the criterion of strong positivity. Further studies should be done to establish a criterion for the pediatric population.
Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Skin Tests* ; Skin* ; Students, Medical ; Tuberculin ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: Mantoux test was widely used to identify the tuberculosis. But no reliable method exists for distinguishing tuberculin reactions caused by previous BCG vaccination from those caused by mycobacterial infections. So we studied Mantoux response in infants who had received BCG vaccination in the first month of life. METHODS: Mantoux testing was carried out in 143 healthy infants aged from 3 to 15months who had received BCG vaccination in the first month of life. Among them, 81 received Japan 172 strain BCG vaccination with multiple puncture method and 62 Copenhagen 1331 strain with intradermal method. RESULTS: The mean Mantoux reactions in the Japan 172 strain group were as follows : 10.0mm at 3 months, 9.7mm at 4-6months, 11.4mm at 7-9months, and 10.5mm at 10-15months. The mean Mantoux reactions in the Copenhagen 1331 strain group were as follows : 7.6mm at 3 months, 7.5mm at 4-6months, 7.5mm at 7-9months, and 6.8mm at 10-15months. Infants who received Japan strain had significantly larger sized induration in all ages. About 50% of Japan strain BCG-vaccinated infants had more than 10mm of tuberculin reaction. CONCLUSION: Infants who received Japan strain had significantly larger sized tuberculin reaction in all ages. Although the size of induration is more than 10mm in Tokyo strain BCG-vaccinated child, vaccine effect should be generally considered.
BCG Vaccine ; Child ; Humans ; Infant* ; Japan ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Punctures ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculin* ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccination*

BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of tuberculosis infections (PTBI) is one of the basic epidemiologic indices, no survey has been carried out since 1995 because the nation-wide tuberculosis prevalence survey was changed to a surveillance system. Subjects without a BCG scar are examined in a tuberculin survey. However, it is very difficult to select these subjects under high vaccination coverage. It is important to evaluate the impact of BCG vaccinations on the tuberculin response and estimate the PTBI regardless of the BCG vaccination status. METHODS: A nation-wide, school-based cross-sectional tuberculin survey was carried out among first graders in elementary school in 2006. A total of 5,148 children in 40 schools were selected by quota sampling. Tuberculin testing with 0.1 ml of two tuberculin units of PPD RT23 was carried out on 4,018 children. The maximum transverse diameter of induration was measured 48 to 72 hours later. The presence of a BCG scar was checked separately. RESULTS: There were no BCG scars in 6.3% of the subjects. The mean induration size of tuberculin testing was 3.7+/-4.4 mm, which included 1,882 (46.8%) subjects with an induration size of 0 mm. The PTBI was 10.9% (439 subjects) using a cut-off point of > or =10 mm (conventional method). The annual risk of tuberculosis infections (ARTI) was 1.9% when the mean age of the subjects was assumed to be 6 years. There was no difference in the PTBI according to the presence or absence of a BCG scar [11.2% vs 7.6% (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 0.98m2.43)]. Using a mirror image technique with 16 mm as the cut-off point, the PTBI and ARTI had decreased to 2.4% and 0.4% respectively. CONCLUSION: PTBI and ARTI, as estimated by conventional methods, appear to be high among BCG vaccinated children. A mirror image technique is more suitable for estimating the indices in a country with an intermediate burden of tuberculosis than the conventional method.
Child ; Cicatrix ; Humans ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Prevalence ; Tuberculin ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccination

To compare Mono-Test withstandard Mantoux tuberculin test, 221 primary school children aged 6 to 7, were randomly subjected. Each subject was simultaneously ted intradermally with three kinds of tuberculin reagents, 1TU PPD and 5TU PPD at one side of forearm and Mono-Test(Institut Merieux) at other side. Approximately 72 hours later, all sites of tested were measured by author. The criteria for positive Mantoux test was given when the tran sverse diameter of indr ation was 10mm or more. If 2mm or more induration was considreed as positive Mono-test, the sensitivity and specificity of Mono-Test to 1TU PPD Mantiux test were 94.44% and 75.14% respectively, ant those to 5TU PPD Mantoux test were 90.20% and 80.59% respectively. On the other hand, when 5mm or more induration was considered as positive Mono-Test, the sensitivity and specificity to 1TU PPD Mantoux test were 80.56% and 97.30% respectively and those to 5TU PPD Mantoux test were 66.67% and 98.24% respectively. Considering of false negativity and false positivity rates, Mono-Test be used only for screening of tuberculosis instead of Mantoux test and in that case it 4 will be better to using 2mm or more induration as a positive criteria of Mono-Test. Any doubtful or positive Mono-Test case sholud be retested with standard Mantoux test because of its relatively high falsespositive rates.
Ants ; Child ; Forearm ; Hand ; Humans ; Indicators and Reagents ; Mass Screening ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tuberculin Test* ; Tuberculin* ; Tuberculosis

The simple chest X-ray study is essential in diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, especially primary pulmonarytuberculosis. Authers analyzed the chest films and tuberculin tests of 521 cases which are suspected primarypulmonary tuberculosis coinically, from Jan. 1978 to Nov. 1982 at Seoul Red Cross Hospital. The results are asfollows; 1. Among the total 521 cases, the 115 cases of chst film reveal 245 probable pulmonary tuberculouslesions. 2. The coincidence of the parenchymal and lymphnodal involvement are observed in 40 cases (34.8%) with137 lesions(55.9%), parenchymal only in 23 cases (20.0%) with 25 lesions(10.2%) and lymphnodal only in 52 cases(45.2%) with 83 lesions(33.9%). 3. In observing the distribution of the 83 parenchymal lesions, the right lung istwo times as common as that of the left, being the highest in the RLL field with 41 lesions(49.4%), the lowest inthe LLL field with 3 lesions(3.6%). 4. In observing the distribution of the 162 lymphnodal lesions, there are 95lesions(58.6%) in the right and 67 lesions(41.4%) in the left, involving hilar nodes with 150 lesions(92.6%) andmediastinal nodes with 12 lesions(7.4%). The incidence of unilateral involvement is 13 cases (11.3%) and bilateral79 cases (68.7%). 5. Among the total 245 lesions, 141 lesions(57.9%) are smaller than rice in size, 120lesions(49.0%) are amophous in shape and 186 lesions(75.9%) are mainly calcific in density. According to theincrease of age, count and detection rate of the lesion on the chest film are increased. 6. Tuberculin testsshowed 26.1% negative rate in 115 tuberculous cases, and 51% positive rate in 406 negative chest cases.
Diagnosis ; Incidence ; Lung ; Red Cross ; Seoul ; Thorax ; Tuberculin ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary