The Jones criteria is a clinical guideline for the diagnosis of rheumatic fever(RF) and carditis. The clinical features were divided into major and minor categories. Major manifestations include carditis, joint symptoms, subcutaneous nodules, erythema marginatum and chorea. The minor manifestations comprised clinical fi ndings(fever, artralgia, cardialgia,abdominal pain, nose bleeding ) and laboratory markers(Leukocytosis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, prolonged PR on ECG). It was proposed that the presence of two major, or one major and two minor manifestations offered reasonable clinical evidence of rheumatic activity.Carditis is the single most important prognostic factor in RF; only valvulitis leads to permanent damage and its presence determines the prophylactic strategy. The clinical diagnosis of carditis in an index attack of RF is based on the presence of signifi cant murmurs (suggestive of mitral and aortic regurgitation), pericardial rub, or unexplained cardiomegaly with congestive heart failure.Myocarditis(alone) in the absence of valvulitis is unlikely to be of rheumatic origin and by itself should not be used as a basis for such a diagnosis. Two dimentional echo-Doppler and colour fl ow Doppler echocardiography are most sensitive for detecting structural abnormality, abnormal blood fl ow and valvular regurgitation. This method can detect all audible valvular regurgitations to be dThe use of 2D echo-Doppler and colour fl ow Doppler echocardiography may prevent the overdaignosis of a functional murmur as a valvular heart disease. Similarly, the overinterpretation of physiological or trivial valvular regurgitation may result in misdiagnosis of iatrogenic valvular disease. Accurate interpretation of the echocardiographic signals is therefore important.