Objective To discuss the value of detection of Pre S1 antigen(Pre-S1 Ag) of hepatitis B virus. Methods ELISA was used to detect Pre-S1 Ag and HBeAg in serum from 854 HBsAg-positive persons in medical ex-amination who have no symptom. In addition, Pre-S1Ag in serum from 300 random samples of HBsAg-negative persons were detected in medical examination. Results Pre-S1Ag positive rate was 41.1% (351/854) in 854 samples with HBsAg(+) ,and HBeAg positive rate was 26.6% (227/854) in them. Pre-S1 Ag positive rate was 79.7% (181/227) in HBeAg(+) group but was 27.1% (170/627) in HBeAg(-) group. Pre-S1 Ag wasn't detected in 300 samples with HBsAg(-). Conclusions In HBsAg-positive samples who have no symptom,the detection rate of Pre-SIAg is higher than that of HBeAg. Pre-Sl Ag can reflect duplication and infectivity of HBV better than HBeAg and it has more value to epidemiology investigation and clinical diagnosis than the latter.

On the basis of summing up the relative works of Japanese journals,this article emphasized introducing the Japanese Kampo Medicine schools,the actuality of Japanese Kampo Medicine clinical researches and the outlook of the Kampo Medicine.This article aimed at making clinicians and researchers understand the form of Japanese Kampo Medichue and thinking method of Japanese Kampo Medicine school,hoping to provide reference for clinical treatment and research.

BACKGROUND: Root resorption is the treatment of malocclusion deformity correction in a common adverse reaction, and associated factors can be divided into biological and mechanical factors.OBJECTIVE: To explore the biological and mechanical factors of the root resorption caused by orthodontic treatment, so as to reduce the treatment risks.METHODS: With key words "root resorption, biomechanics", a computer-based online search of PubMed database (1990-01/2009-05) and CNKI database (1990-01/2009-05) was performed for articles published in English and Chinese. Root resorption in Levander & Malmgren rating system was used as the evaluation index. The orthodontic treatment-related content was included, and other aspects of research were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 72 articles were collected, and according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 were included for analysis. Root resorption is a common phenomenon associated with orthodontic treatment, The factors relevant to root resorption can be divided into biological and mechanical factors, which are associated with an increased or decreased risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic therapy of patients with increased risk of root resorption should be carefully planned. Medical history, medication intake, family history, tooth and root morphology, oral health and habits must be considerate. The standard procedure to monitor apical root resorption is a radiographic examination after 6 months of treatment. In teeth with enhanced risk, a 3-month radiographic follow-up is recommended. The use of anti-inflammatory drugs might suppress root resorption induced by orthodontic therapy, although no study is conclusive enough to indicate a protocol for patients with enhanced dsk. In the event of multiple external root resorption, the diagnostic procedure should focus on the exclusion of the local factors and its associations (such as magnitude, duration and type of orthodontic force, periodontal disease, root form) that might lead to external root resorption. Systemic disorders associated with phosphorus-calcium metabolic alterations are also suspected.Orthodontic treatment may cause a certain degree of root resorption, especially in patients with high-risk factors, but this risk can be minimized by the control of force and the close monitor of treatment process.

A comparison study was carried out on 1,242 medical records of pharyngolaryngeal disease among pediatric inpatients with ages of 1 -15 in Hue Central Hospital and 2852 medical records of pharyngolaryngeal diseases among pediatric inpatients with the same ages in Aue hospital, West Germany. Results showed that the pharyngolaryngeal diseases were leading diseases among diseases of ear, nose and pharynx in both hospitals. The rate of these diseases treated by operation in Aue hospital was higher than this in Hue hospital. There was difference of the morbidity rate between age groups. The rate of treatment of infection disease and infections complication in Hue hospital was higher than this in Aue hospital. The Aue hospital considered in prophylactic operation, diagnosis and rehabitation better than Hue hospital. There was no death in Aue hospital while there were 6 deaths in Hue hospital.
Laryngeal Diseases ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; Child

Study on 168 cases of traumas in the ear, nose and throat in Hue hospital during 1997-1998 has shown that the traumas occurred in all ages of which sinonasal traumas, ear traumas. The trauma due to traffic accidents, due to the accomodation and due to the working. The traumas in the ear, nose and throat usually combined with traumas in other regions
Wounds and Injuries ; Pharynx ; ear ; nose

The retrospective study on the quality of malarial diagnosis and treatment in 4 district hospitals of Dac Lac province in 2001. Quality of malarial diagnosis: 100% patients tested for malaria, the positive slide rate was 58.3%, of which 93.1% with P.falciparum infected. Cases defination of WHO to confirm malaria diagnosis was not applied. There were 4 types of malaria diagnosis: malaria 26.8%, clinical malaria 28.8%, P.falciparum malaria 37.5% and severe malaria cases 6.0%. Quality of treatment: there were 8 treatment schedules used, of which 7 schedules were used for treatment of P.falciparum infection. More than 70% of the patients received treatment schedule with artemisinin derivatives and 66.6%-80% of them received full dose of treatment. The average time of treatment course was 2.5-4.5% days
Malaria ; Retrospective Studies ; disease ; diagnosis ; Therapeutics ;

Huong Hoa district of Quang Tri province is a high morbidity of malaria area, with 24% increased malaria cases than the same period of 2002. Due to: the mainly detection and treatment are passive methods, are not involved in commune and village health services. Protection method: 100% households were routinely protected by insecticide (house spraying or bednet impregnation), however, the local people were not alert to malaria can not prevent the contact betweens mosquito and people. The number of malaria cases in first 5 months of 2003 have been found to be increased compared to the same period of 2002. The number of cases in May has got higher than that in April
Malaria ; Disease ; Solutions ; epidemiology

In recent years, although 2 technical measures (detection, treatment and vector control) were taken regularly and periodically for malaria control in Huong Hoa district, Quang Tri province, their effectiveness still weren’t satisfied, the positive slide rate was 6.9% during early 9 months of 2002 and 12.6% in 2003. The diversification of malaria endemicity: migration of population (exchanges, business, travel), habits of working and overnight in the forest, new settled dwellers, multiple species of vector… were affected interventional measures, so it was difficult to control effectively by primary health systems
malaria ; disease ; epidemiology ; Weights and Measures

Although the morbidity was sharply reduced in the last few years with the prevalence per 1000 population of 7.02%o in 1999, 4.37 %o in 2000…and the rate of population was protected by insecticide remained annual. The rate of population was protected by insecticide/population of malaria area was 58.6%o in 1999, 86.3%o in 2000. However, malaria has been increased by 31.6% during the first 9 months of 2003 as compared to 2002. Positive slide rate increased by 47% and parasite positive per patients increased by 64%. It is suggested that the activities for roll back malaria in the recent years have not been effective enough in accordance to the planned targets. It can also be attributable to the way of life of high risk groups such as swidden field sleeping, uncontrolled migration, the unsatisfactory coverage of insecticide protected people and poor management by local health
Malaria ; Insecticides ; diagnosis ; epidemiology

4189 persons in Phu Vang – Hue were enrolled in an inquiry on health and morbidity. Results showed that ear diseases account for 6.1%, among them media otitis trended to increase with children age; deaf and dumb 0.2%, dull 0.1%. In the right ear and left ear the incidence of media otitis was similar. Hearing capacity was less sensitive if it has media otitis of both sides. In children, extern otitis was preponderant, while in adult the main problems were buzzed ear, hearing loss, drum membrane perforation, mainly in the centre, then in ¼ infero anterior and ¼ posterioinferior, chronic media otitis 97.75%, acute 2.25%. About ¾ cases of media otitis lost hearing capacity, 28.5% had not been treated, 31.1% treated in commune health station, 25% in private physician office, 25.2% self treated at home, 18.7% in district and provincial hospital. In > 3 children family group, 81.6% and in > 5 children family group, 46.2% had media otitis
Otitis ; Otitis Media ; Diseases ; epidemiology ; diagnosis