Total of 54 patients were diagnosed with pneumo-bronchitis using conventional and WHO 1990’s criteria. It is found that the younger the children with recurrent pneumo-bronchitis are, the more severe the status of admission is and the more rapidly the disease progresses. Clinical symptoms of patients do not depend on age. Clinical symptoms that have predictive value are cyanosis, contraction of thorax, bleeding cough, wheezing and neural dysfunction.
Respiratory Tract Diseases ; bronchitis ; pediatrics ; diagnosis

A study on 21 cases of the missing foreign body in respiratory tract caused the relapsed bronchopneumonia in 98 children admitted to the Institute of pediatry during 6/1998- 6/2000 diagnosed by the broncho-endoscopy has shown that the missing foreign body was an important and common cause of the relapsed bronchopneumonia in male children with ages of 1-5. The foreign bodies located mainly in the right broncho- alveolar, especially anterior basal branch of hyporterial bronchus. They had a less photo absorption property and usually are seeds. The clinical symptoms were long-lasting cough, productive cough, bleeding cough. The pathological respiratory sound in brochus with foreign body clearlier than this in the normal side. The organic foreign bodies cause the more severe infection and many times of relapses.
Respiratory System ; Diagnosis ; Foreign Bodies

This study was carried out on 24 children with near-drowning admitted to the Institute of Pediatric during 1/1998 - 6/2000 to find the epidemiological factors, clinical profile and common cause of pneumonia associated with near-drowning. The results have shown that most of children with near-drowning were male children with ages of 6-9 who lived in the country side and can not swim. The accidents occurred mainly during 3 months holiday. The water resources in ponds and lakes were polluted serious. The levels of pneumonia lesion associated with near-drowning was usually severe: 10/24 (42%) children suffered the respiratory impairment when admitting to hospital. The direct cause of pneumonia was negative gram microbials related with polluted water resources where children suffered from the near-drowning.
Pneumonia ; Near Drowning

Background:Respiratory infection is a disease which the incidence and mortality rank highest among children diseases under 5 years old. The reasons caused respiratory infection are virus, bacterium and parasite. H.Influenzae, St.pneumoniae and M.Cataralis are the main reason leading to respiratory infection. Objectives:This study aims to research on the efficacy of Bronchovaxom in reducing the rate of acute respiratory infection in children. Subjects and method:A descriptive, prospective and cohort study was conducted on 60 patients was used Bronchovaxom for two times with the 6 months of interval in the National Hospital for Pediatric from January 2006 to September 2007. Results:Among the first selection 60 children, 15 children stopped to participate in the study. The age ranged from 32 months to 88 months, the mean age was 55.4 months. Male was 30 (66.7%); female was 15 ( 33.3%). 100% were injected vaccination. There was a clear reduction in the incidence. The frequency of antibiotic use was also reduced. In particular, increased level of IgA in the patient's saliva following treatment with Bronchovaxom. Conclusion:There was a significantly statistical difference on the times of acute recurrentrespiratory infection in one year on the same patient before and after using Bronchovaxom.
Respiratory Tract Infections/ pathology ; therapy

Background: Flu and avian flu in humans are events in a number of countries all over the world. In Vietnam, there were some investigations on knowledge, attitude and practice for preventing flu and avian flu on several groups of the population and pharmacists in Tra Vinh province. However, there is no research for this issue in Hanoi city while the evident need for the planning of public health programs is required. Objective: To describe knowledge and identify the requirement of flu and avian flu information among pharmacists in Hanoi city. From that, some recommendations for intervention programs are proposed. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 143 pharmacists in Hanoi city with a structured questionnaire of knowledge and requirement of flu and avian flu information from October, 2007 to January, 2008. Results and Conclusion: Generally, knowledge on flu and avian flu is not yet comprehensive and sufficient. Requirement for flu and avian flu information was quite in demand, especially via television, capacity building training, having more communication materials and experience exchange workshops. Several interventions need to be directed towards: comprehensive communication on flu and avian flu to pharmacists, which aims to help them understand sufficiently and comprehensive about flu and avian flu; capacity improvement for pharmacists should pay attention to several channels such as television broadcasting communication, short-term training, disseminating relevant materials and perhaps experience exchange through seminars.
avian flu ; drug-sellers ; information needs

Background: Avian influenza (AI) is a contagious disease that causes illness and death in poultry and humans. High pathogenicity AI (HPAI) H5N6 outbreaks commonly occur in Quang Ninh province bordering China. In June 2021, the first HPAI H5N8 outbreak occurred at a Quang Ninh chicken farm. Objectives: This study examined the risk factors associated with HPAI H5N6 and H5N8 outbreaks in Quang Ninh. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted in Quang Ninh from Nov 2021 to Jan 2022. The cases were households with susceptible poultry with two or more clinical signs and tested positive by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The controls were households in the same village as the cases but did not show clinical symptoms of the disease. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess the risk factors associated with HPAI outbreaks at the household level. Results: There were 38 cases with H5N6 clade 2.3.4.4h viruses (n = 35) and H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses (n = 3). Compared to the 112 controls, raising poultry in uncovered or partially covered ponds (odds ratio [OR], 7.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–39.27), poultry traders visiting the farm (OR, 8.66; 95% CI, 2.7–27.69), farms with 50–2,000 birds (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.06–8-51), and farms with ≥ 2,000 birds (OR, 11.35; 95% CI, 3.07–41.94) were significantly associated with HPAI outbreaks. Conclusions Combining biosecurity measures, such as restricting visitor entry and vaccination in farms with more than 50 birds, can enhance the control and prevention of HPAI in Quang Ninh and its spread across borders.