This article discusses the application of multimedia courseware to the physiology teaching.During making multimedia courseware hypertext interlinkage,diagram and simulating writing on blackboard should be applied.The physiology teaching should evoke study interest and activity of the students to improve teaching quality of physiology comprehensively.

The present study sought to investigate the anti-inflammation and immunoloregulation effect of 17 Guizhi Fuling capsule ingredients. The anti-inflammatory ingredients on LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cell injury were assessed with ELISA and immunofluorescence. The release of IL-1β, TNF-α, PGE2 were detected with ELISA and the expression of COX-2 was detected with immunofluorescence. The effects of them on promoting splenic lymphocyte proliferation were assessed with MTT and Hoechst 33342 staining method. The results showed that 15 ingredients had obviously anti-inflammatory activity on LPS- induced injury and play the immunoloregulation roles. This study suggested that the 15 ingredients may be the active ingredients on pelvic infection.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Capsules ; pharmacology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Immunologic Factors ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Interleukin-1beta ; immunology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; enzymology ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Spleen ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; immunology

Guizhi Fuling capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine composed of five kinds of medicinal plants, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Poria, Moutan Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Paeoniae Radix Alba. Pharmacology studies have shown that Guizhi Fuling capsule has many activities: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tumor, regulating smooth muscle, endocrine regulation and enhancing immunity. It achieved obvious effects in the treatment of uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, dysmenorrheal, endometriosis, ovarian cysts, breast hyperplasia and other gynecological diseases. This paper reviewed the main progress on studies of pharmacological activities and clinical applications of Guizhi Fuling capsule in recent years.
Capsules ; administration & dosage ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of Saccharomyces albicans (S. albicans) on the cell cycle distribution and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cell ECV304 cells in vitro.

METHODSThe line of ECV304 cultured in vitro were divided into four groups which were treated by S. albicans supernatant, S. albicans inactivated bacilli, supernatant and inactivated bacilli mixture, normal culture medium. The proliferous effect of ECV304 induced by supernatant, inactivated bacilli, supernatant and inactivated bacilli mixture using the methods of MTT, cell count, microscope and flow cytometry were conducted.

RESULTSIn the condition of different times and different culture concentrations, ECV304 cells incubated with 4-fold diluted S. albicans supernatant for 48 h increased the proliferation rate. The S and G2/M population of ECV304 cells increased after incubated with S. albicans supernatant for 40 h, which showed significant increasing cell proliferation index (PI) (P < 0.05). The PI of the cells treated by inactivated bacilli showed no significant change (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS. albicans could induce ECV304 cell proliferation which depends on the release of metabolic products of S. albicans.

Cell Cycle ; Cell Division ; Cell Proliferation ; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells ; Humans ; Saccharomyces ; Umbilical Veins

OBJECTIVETo study the vasodilation effect of the procyanidin (PC) extracted from grape seeds on rabbit thoracic aortic rings in vitro, decreasing blood pressure in vivo and the possible mechanism.

METHODRabbits aortic rings were isolated and were divided into six groups including removal of endothelium, integrity of endothelium, 1 x 10(-5) mol X L(-1) indomethacin (Indo), 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) propranolol (Prop), 1 x 10(-4) mol x L(-1) N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) and 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) methylene blue (MB). Then the thoracic aortic rings were treated with PC with cumulative concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 mg x L(-1) respectively and the changes of tension were recorded, and investigate the effect of 40 mg x L(-1) PC on the contraction of aortic smooth muscles, thoracic aortic rings were pre-treated with NA (1 x 10(-8) to approximately 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1)), KCl (6.3 to approximately 100 mmol x L(-1)) and CaCl2 (1 x 10(-5) to approximately 1 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1)) followed by treatment with PC. Then, rabbits common carotid artery was intubated and arterial blood pressure in vivo was recorded. PC with cumulative concentrations of 4.0, 8.0, 16, 32, 64, 84 mg x kg(-1) was injected into vein and the changes of arterial blood pressure were observed.

RESULTPC could relax isolated rabbit aorta and showedan obvious concentration-dependent relaxation (r = 0. 63, P < 0.001). The relaxant effect of PC was significantly reduced by removal of endothelium and by treatment with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NNA, or guanylyl cyclase inhibitor MB. In addition PC could decrease the dose response curves of aortic rings to NA, KCl and CaCl2. PC has a significant concentration-dependent negative effect on arterial blood pressure in vivo (r = 0.92, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONPC has a vasodilation effect not only in an endothelium-dependent, nitric oxide involved manner, but in inhibition of calcium release and blockage of potential-dependent calcium channels. PC could decrease the rabbit's arterial blood pressure significantly in vivo.

Animals ; Aorta ; drug effects ; physiology ; Calcium Chloride ; pharmacology ; Female ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; Muscle Relaxation ; drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular ; drug effects ; Norepinephrine ; pharmacology ; Potassium Chloride ; pharmacology ; Proanthocyanidins ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology

In 2012, the preparation process and quality standard for Guizhi Fuling capsule were improved. To compare the effects and differences of capsules before (2011) and after(2012-2014) the improvement, evaluation models for intrinsic dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation and hysteromyoma were applied in rats. Models were induced by oxytocin, liqiud bacteria mixture and estrogen loading, respectively. The capsules (12 batchs/year, 48 bathcs in all), sampled randomly in 2011-2014, the effects were assessed using the three models. In anti-dysmenorrhea models, remarked reduction of writhing frequency, ET-1 and PGF2α content in uterus could be detected, as well as extension of writhing latency. In pelvic inflammation rats, depression of TNF-α and raise of IL-2 were induced by earh batch of capsules. In hysteromyoma model, uterine weight and smooth muscle proliferation, including E2 and P level in plasma, were lowered obviously by all batchs of capsules. Secondly, Guizhi Fuling capsules produced in 2012-2014 revealed better effectiveness than the ones manufactured in 2011. Moreover, pharmacodynamics indexes of the samples made in 2011 differed significantly between groups, which could not be observed in the ones ot 2012-2014. After tne preparation process and quality standard improvement, the effectiveness and homogeneity of Guizhi Fuling capsules were enhanced.
Animals ; Capsules ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; standards ; Depression ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dinoprost ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; standards ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Quality Improvement ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore anti-inflammation and mechanism of Qinghuachang Decoction (QD) by using LPS stimulated differentiated colon cancer Caco-2 cells (as an inflammation model of human enterocytes).

METHODSQD was prepared. Human colonic epithelial Caco-2 cells were cultured. Expressions of TNF-alpha and IL-8 were determined using ELISA. Expressions of inhibitory Kaba protein (IkappaB-alpha), phosphorylated inhibitory Kaba protein (p-lkappaB-alpha), nuclear transcription factor p50 (p50), and nuclear transcription factor ReIA (ReIA) protein were determined by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the negative control group (without LPS stimulation), LPS stimulated the release of IL-8 and TNF-alpha in Caco-2 cells (P < 0.05). QD treatment could reduce the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-8 induced by LPS in a dose dependent manner (P < 0.05). QD at 0, 5, 10, and 50 microg/mL had no significant effect on Caco-2 cell survival rates (P > 0.05), with no statistical difference among various concentrations (P > 0.05). QD could significantly suppress nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) phosphorylation stimulated by LPS. The expression of p-IKappaB-alpha was decreased with increasing concentrations of QD (P < 0.05). There was no obvious change in IKB-alphaB expressions (P > 0.05). Expressions of p50 and ReIA decreased with increasing concentrations of QD (P < 0.05). Both of them were in a dose dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONQD inhibited LPS mediated NF-kappaB activation, which might be one of its mechanisms for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Caco-2 Cells ; Colon ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Enterocytes ; Humans ; I-kappa B Proteins ; metabolism ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-8 ; Lipopolysaccharides ; NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Objective To establish the mouse models of acute epilepsy induced by kainic acid or penicillin, and explore the characteristics and condition of application of the 2 agents. Methods Ninety healthy male Kunming mice were selected and divided randomly into the normal saline group (n=10) and penicillin-induced group (n=40) and kainic acid-induced group (n=40). The kainic acid-induced group were treated with 10 mg/kg kainic acid by intraperitoneal injection, the penicillin-induced group were treated with 7× 106 U/kg penicillin by intraperitoneal injection, and the ones in the normal saline group were treated with 35 μL/g normal saline by intraperitoneal injection. After injection, seizure was observed continuously and graded in the following 5 h and monitored by electroencephalogram (EEG). Results Totally 80 mice of the penicillin- and kainic acid-induced groups entered the final analysis. It was noted that the latency of the appearance of the status epilepticus by kainic acid was shorter than that by penicillin (P＜0.05), and the mortality rate was lower as well (P＜0.05). Conclusions Acute epilepsy model reproduced by kainic acid might be superior to the one by penicillin because of the similar behavior and EEG features with human temporal epilepsy.

In this study, the active components and potential molecular .mechanism of Guizhi Fuling formula in treatment on dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, and hysteromyoma were investigated using network pharmacological methods. Sterols and pentacyclic triterpenes, with high moleculal network degree, revealed promising effects on anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tumor, and immune-regulation, according to D-T network analysis. On the other hand, the targets with high degree were involved in inflammatory, coagulation, angiopoiesis, smooth muscle contraction, and cell reproduction, which showed the novel function in anti-dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, and hysteromyoma. Furthermore, the formula was indicated to play a key role in smooth muscle proliferation, inhibition of new vessels, circulation improvement, reduction of hormone secretion, alleviation of smooth muscle, block of arachidonic acid metabolism, and inflammation in uterus. Thus, the main mechanism of Guizhi Fuling formula was summarized. In conclusion, Guizhi Fuling formula was proven to alleviated dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, and hysteromyoma by acting on multiple targets through several bioactive compounds, regulating 21 biological pathways.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; drug effects ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective o investigate the clinical characteristics of middle cranial fossa arachnoid cyst (MCFAC) and its therapeutic effects with different surgical methods. Methods Three hundred and fifty-two patients with MCFAC (about 2.58% of patients with intracranial space occupying lesion),admitted to our hospital from May 2001 to May 2008, were chosen in out study; their clinical data,surgical approach and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. The gender ratio of patient with MCFAC adopted resection of arachnoid cyst and arachnoid cyst-peritoneal shunt was performed in 28 patients.Results Follow-up was performed for 3 months to 3 years. The headache completely disappeared in 75 patients (58.59%) and partial remission in 41 (32.03%) after the operation. The frequency and degree of seizures obviously decreased in 8 of the patients with MCFIAC. Eleven patients with dystropy,attention-deficit disorder or difficulty of learning got improvement. The head circumference and local skull eminentia was stable. The cyst disappeared completely in 46 patients (13.07%), partially in 257 (73.01%) and no changes in 49 (13.92%). Conclusion The clinical features of MCFAC is that it mainly occur in the left side of male. The younger the patient with MCFAC is, the better the treatment effect in the surgical intervention is. good outcome can be achieved by resection of the parietal layer of arachnoid cysts. The indication of shunt with meso-low pressure shunt system is for larger arachnoid cyst.