Objective: To investigate the feasibility and outcome of partial hepatectomy and fenestration combined with renal cyst decortication for treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic liver disease (APLD) associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (APKD). Methods: From July 2007 to Oct. 2007, three patients with APLD associated with APKD were treated by partial hepatectomy and fenestration combined with renal cyst decortication in our hospital. Their preoperative symptoms, operation procedure, operation time, complications and the clinical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The 3 patients were successfully treated and discharged. The operation time periods of the 3 patients were 475, 402, and 430 minutes. Pleural effusion and ascites occurred in all the 3 patients and disappeared after puncture and drainage. Follow-up was conducted 5, 6, and 9 mouths later; the symptoms disappeared in all patients and the renal function became normal. The blood pressure of 2 patients recovered to normal level after operation. Conclusion: Partial hepatectomy and fenestration combined with renal cyst decortication is a safe and acceptable procedure for treatment APLD associated with APKD. The complication rate is comparatively more and the long-term outcomes need to be evaluated further.

OBJECTIVE: To explore etiology and pathogenesis of viral myocarditis (VMC) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS: The expression of Coxsackie B virus and adenovirus receptors (CAR) were detected with modified immunohistochemical (IHC) technique in myocardium of left ventricle, right ventricle, interventricular septum, and septal papillary muscle from 28 patients with viral myocarditis, 31 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and 17 control patients (including normal, hypertension heart disease, myocardial infarction and coronary atherosclerotic heart disease). RESULTS: The brown staining on the cell membrane of myocardium represents positive result. 100% (28 of 28) of VMC patients (IHC surface integral: 4.3975 +/- 0.0365) and 84% (26 of 31) of DCM patients (4.2064 +/- 0.052 6) had prevalent CAR expression compared to 0% (0 of 19) control patients (0.073 1 +/- 0.0362). There were statistically significant differences between VMC/DCM and control patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The prevalence of CAR expression was significantly higher in VMC and DCM patients (100% and 84% vs. 0% in control). In contrast, there was no difference found between VMC and DCM patients. These results suggest that both VMC and DCM involve viral etiology and could share a similar pathogenesis.
Adenovirus Infections, Human/complications* ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/virology* ; Case-Control Studies ; Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor-Like Membrane Protein ; Coxsackievirus Infections/complications* ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Myocarditis/virology* ; Myocardium/pathology* ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism*

The present study sought to investigate the anti-inflammation and immunoloregulation effect of 17 Guizhi Fuling capsule ingredients. The anti-inflammatory ingredients on LPS-induced RAW264. 7 cell injury were assessed with ELISA and immunofluorescence. The release of IL-1β, TNF-α, PGE2 were detected with ELISA and the expression of COX-2 was detected with immunofluorescence. The effects of them on promoting splenic lymphocyte proliferation were assessed with MTT and Hoechst 33342 staining method. The results showed that 15 ingredients had obviously anti-inflammatory activity on LPS- induced injury and play the immunoloregulation roles. This study suggested that the 15 ingredients may be the active ingredients on pelvic infection.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Capsules ; pharmacology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Immunologic Factors ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Interleukin-1beta ; immunology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; enzymology ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Spleen ; cytology ; drug effects ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; immunology

Guizhi Fuling capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine composed of five kinds of medicinal plants, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Poria, Moutan Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Paeoniae Radix Alba. Pharmacology studies have shown that Guizhi Fuling capsule has many activities: anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tumor, regulating smooth muscle, endocrine regulation and enhancing immunity. It achieved obvious effects in the treatment of uterine fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, dysmenorrheal, endometriosis, ovarian cysts, breast hyperplasia and other gynecological diseases. This paper reviewed the main progress on studies of pharmacological activities and clinical applications of Guizhi Fuling capsule in recent years.
Capsules ; administration & dosage ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Humans

CpTI (Cowpea Trypsin Inhibitor) is a widely used insect resistance gene in the plant genetic engineering for its high insecticidal activity and the minimal ability of the insects to evolve resistance to it. To facilitate the safety assessment of genetically modified foods (GMFs) with CpTI protein, we need to produce gram quantities of this protein in microbes. With the pGEX fusion expression system, we expressed the GST-CpTI protein in E. coli BL21, which accounted for approximately 40% of germ proteins. By Glutathione Sephrose 4B affinity chromatography, GST-CpTI was obtained with the purity up to 90%. Overnight incubate the fusion proteins with Thrombin protease, we got the CpTI proteins cleavage of GST tag. Both of the GST-CpTI and CpTI proteins showed notable trypsin inhibitor activity. Immunization of rabbits with purified fusion protein generated high titer antibodies (> 20000), measuring by ELISA. Western Blotting also showed specific Ag-Ab binding band between the antiserum and the CpTI proteins no matter in the whole supersonic germ proteins or purified from the column. All these made a good ground for the further safety assessment of CpTI protein.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Trypsin Inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism

In 2012, the preparation process and quality standard for Guizhi Fuling capsule were improved. To compare the effects and differences of capsules before (2011) and after(2012-2014) the improvement, evaluation models for intrinsic dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation and hysteromyoma were applied in rats. Models were induced by oxytocin, liqiud bacteria mixture and estrogen loading, respectively. The capsules (12 batchs/year, 48 bathcs in all), sampled randomly in 2011-2014, the effects were assessed using the three models. In anti-dysmenorrhea models, remarked reduction of writhing frequency, ET-1 and PGF2α content in uterus could be detected, as well as extension of writhing latency. In pelvic inflammation rats, depression of TNF-α and raise of IL-2 were induced by earh batch of capsules. In hysteromyoma model, uterine weight and smooth muscle proliferation, including E2 and P level in plasma, were lowered obviously by all batchs of capsules. Secondly, Guizhi Fuling capsules produced in 2012-2014 revealed better effectiveness than the ones manufactured in 2011. Moreover, pharmacodynamics indexes of the samples made in 2011 differed significantly between groups, which could not be observed in the ones ot 2012-2014. After tne preparation process and quality standard improvement, the effectiveness and homogeneity of Guizhi Fuling capsules were enhanced.
Animals ; Capsules ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; standards ; Depression ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Dinoprost ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; standards ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Quality Improvement ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

In this study, the active components and potential molecular .mechanism of Guizhi Fuling formula in treatment on dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, and hysteromyoma were investigated using network pharmacological methods. Sterols and pentacyclic triterpenes, with high moleculal network degree, revealed promising effects on anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-tumor, and immune-regulation, according to D-T network analysis. On the other hand, the targets with high degree were involved in inflammatory, coagulation, angiopoiesis, smooth muscle contraction, and cell reproduction, which showed the novel function in anti-dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, and hysteromyoma. Furthermore, the formula was indicated to play a key role in smooth muscle proliferation, inhibition of new vessels, circulation improvement, reduction of hormone secretion, alleviation of smooth muscle, block of arachidonic acid metabolism, and inflammation in uterus. Thus, the main mechanism of Guizhi Fuling formula was summarized. In conclusion, Guizhi Fuling formula was proven to alleviated dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, and hysteromyoma by acting on multiple targets through several bioactive compounds, regulating 21 biological pathways.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; drug effects ; Humans ; Leiomyoma ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of clinical application of the thoracodorsal artery musculocutaneous perforator flap (TAMPF).

METHODS(1) The morphosis and blood supply of TAP flap on 15 formalized adult cadavers(30 sides) were examined by microsurgery anatomy. (2) An imitative operation of the TAMP flap and latissimus dorsi flap on 1 formalized adult cadavers (2 sides) was conducted.

RESULTS(1) A total of 102 musculocutaneous perforators larger than 0.5 mm were found in 16 specimens(32 sides). 56 perforators (55%) were originated from the medial branch and 46 (45%) originated from the lateral branch. The biggest perforator is (0.82 +/- 0.11) mm (0.68 - 1.08 mm). There was an average of 1.9 perforators (range, 1 - 3 perforators) of the medial branch and an average of 1.8 perforators (range, 1 - 3 perforators) of the lateral branch. Additionally, there were 24 perforators samller than 0.5 mm, and 76 perforators originated from intercostal artery and lumbar artery. (2) Musculocutaneous perforators over 0.5 mm were found only in proximity of the medial and lateral branches within a distance of 8.5 cm (6.4 cm - 9.2 cm) distal to the neurovascular hilus.

CONCLUSIONSWith the characteristics of constant position, large caliber, long pedicle, the thoracodorsal artery musculocutaneous perforator was suitable to be musclocutaneous perforator flaps and "fan-shaped" flaps.

Adult ; Arteries ; anatomy & histology ; Back ; blood supply ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Thorax ; blood supply

Objective To study the effect of Phenobarbital (PB) on experimental rats,observe the histological changes of immature brain and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax in neurons detected by immunohistochemistry,and to explore the influence and mechanism of PB on brain damage at therapeutic levels to immature brain maturation of rat in order to provide the theoretical and experimental base for clinic.Methods A total of 40 healthy 18-day-old Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats (male or female) were randomly assigned into 2 groups:normal saline (NS) treated as control group(20 cases),PB group(20 cases).Each group was further randomly divided into longterm(4 weeks) treated group and short-term(2 weeks) treated group(10 rats in each group).The rats in PB group received intragastricadministration with PB (30 mg/kg).The rats in control group were handled by injection of NS into stomach and abdomen according to 4 mL/kg.All performances were undertaken for twice every day.At the end of the therapeutic period,body and brain weight were measured when the rats were sacrificed.Histological studies on the tissues of frontal lobes and hippocampus were performed by Hematoxylin-Eosin(HE) staining and Nissl staining.Expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax in neurons were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results There were no significant differences in body and brain weights or histological studies index among control group as well as PB group before and after treatment for short term(P ＞0.05).Remarkable reduction of brain weight was only observed in immature rats exposed to PB compared to control group for long period,and significant neurodegeneration,neuronal necrosis were observed in immature rats exposed to PB compared to control group(all P ＜ 0.01).The expression of Bax protein in the frontal lobe increased significantly in immature rats receiving PB for long period comparing with control (P＜0.01).In contrast,expression of Bcl-2 protein did not change at therapeutic level.The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was obviously increased.Conclusions Chronic treatment with PB will result in significant neuronal apoptosis and necrosis and persistent cognitive impairment and brain damage to immature rates.Brain damage of PB at therapeutic level to immature brain may be irreversible.The significant expression of Bax protein in the frontal lobe and the high rate of Bax/Bcl-2 are probably the main reasons which cause brain weight decreasing and brain damage by PB in immature brain tissue.

AIM To explore analgesic mechanism of Yaobitong Capsules (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Corydalis Rhizoma,etc.) on lumbar intervertebral discs.METHODS An array of data mining,molecular docking and network analysis were employed to investigate the active compounds and key target protein.RESULTS Among the forty-six active hits identified by virtual screening,most compounds displayed good oral bioavailability and might confer an optimal CNS exposure.And eleven molecules (coptisine,diligustilide,corypalmine,chuanxiongterpene,etc.) were further confirmed to alleviate lumbar intervertebral discs through their targeting at nineteen proteins (such as p38,CGRP,MMPs,TNFα) to inhibit the inflammatory response and the infiltration of microvasculature,to reduce the nociceptors sensitivity,and to modulate the balance of Collagen and proteoglycans in catabolic and anabolic responses.CONCLUSION Yaobitong Capsules' clear molecular working mechanism and the key active compounds are revealed by this network-assisted investigation highlight the subsequent experiments on targets and active compounds.