Traditional immunological strategy which largely based on antigen-antibody techniques such as CA153,cytokeratin CK8/18/19,is still the main diagnostic biomarkers for breast cancer.Molecular biology markers such as BRCA1/2 and HER2 are becoming popular and hot.This article summarizes recent progress of breast cancer diagnosis based on nucleic acid related strategies such as circulating DNA,miRNAs,aptamers and circulating tumor cells.

Cytogenetics ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; genetics

Objective To explore the relationship between leadership of head nurses and nurse job satisfaction. Methods By generalized stratified sampling, 207 nurses who were in accordance with the inclusion were selected from 2 hospitals in China. To evaluate leadership of head nurses that selected nurses perceived and the status of their job satisfaction, they were asked to complete a questionnaire consisting of transactional subscale and transformational subscale of MLQ, and job satisfaction measurement scale. Results Head nurses were more frequently to be transactional than transformational, and frequencies between the two kinds of leadership that head nurses showed had significant difference. Regarding job satisfaction, nurses had the highest score in colleague and the lowest score in payment. transformational leadership was one of the influential factors on nurse job satisfaction, and were positively correlated with the overall nurse job satisfaction, satisfaction with leaders, satisfaction with communication. Conclusions Head nurses can improve nurse job satisfaction by being more transformational.

Using metnod of literature metrology, an analysis of papers citations in "Chinese Journal of Marine Drugs" from 1989 to 1993 was done. During the period there were altogether outgoing papers 181,papers citations 1301. The average values were each paper citations 7. 98. Among the rate of self-citation was 12. 76%. In the all citation, periodical 65. 1% ,books 27. 6% ,others 7. 3%. The languages ditiributions:Chinese 65. 72%, English 28. 13%,Japanese 5. 07%,Russian 0. 08%. The use rate of literature,Chinese 83. 27% ,and Foreign 45. 74% ,during the past 10 years. Papers citatians indicate that the marine drugs science workers of China can absorb consciously the information on science and technology of marine drugs.

AIM To explore the protection effect of Blood-Replenishing Capsule (BRC) on hypoxic animals in order to lower the rate of altitude stress. METHODS Comparison of BRC on survival time of mice under ordinary pressure and chemical hypoxia were observed and the oxygen consumption was measured. RESULTS BRC-obviously prolonged the survival time of hypoxic mice, reduced the oxygen consumption and increased the hemoglobin (Hb) content in the bloods.Mouse brain's SOD was obviously higher and MDA concetration remarkable lower in BRC groups than those in control groups. CONCLUSION BRC shows remarkable effect on hypoxia tolerance in mice.

BACKGROUND:The mesh size used for herniorrhaphy mainly depends on clinicians' experience, which is less reliable. OBJECTIVE:To obtain the mesh size by measuring the posterior wall of inguinal hernia in Chinese adult men undergoing Rutkow surgery, and to assess the postoperative effect. METHODS:The posterior wall size of inguinal hernia in 180 Chinese adult male patients undergoing tension-free hernioplasty was measured, and then the optical mesh size was calculated. All patients were equivalently randomized into two groups, followed by subjected to Rutkow surgery according the calculated mesh size (experimental group) or subjective size (control group). Clinical indexes, the incidence of complications and recurrence rate were compared between groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The distance of pubic tubercle to internal oblique inguinal ligament starting point was (6.03±0.58) cm;the vertical distance of the highest point on the edge of the arcuate to inguinal ligament was (3.02±0.32) cm;therefore, the length of mesh should be larger than (13.04±0.74) cm, and width larger than (5.88±0.52) cm. The time of off-bed, dieting and hospitalization in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group (P<0.05);the time of operation and recovery of normal activities showed no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). The rates of postoperative complication and recurrence in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). These results suggest that after measuring the posterior wall size of inguinal hernia, the Rutkow used for inguinal hernia repair, obtains desired treatment outcomes with low incidence of complications and recurrence.

Objective To perform fetal karyotyping by percutaneous umbilical blood sampling guided by color Doppler ultrasonography in fetuses with congenital cardiac anomalies. Methods Fetal blood samples obtained by color Doppler ultrasound-guided cordocentesis in 56 fetuses with cardiac abnormalities detected by fetal echocardiography were taken for karyotyping.Fetuses were monitored post operation. Results The procedures were successfully performed in all cases and no procedure-related complications occurred.Six cases with abnormal karyotypes, 1 trisomy 21,2 trisomy 18,1 trisomy 13,1 trisomy AO and 1 cases 47XYY were identified and pre-operation ultrasonography detected multiple system anomalies besides cardiac anomalies in them. Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasonography facilitated percutaneous umbilical blood sampling by clear umbilical vein imaging and shortening the operation time.Abnormal karyotypes in fetuses with cardiac anomalies seemed to be related with multiple system anomalies.

Objective To investigate the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in sinusoidal capillarization in liver cirrhotic rats. Methods The SD rats were intraperitoneally injected with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) twice a week for 8 weeks to induce liver cirrhosis. The rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group (n= 10), model control group (n= 15) and rofecoxib treated group (received 10 mg/kg of rofecoxib daily, n = 15). Liver histopathology was examined by light microscopy, and sinusoidal ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the level of basement membrane proteins (collagen type Ⅳ, laminin) and their localizations in liver were determined by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively, and the microvessel density was detected following vWF (yon Willebrand factor) immunolabeling on liver tissue sections. Results Fibrotic areas were reduced in rofecoxib treated group compared with that in model group (30.7±8.9 vs 23.5±6.5,P<0. 05). The light and electron microscopy showed that the pathologic changes including loss or reduction in number of sinusoidal endothelial fenestrate, the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the Disse's space and development of subendothelial basal lamina (basement membrane formation) were more severe in model group than those in rofecoxib treated group. Compared with model group, administration of rofecoxib resulted in significant decrease in microvessel density (11.3 ± 1.6 vs. 6.4 ±0. 7, P<0. 01). Rofecoxib could significantly decrease the expression of type Ⅳ collagen and laminin at protein levels (3.0±0.5 and 3.0±0.5, respectively) when compared with model group (3.8±0.4 and 3.7±0. 5, respectively). Conclusion The results indicate that early administration of rofecoxib may reduce sinusoidal capillarization.

BACKGROUND: Benzo[a]pyrene injures central and peripheral nerves at a certain degree. The study is at an initial phase concerning to the neurotoxicity of benzo[a]pyrene allied with other toxic objects.OBJECTIVE: Molecular biological technique integrated with neuron culture were applied in the study of benzo[a]pyrene and lead applied separately or in combination on neurotoxicity and nuclear DNA damage in vitro.DESIGN: Repeated measure.SETTING: Teaching-Research Room of Labor and Hygiene of Chongqing Medical University and Laboratory of Thermobiology and Molecular Toxicology of Occupation Medical Institute of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Laboratory of Thermobiology and Molecular Toxicology of Occupation Medical Institute of Tongji Medical College ofHuazhong University of Science and Technology from June to September 2003. Ten SD rats of 8-day old were employed and their brain tissues were prepared as primary cell culture object, which were divided into 10 culture groups, 5 culture dishes in each group. The managements were as follows in each group: [1] blank control; [2] solvent control[parallel management with equivalent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) +liver microsome enzyme]; [3] lead group of low concentration (acetic lead 5 μmol/L) (No. 1 group); [4] lead group of high concentration (acetic lead 50 μmol/L) (No. 2 group); [5] benzo[a]pyrene group of low concentration (benzo[a]pyrene 5 μmol/L + liver microsome enzym) (No. 3 group); [6]benzo[a]pyrene group of high concentration (benzo[a]pyrene 50 μmol/L +liver microsome enzym) (No. 4 group); [7] lead of low concentration +benzo[a]pyrene of low concentration group (No. 5 group); [8] lead of low concentration + benzo[a]pyrene of high concentration group (No. 6 group);[9] lead of high concentration + benzo[a]pyrene of low concentration group (No.7 group); [10] lead of high concentration + benzo[a]pyrene of high concentration group (No. 8 group).METHODS: After stained poisoning for 90 minutes, trypsin digestion method was used for sample collection and trypan blue staining method was applied to assay cell survival rate in each group. Single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) was used to determine the damage of nuclear DNA in each group.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Neuronal survival rate and damage rate of nuclear DNA in poisoning with benzo[a]pyrene and lead either in separation or in combination.RESULTS: [1] Cell survival rates in various groups poisoned with benzo [a]pyrene and lead of two concentrations either in separation or combination were lower than the controls [poisoning group (44.14±4.80)% to(82.40±2.70)%, the controls (88.44±2.53)% to ( 90.12±2.23)%, P ＜ 0.05to 0.01]. [2] Degrees of nuclear DNA damage in single poisoning group with benzo[a]pyrene of high concentration, lead of low concentration + benzo[a]pyrene of high concentration, lead of high concentration + benzo[a]-pyrene of low concentration and lead of high concentration + benzo[a]pyrene of high concentration were higher than the controls [63% (19/30), 87%(26/30), 80% (24/30), 97% (29/30), 13% (4/30), 20% (6/30), P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: Both benzo[a]pyrene and lead present neurotoxicity in vitro and coordinate with each other. The damage of benzo[a]pyrene is worse than lead in neuronal nuclear DNA cultured in vitro.

BACKGROUND: Benzo[a] pyrene(BaP) is kind of polyaromatic hydrocarbon which is a chemical pollutant extensively existing in living and productive environments. It is found overseas that it has neurotoxic effects under certain conditions.OBJECTIVE: To study the neurotoxicity of BaP and its effects on expression of two heat stress proteins(HSPs) HSP70 and HSP90β in brain tissue of mice.DESIGN: Randomized case control study of experimental animals.SETTING: Laboratory of thermobiology and molecular toxicology of a unversity, department of preventive medicine of a university.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Thermobiology and Molecular Toxicity Laboratory, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong Science and Technology University. Fifty male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with each of 10 mice including 3 administrated groups, 1 vehicle group and 1 control group. All mice in 3 exposed groups were intraperitoneally administrated BaP dissolved in corn oil at dose levels of 7.8mg/kg, 3.2 mg/kg and 1.3 mg/kg respectively for four times per week. The mice in vehicle group received an equal volume of com oil and the mice in control group received no additional treatment.METHODS: The signs of neurotoxicity in each group were examined and recorded during the administration. At the end of 8-week administration, the brains were excised to calculate brain tissue organ coefficient. Western blot method was used to assay the HSP70 and HSP90β.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of BaP on HSP70 and HSP90βin brain tissue of mice.Bap exposure groups was much lower than that of control group( P ＜ 0. 01,P ＜ 0. 001 ) while the organ coefficient of high dose group was much of HSP70 was characterized by greatly increased expression in low dose group while the relative expression of HSP90β was increased in middle and high dose groups.CONCLUSION: BaP has certain neurotoxic effects. With the increase of toxic dose, the expression of HSP90β increases which can be used as signal of toxic damage under certain conditions.