WHO informed that across world an average of 565 young people aged 10 to 29 die every day through interpersonal violence. Some studies mentioned that anxiety was most frequently occurred as one of the psychological consequences among victims of child abuse. Recent research on effects of adverse early life experiences on central nervous system as stress systems (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis-HPA) has provided a greater understanding of the link between childhood abuse and susceptibility to anxiety disorder. Therefore, this research was done to study anxiety among abused adolescents, some physical parameters and level of cortisol in saliva. There were selected 20 abused children and 40 non abused children aged between 11-16 years old and lived in Ulaanbaatar city. The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1997) is a 38-item self-report questionnaire that assesses multiple symptoms of childhood anxiety disorders based on current diagnostic criteria. All participants were measured the cortisol in the saliva by Cortisol ELISA kit, Sigma, Average age of all subjects in the study was 13.52±1.57 and 59% of them were female and 41% were male. All anxiety symptoms of case group was statistically significance higher (p<0.01) than control group. The average amount of salivary cortisol of case group was (18.65±7.08) statistically significantly lower (p<0.01) than average amount of control group (32.15±20.99). Anxiety was more frequently occurred among abused children and blunted cortisol responses might indicate a level of impaired HPA functioning that could constitute a vulnerability to psychopathology with exposure to anxiety.

WHO informed that across world an average of 565 young people aged 10 to 29 die every day through interpersonal violence. Some studies mentioned that anxiety was most frequently occurred as one of the psychological consequences among victims of child abuse. Recent research on effects of adverse early life experiences on central nervous system as stress systems (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis-HPA) has provided a greater understanding of the link between childhood abuse and susceptibility to anxiety disorder. Therefore, this research was done to study anxiety among abused adolescents, some physical parameters and level of cortisol in saliva.There were selected 20 abused children and 40 non abused children aged between 11-16 years old and lived in Ulaanbaatar city. The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1997) is a 38-item self-report questionnaire that assesses multiple symptoms of childhood anxiety disorders based on current diagnostic criteria. All participants were measured the cortisol in the saliva by Cortisol ELISA kit, Sigma, Average age of all subjects in the study was 13.52±1.57 and 59% of them were female and 41% were male. All anxiety symptoms of case group was statistically significance higher (p<0.01) than control group. The average amount of salivary cortisol of case group was (18.65±7.08) statistically significantly lower (p<0.01) than average amount of control group (32.15±20.99).Anxiety was more frequently occurred among abused children and blunted cortisol responses might indicate a level of impaired HPA functioning that could constitute a vulnerability to psychopathology with exposure to anxiety.

BackgroundTraditional Mongolian Medicine has a history of over 5000 years. Scientific development of TM hasstarted in 1959. Since 1999 Mongolia was categorized by WHO as a country having an Integrativesystem of TM- officially recognized and incorporated into all areas of health care provision, TMMresearch has been following key objectives of National R&D programs.AimIn order to assess the situation of TMM development we have conducted this study based on last10 years’ research done.Ìaterial and MethodsDocument study- we have selected key TMM’s R&D project implementers’ archive and humanresources documents.Descriptive and Analytic methods- a survey of 32 questions evaluating participation of TMMprofessionals in R&D work were conducted. Also, to clarify the point of view about TMM’s R&D6 focus group meetings with different level participants, such as professional committee, policymakers and research workers as well as health care providers, were organized.ResultsFrom 2004-2013, there are 28 projects implemented on TMM, 43% accomplished by TMMRTC,32.8% of which is resulting in raw materials standardization and technology study, related clinicalstudies standing 20% out of all studies done on TMM matter. These numbers are confirmed bysurvey and focus group interviews, more than 50% of participants willing to conduct a clinical studyand expressing difficulties such as lack of knowledge of methodology, policy support and revenue.Conclusions:1. TMM R&D has a potential growth due to human resources capacity. Practitioners are leastinvolved in R&D, due to lack of knowledge of methodology and revenue.2. There were 28 projects implemented on TMM matter, most of these are basic studies, fewerclinical studies done, resulting in pharmacopeia monographs and technological guidelines.

Goal: Research impact of “Sharkh - 2” preparation on pathological model of burning wound which was formed on experimental animal. Material and methods of the research: The experiment and research was made on pathological model of burning wound of 45 rats of Vistar breed on the basis of lab and material base of Institute of Traditional Medicine of School of Medicine, University of Medical Science, University of Medical Science in Huhhot city in Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, National Corporation of Technology and Production of Traditional Medicine and “Sharkh - 2” preparation was applied by thin layer once on wound. Result: Wound area was decreased by 9.5% in control group in the 14th day and by 38.5% n the 28th day. In comparing group of “Sharkh - 2” with control group, there was not invisible and considerable result in the seventh day of the exerpeiment. But in “Sharkh-2” preparation, wound area decreased by 7.7% in the 14th day and by 62.9% in the 28th day. In comparison with control group, leukocyte of animals which used “Sharkh -2” preparation is less by 12.1% in the 7th day of the experiment, by 28.1% in the 14th day, 38.2% in the 28th day, sedimentation speed of red cell is less by 8.2% in the 7th day, by 12.3% in the 14th day and by 31% in the 28th day and TNF- α is not considerable I the 7th day of the experiment, 10.4% in the 14th day and by 13% in the 28th day. Conclusion: “Sharkh - 2” preparation which was extracted from raw materials of traditional medicine as Pulsatilla flavescens and Rosa aciccularis has impact to improve cure of burning wound of experimental animals.

Background: From the perspective of Mongolian medicine, hemorrhagic disease is a symptom of bleeding from any part of the body. This disease was compared to the immune thrombocytopenia disease of modern medicine. The treatment of this disease using two medical methods and the prevention of complications and relapses are issues facing the healthcare sector. In this regard, we have chosen this topic to clarify and prove the mechanism of action of the Mongolian drug Gurgem-8, which is widely used to treat bleeding disorders. Aim: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Gurgem-8, in haemostatic treatment. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a randomized, controlled (active), open label, single centered clinical trial method. The study was conducted in two phases. First, an acute toxicity study of the Gurgem-8, was conducted in accordance with OECD guideline 423 and evaluated according to GHS classification. A chronic toxicity study was also conducted on Wistar rats (n=20) given the Gurgem-8, at doses of 500 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg daily for 60 days. Second, a clinical study was conducted on a total of 74 patients, who were randomly divided into 2 groups. The treatment group was given 3 grams of the Gurgem-8, daily, and the comparison group was given 4 capsules of Sheng Xue Xiao Ban Jiao Nang 3 times a day. The results were determined by laboratory methods. The study was conducted with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of Mongolian National University od Medical Sciences (2024.01.19 №2024/3-01). Results: In the acute toxicity study, Turmeric-8 was found to be of low toxicity according to the GHS classification. No mortality was observed in the chronic toxicity test. As a result of the clinical study, there were significant differences in the blood hemoglobin (χ2=73.923, P<0.001), platelet (χ2=62.465, P<0.001), erythrocyte (χ2=77.113, P<0.001) and leukocyte (χ2=14.771, P<0.001) cell counts between the Gurgem-8, drug group and the comparison group. It was also determined that the platelet (χ2=138.3, P<0.001), erythrocyte (χ2=85.405, P<0.001) and leukocyte (χ2=10.961, P=0.027) cell counts were directly related to the treatment period and the group. When determining the effect on immune cells, there was no significant difference in the lymphocyte cell content before and after treatment (CD4+: t=0.233, P=0.817; CD8+: t=-0.264, P=0.793; CD4/CD8:Z=-0.119, P=0.905). However, the CD4/CD8 ratio was statistically significantly increased in each of the Gurgem-8, drug group and the comparison group (P<0.001, P=0.001). Conclusion In immune thrombocytopenia diseases, the Gurgem-8, has the effect of reducing hemoglobin levels in the blood, increasing platelet counts, reducing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, and increasing the CD4/CD8 ratio.

Many plants have been used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in traditional system of medicine and in other ancient systems of the world. Out of these only a few have been evaluated as per modern system of medicine. From many such plants only extracts have been prepared and their usefulness evaluated in experimental diabetes in animals. In some plants like extract Antidiabetes-3 (Cynarascolymus L,DasiphorafruticosaRydb. L,Tribulusterrestris) active hypoglycemic principles have been isolated and their mechanism of action studied. Most of them seem to act directly on in vitro assays to glucose uptake effects in normal and disiese human blood. Some have extra pancreatic effect also by acting directly on tissues like liver, muscle etc. and alter favourably the activities of the regulatory enzymes of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and other pathways. Since the plant products have less side effects, they have the potential as good hypoglycemic drugs. They may also provide clues for the development of new and better oral drugs for diabetes. We have compared the in PBS of normal and disiese human blood, proves the glucose uptake effect of the Antidiabetes-3 preparation.

Preparation of the water Extract from Antidiabet-31:10 was suspended in distilled water (100 mL) and allowed to stand at 4◦C. It was then filtered through several layers of muslin cloth and filtrate (water extract) was discarded Male Shinshila rabbits, weighing 1.5–2.7 kg, were rendered diabetic with an injection of 100 mg/kg alloxan monohydrate into a marginal ear vein. To reduce risk of nephrotoxicity from hyperuricemia, a 7 ml/kg body wt intravenous injection of 0.9% saline was given immediately after the injection ofalloxan. To counteract initial hypoglycemia, 3.5– 4.0 g glucose/kg body wt was given subcutaneously [27.5% (wt/vol) solution] 5– 6 h after the injection of alloxan. Diabetes was defined by a blood glucose concentration 16.9 mmol/l on 1 day. The total number of rabbits used was 28. Plasma was obtained by centrifugation of blood glucose, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), cholesterol,triglycerides (TG), ‘’Humylazer 2000’’ chemistry analyzers automated (Human, Germany). As shown in Table 1, showed significant antihyperglycemic activity (p<0.05). Antidiabet-3 (AD3) and control failed to achieve euglycemia but caused a significant (p< 0.05) reduction in glucose levels compared to their initials values. The result of the experiment were confirmed that using by blood glucose in antidiabet-3 treatment groups taken for an observation at 3 dayfrom it was decreased to 22.20±2.5 (2.88%), post 7 day it was decreased 19.03±2.75 (14.3%), post 14 day it was 14.86±0.80 (33.06%), which it is showed may increase the blood glucose from diabetic rabbits.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder resulting from insulin deficiency, characterized by hyperglycemia, altered metabolism of carbohydrates, protein and lipids, and an increased risk of vascular complication. Healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a normal body weight and avoiding tobacco use can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes. There are over 1500 plants on our planet that have anti-diabetes properties. Research findings suggest that more than 400 plant species showing hypoglycemic activity on experimental diabetes in animals. Recently, numbers of high level researches were conducted worldwide to study the nature and mechanism to treat diabetes, tens of methods were discovered, and dozens of medical herbs were studied, yet very few herbal hypoglycemic drugs without side effects and at low cost are found. Scientists are still in search for development of new and better oral drugs for diabetes without side effects at relatively low cost. Materials and Methods: Preparation of the water extract from Antidiabet-3 1:10 was suspended in distilled water (100 ml) and allowed to stand at 4◦ C. It was then filtered through several layers of muslin cloth and filtrate (water extract) was discarded. Male and female Chinchilla rabbits, weighing 1.5–2.7 kg, were obtained from Biocombinat State Owned Enterprise, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The total number of rabbits used was 30. They were housed at a temperature of 22 ± 20C with a schedule of 12 h light and 12 h dark cycle. They were acclimatized to laboratory conditions at least for 1 week beforecarrying out any experimental work. The experimental protocol for the present study was approved by Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC) of Health Sciences University of Mongolia. Experimental diabetes was induced in rabbits with alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/kg) (Sigma Chemicals, USA) injected intravenously to overnight fasted rabbits through their marginal ear vein. To reduce risk of nephrotoxicity from hyperuricemia, a 7 ml/kg body wt intravenous injection of 0.9% saline was given immediately after the injection of alloxan. To counteract initial hypoglycemia, 3.5-4.0 g glucose/kg body wt was given subcutaneously [27.5% (wt/vol) solution] 5-6 h after the injection of alloxan. Hyperglycemia of the rabbit with a permanent blood glucose concentration of >16.9 mmol/l was established 24 h after alloxan injection. For this study, a blood glucose level greater than 14 mmol/ liter (200mg/dl) was an indication of hyperglycemia. Aqueous crude extract of the Antidiabet-3 preparation was administration orally in dosage 0.5 ml/kg alloxan induced diabetic rabbits and fasting blood glucose monitored over a period of 14 days. Metformin in dosage of 7.4mg/kg was chosen as a comparative remedy. Results: The total number of rabbits used was 28. Diabetes was defined by a blood glucose concentration 16.9 mmol/l on 1 day. Plasma was obtained by centrifugation of blood glucose, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), ‘’Humylazer 2000’’ chemistry analyzers automated (Human, Germany). The initial serum glucose concentration had an average value of 5.52±0.18 mmol/l in the serum. First days after injection of alloxan, the concentration had increased to 21.65±11.8 mmol/l. It reached its peak level of 30.47±2.55 mmol/l on the 3rd day. The level decreased, falling in all groups to 28.00±1.02mmol/l on day 14, control group. The differences between the control group and hyperglycaemic groups were statistically highly significant (p < 0.05). The result of the experiment were confirmed that using by blood glucose in antidiabet-3 treatment groups taken for an observation at 3 day from it was decreased to 22.20±2.5 (2.88%), post 7 day it was decreased 19.03±2.75 (14.3%), post 14 day it was 14.86±0.80 (33.06%), which it is showed may decrease the blood glucose from diabetic rabbits. The mean total activity of AST was increased 133.3 ± 18.1 u/l of that in the Antidiabet3 group. By day 14, this value had decreased by about 91.8* ± 4.01 u/l and Alloxaninduced diabetic rabbits administered with aqueous extract showed 31% decline in the activity of AST level on 1 and 14 day, respectively. The mean total activity of ferment ALT was increased 160.22 ±25.86 u/l of that in the AD3 group. By day 14, this value had decreased by about 91.8±4.01 u/l (42.7%). Alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits administered with aqueous extract showed 6.11%, 9.57%, 30.41%, and 24.45% decline in the activity of ferment level on 1, 3, 7, and 14 day, respectively. They can also improve the condition of diabetes as indicated by parameters like serum cholesterol, and serum triglyceride. It is now established that there is a gradual decrease in beta-cell function and mass that may occur in individuals at high risk of developing type II diabetes. To prevent the loss of beta-cell function and mass, beta-cell stabilization or regeneration must occur. The renewal of β-cells in diabetes has been studied in several animal models. For example epicatechin has been shown to act by β- cell regeneration. Conclusions: In conclusion, Antidiabet-3 preparation exhibited significant antihyperglycaemic activities in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. The establishment of diabetes mellitus in group I rabbits was observed after first week of alloxan administration by increased fasting blood glucose levels. Keen and NgTang (1982) reported that the minimum-defining characteristic feature to identify diabetes mellitus is chronic and substantiated elevation of circulating glucose concentration. Establishment of diabetes mellitus in rabbits in this study, induced by alloxan administration, might be attributable to specific irreversible toxic effects of alloxan on beta cells of pancreas (Dunn et al. 1943; Lukenes 1948).