2 mg/dl);the others were in the low-risk group.High-risk patients received more superselective embolization with lower dose of embolization agent and fewer numbers of procedure(1.4 vs 2.3,P

Objective To establish an appropriate animal model of brain metastases from lung cancer in nude mice by thoracic orthotopic implantation in the chest or left ventricular injection , and to serve further studies on the mechanisms of lung cancer brain metastasis .Methods PC-9 cells (1 ×106/0.1 mL) in logarithmic phase were respectively injected into 18 nude mice by orthotopic implantation in the chest or left ventricular injection ( n=9 each group ) .The statuses of nude mice were observed after implantation .Animals showing clear signs of dyscrasia were killed .At autopsy, the lung, brain, liver and kidney were removed and histological sections were stained with H /E to detect the presence of tumor cells . Results In the thoracic orthotopic implantation group , three weeks after implantation , the number 4, 6, 9 mice showed tumor nodules in the chest wall , they began to lose weight in the fourth to sixth week differently , showing signs of dyscrasia gradually , and were sacrificed at the fifth to seventh week .The thoracotomy revealed that the whole thorax was occupied by many large lung cancer masses , spreading into bilateral ribs , pleura and spinal vertebra , with scarce eroded , compressed , pale and distorted lung tissues left .Histological examination with HE staining showed the presence of neoplasms in their lung tissues but only the number 6 mouse showed metastatic lesions in the brain tissue .In the left ventricular injection group, the mice almost began to lose weight in the third week simultaneously and became moribund slowly , which were all sacrificed at the fourth week .After thoracotomy , the thoraxes were clear except the number 11 and 18 mice which appeared 2-3 tiny tumor foci in the chest wall , with normal lung tissues .Histological examination with HE staining showed the pres-ence of brain metastases in all the nine mice .The rate of brain metastases from lung cancer in the left ventricular injection group was 100%, compared with 11.1% in the thoracic orthotopic implantation group .Conclusions The establishment method of mouse model by left ventricular injection shows significantly higher rate of lung cancer brain metastases than that by thoracic orthotopic implantation .

Aged ; Back ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Melanoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; metabolism ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; secondary ; surgery

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a sodium hyaluronate-containing dressing for skin wound healing after Q-switched laser therapy.Methods Sixty-six patients with facial pigmentary disorders were enrolled in this study.After treatment with Q-switched laser,the patients were randomly and equally divided into three groups to apply a sodium hyaluronate-containing dressing,a thermal spring water-containing facial mask and a distilled water-containing facial mask respectively.The dressing or facial masks were externally applied to the face for 15 minutes once immediately after the laser therapy,then,once every night for 14 consecutive days.Inflammatory responses,such as erythema,edema and burning sensation,were measured semi-quantitatively on day 1,3,7 and 14 separately after the laser therapy.The time for skin wound healing and degree of patients' satisfaction were compared among these groups by chi-square test and rank sum test,respectively.Results The sodium hyaluronate-containing dressing and thermal spring watercontaing facial mask were superior to the distilled water-containing facial mask in the improvement of erythema,edema and burning sensation after the laser therapy (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the patients applying the thermal spring water-containg facial mask and those applying the distilled water-containing facial mask,those applying the sodium hyaluronate-containing dressing felt better,with significantly increased skin cleanliness,humidity,smoothness,confort degree and overall satisfaction (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The sodium hyaluronate-containing dressing is effective for improving acute inflammatory responses and increasing skin cleanliness,humidity and smoothness after laser therapy.

BACKGROUND:Compared with conventional medications, drug micro-capsule system can control the release of drugs and have wel target properties and biocompatibility. The drugs can be concentrated at the focus and play an important role in clinic. OBJECTIVE:To prepare dacarbazine magnetic micro-capsules with different capsule materials and gelatin complex by coacervation, and to optimize capsule materials and preparation process. METHODS:Fe 3 O 4 RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The solution complex coacervation method was better than the emulsion coacervation method. As for the solution complex coacervation method, the optimal capsule material was gelatin-sodium alginate, with drug embedding rate 37.90%, the yield rate 72.31%, and the average magnetization intensity 8.53 emu/g. The second material was gelatin-chitosan. As a capsule material, the gelatin was better than chitosan with single coagulation method. Drug embedding rate was 51.58%, the yield rate was 64.50%, and the average magnetization was 6.93 emu/g. Single coagulation method was better than coacervation method. complex coacervation, we prepared the gelatin-Arabic gum magnetic micro-capsule, gelatin-sodium alginate magnetic micro-capsules, gelatin-sodium carboxymethyl cel ulose magnetic micro-capsules, and gelatin-chitosan magnetic micro-capsules. With the emulsion complex coacervation method, we further prepared the gelatin-Arabic gum magnetic micro-capsule, gelatin-sodium alginate magnetic micro-capsules, gelatin-sodium carboxymethyl cel ulose magnetic micro-capsules, and gelatin-chitosan magnetic micro-capsules. The magnetic gelatin micro-capsules and magnetic chitosan micro-capsules were prepared with single coagulation method. The micro-capsules were determined for the embedding rate, the magnetic susceptibility, the micro-capsule size and the release performance, to define the optimal preparation technology of dacarbazine magnetic micro-capsules.

A quantitative analysis method of multi-components with a single marker (QAMS) for simultaneous determination of six marker compounds (one from phenolic acids and five from phthalides) in Chuanxiong Rhizoma was established by applying HPLC and using butylidenephthalide as the internal reference substance. And also the feasibility and accuracy of the established method for quality evaluation and application of Chuanxiong Rhizoma were investigated and validated. The analysis was performed with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile - 0.2% aqueous formic acid. The flow rate was 1.0 mL . min-1 and the column temperature was maintained at 30 °C. The detection wavelengths were set at 252 nm (for ferulic acid, Z-ligustilide, and butylidenephthalide) and 266 nm (for senkyunolide I, senkyunolide A, and coniferyl ferulate), separately, and 20 µL was injected for analysis with gradient elution. The results showed that there were no significant differences observed between the HPLC-QAMS method and the external standard method (RSD <5%). The relative correction factors were credible (RSD < 5%) in changed chromatographic conditions. The established HPLC-QAMS method can be accurately used for simultaneously evaluating and controlling the quality of Chuanxiong Rhizoma with multi-components.
4-Butyrolactone ; analogs & derivatives ; Acetonitriles ; Benzofurans ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coumaric Acids ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; standards ; Hydroxybenzoates ; Quality Control ; Rhizome ; chemistry

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate whether the presence of patchy echogenicity in the liver of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is predictive of liver stiffness. METHODS: A total of 200 CHB patients with and without patchy echogenicity of the liver were assigned to two groups, with 100 patients in each group, and 32 of them underwent liver biopsy. Additionally, 80 healthy subjects, 100 inactive HBV carriers, and 100 patients with decompensated hepatic cirrhosis were assigned to the control groups. Laboratory tests and clinical data were collected, and shear wave velocity (SWV) of the liver was measured for all 480 subjects. RESULTS: The median SWV in patients with a normal liver, inactive hepatitis B virus carriers, CHB patients with and without patchy echogenicity, and decompensated hepatic cirrhosis were 1.07 m/sec, 1.08 m/sec, 1.16 m/sec, 1.16 m/sec, and 2.02 m/sec, respectively; there was no significant difference in SWV values between CHB patients with patchy echogenicity and those without patchy echogenicity. Furthermore, among CHB patients with and without patchy echogenicity, no significant difference in SWV was found according to fibrosis stage. CONCLUSION: The presence of patchy echogenicity of the liver does not indicate a higher degree of liver stiffness.
Biopsy ; Elasticity ; Fibrosis ; Healthy Volunteers ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver ; Ultrasonography

Aim To explore whether propofol attenuates neuroinflammation and brain damage via modulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway following focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and further investigate the possible mechanisms. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats which underwent the cerebral ischemic injury by the suture occlusion model were randomly divided into sham operation, MCAO, propofol-treated and LY294002 groups. Neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarct size, and cerebral water content were measured , then the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities in rat brain were measured as an index of neutrophil infiltration. The content of TNF-α and IL-1β in blood was determined using ELISA; the expressions of p-Akt and Akt in rat brain were detected by Western blot. Results Propofol reduced neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarct size, cerebral water content, MPO activity , TNF-α and IL-1β content, which were all abolished by LY294002. Propofol up-regulated the expression of p-Akt, which was inhibited by LY294002. Conclusion Propofol attenuates neuroinflammation and ischemic brain damage via modulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for detecting the fingerprint of Radix Astragali by RRLC-UV-MS.

METHODSeparation was performed on an Agilent Zorbax Extend C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.8 microm). Gradient elution was performed by the mobile phases consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid with the flow rate of 0.3 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm, and the column temperature was 30 degrees C.

RESULTThe method of fingerprint analysis on Radix Astragali by RRLC-UV-MS was established. Eleven samples of Radix Astragali were analyzed, the similarities were over 0.92, and seven peaks in the fingerprint were designated.

CONCLUSIONThe method can be applied to the quality control and studies on chemical constituents of Radix Astragali.

Astragalus Plant ; chemistry ; Benzoates ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate the nephrotoxic effects of methyl cantharidimide tablets on urinary protein and enzymes in Beagle dogs.

METHODBeagle dogs were randomly divided into negative control group(blank tablet), methyl cantharidimide tablets group (6.11,12.21, 24.42 mg x kg(-1)), continuously 30 days of oral adminiStration, once a day. The drug and control group were collected and determined fresh urine in 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks of the administration; Serum urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Crea), total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) as well as sodium, potassium, chloride electrolyte were determined on 15 and 30 days of the administration; Urine albumin (mAlb), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin( NGAL), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), clusterin, beta2-microglobulin (beta2-MG), alpha1-microglobulin (alpha1-MG), alanine aminopeptidase( AAP) and im- munoglobulins IgG were tested on 15 and 30 days of the administration.

RESULTCompared with the control group, urine protein and white blood cells was significantly increased in each dose group. On 15 days of the administration, mAlb were higher in each dose group, KIM-1, NGAL, clusterin, NAG and AAP were significantly higher in high-dose group, while the middle and low dose group had no significant difference, as well as blood SCr and BUN no obvious abnormalities. On 30 days, mAlb, KIM-1, clusterin, NAG, AAP were increased in each dose group, appearing dose-effect relationship, beta2-MG and NGAL levels were significantly increased in high-dose group. Contents above indicators were increased with significant dose and time relationship, and serum BUN, Scr were correlated, suggesting that urine mAlb, KIM-1, clusterin, NAG and AAP indicators that can sensitively respond the changes of proteins and enzymes in urine.

CONCLUSIONMethyl cantharidimide tablets has a renal toxicity, urine mAlb, KIM-1, clusterin, NAG and AAP can be used as the early nephrotoxic biomarkers of methyl cantharidimide tablets.

Animals ; Biomarkers ; urine ; Dogs ; Female ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Kidney Diseases ; chemically induced ; Male ; Proteins ; metabolism ; Tablets ; adverse effects ; Urine ; chemistry