Aim: The effects of or al orenteral administration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on suppression of the immune function induced by postoperative chemo-radiation therapy in patients with esophageal cancer were studied.Methods: Thirteen patients received TPN, including Intralipid, from 1 week before the operation until 2 weeks after the operation and were then switched to enteral feeding containing 17.5% MCT and 7.5% safflower oil. EPA methyl esther was administered orally at a dose of 1.8g/day with the parenteral or the enteral diet to the “EPA” group (n=5) from 1 week before the operation until discharge. EPA was not given to the “Control” group (n=8). PHA-and ConA-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, NK activity, and total lymphocyte and T cell counts were measured on admission as well as in the 3rd, 7th, and 10th postoperative weeks. Starting after 3 to 4 postoperative weeks, postoperative chemoradiation therapy (CBDCA 30mg/day, 5-FU 250mg/day, radiation 1.8Gy/day) was performed for 5 consective day each week for 4 to 5 weeks.Results: Both ConA-and PHA-stimmulated lymphocyte proliferation decreased significantly on the 10th postoperative day in both groups. Improvement in cell-mediated immune function in the 3rd postoperative week was marked in the “EPA” group (p<0.01 in PHA and p<0.02 in ConA) when compared to the “Control” group. Improvement in lymphocyte proliferation was higher in the “EPA” group followong the completion of chemoradiation therapy (p<0.005 “EPA” vs. “Contro” in ConA after 10 weeks). NK activity was also higher in the “EPA” group following the completion of chemoradiation therapy (p<0.004 “EPA” vs. “Control” after 10 weeks). There were no significant differences, however, in WBC, total lymphocyte count, and T cell count.Conclusion: The results suggest that enteral/oral EPA reduced immunosuppression induced by postoperative chemo-radiation therapy in patients who underwent an operation for esophageal cancer.
week ; Postoperative Period ; Therapeutic procedure ; Malignant neoplasm of esophagus ; /day

This study was intended to examine the specific nature and an aerobic value of jumping jacks (Fig. 1) which has a greater movement in shoulders and is easy to perform in standing position without specific skill and equipment and in also a narrow place.
Individual's self-selected (free) tempo in jumping jacks was determined for 92 subjects by administering it for 5 minutes.
The optimal tempo was obtained from measuring energy expenditures on two subjects when they performed five minutes of jumping jacks at each tempo of 50, 60 and 70 times/min and also at one's free tempo. Exercise intensity of jumping jacks as a general endurance activity was determined from energy expenditures and % Vo₂2max of 9 subjects who performed 5 minutes of jumping jacks at 60 times/min. Training effect of jumping jacks was examined on the basis of the changes in Vo₂max and heart rate (jumping jacks at 60 times/min for 3 min) before and after one month of training on 7 subjects who participated 180 jumping jacks at free tempo a day, averagely 6.3 times a week. Subjects were all college male students aged between 18 and 22. Followings are the results obtained in this study.
1) Individual's self-selected (free) tempo in jumping jacks was about 60 times/min.
2) The optimal tempo in jumping jacks determined on the basis of energy expenditure was also about 60 times/min.
3) Oxygen requirement and RMR at the optimal tempo (60 times/min) in jumping jacks were 40.9 ml/kg/min and 12.3, respectively. Percent Vo₂max, Oxygen requirement and RMR in jumping jacks was smaller for persons who have greater Vo₂max/body weight.
4) One month of training by jumping jacks demonstrated significant increases in Vo₂max and Vo₂max/body weight, which were 2.59 to 2.751/min (p<0.01) and 43.5 to 46.1 ml/kg/min (p<0.05), respectively. Significant decreases in heart rate were also observed during and recovery after the exercise.
5) From above results, jumping jacks could be used as an effective general endurance exercise, provided that some necessary modifications should be made according to each individual's fitness level.

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively evaluate relative enhancement (RE) in the hepatobiliary phase of gadoxetic acid disodium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging as a preoperative estimation of future remnant liver (FRL) function in a patients who underwent portal vein embolization (PVE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 53 patients, the correlation between the indocyanine green clearance (ICG-K) and RE imaging was analyzed before hepatectomy (first analysis). Twenty-three of the 53 patients underwent PVE followed by a repeat RE imaging and ICG test before an extended hepatectomy and their results were further analyzed (second analysis). Whole liver function and FRL function were calculated on the MR imaging as follows: RE x total liver volume (RE Index) and FRL-RE x FRL volume (Rem RE Index), respectively. Regarding clinical outcome, posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) was evaluated in patients undergoing PVE. RESULTS: Indocyanine green clearance correlated with the RE Index (r = 0.365, p = 0.007), and ICG-K of FRL (ICG-Krem) strongly correlated with the Rem RE Index (r = 0.738, p < 0.001) in the first analysis. Both the ICG-Krem and the Rem RE Index were significantly correlated after PVE (r = 0.508, p = 0.013) at the second analysis. The rate of improvement of the Rem RE Index from before PVE to after PVE was significantly higher than that of ICG-Krem (p = 0.014). Patients with PHLF had a significantly lower Rem RE Index than patients without PHLF (p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: Relative enhancement imaging can be used to estimate FRL function after PVE.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*methods ; Female ; *Gadolinium DTPA ; Hepatectomy/methods ; Humans ; Indocyanine Green/pharmacokinetics ; Liver/*pathology/surgery ; Liver Neoplasms/*surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein/pathology ; Regression Analysis ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome