Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an unknown systemic autoimmune disease that causes multiple tissue and organ damage. Lupus nephritis (LN) was found to occur in 15-30% of the patients with lupus at the time of initial diagnosis and in 30-50% during disease progression. Accurate diagnosis and active treatment can preserve the kidney function of LN patients and delay the process of kidney fibrosis, thus postponing the occurrence and development of end-stage kidney disease (ESRD). The diagnosis of LN is ideally confirmed by histologic findings in a kidney biopsy. Additionally, serum or urine biomarkers such as serum creatinine, urea, and immune-related molecules, such as anti-double-stranded DNA, anticardiolipin, complement components C3, C4, and anti-C1q antibodies. Aim: The information concerning non-invasive, easy, and accurate biomarkers for diagnosis of lupus nephritis. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of cystatin C and complement component 1q antibody for lupus nephritis. Materials and Methods: A study that included 40 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without LN (non-Lupus group), 40 patients with lupus nephritis (Lupus group) was performed in a hospital based cross-sectional study from May 2022 to August 2024. The serum levels of CysC, Anti-C1q, urea, and creatinine were measured, and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRCysC , eGFRcreat , eGFRcomb) were calculated by equations two groups and the CKD-EPI respectively. T-test analysis or Chi-square test was used to compare the differences between the two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to identify the diagnostic efficiencies of individual or combined multiple indicators. Results: 80 patients were recruited, including 5% men and 95% women with a mean age of 35.15±9.57 years (range 17-56 years). The LN group with a mean age of 35.2±9.44 years, non-LN group with a mean age of 35.1 ±9.38 years. The non-LN group clinical manifestation of 47.5% arthritis, 32.5% hematologic system, 10% interstitial lung disease, 7.5% dermatitis, 2.5% central nervous system. The LN group with SLE disease activity index of 85% severe activity, 2.5% moderate activity, 2.5% mild activity. The non-LN group with SLE disease activity index of 7.5% severe activity, 62.5% moderate activity, 20% mild activity, 10% low activity. Significantly elevated Cystatin C and anti-C1q were observed in the LN groups. Cystatin C, creatinine, urea and antiC1q were increased 60% (n=24), 22.5% (n=9), 32.5% (n=13), and 70% (n=28) respectively (P=0.001). eGFRcreat detected chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage of 63.7% normal, 25% mild, and 11.25% moderate stage. eGFRcyst detected chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage of 47.5% normal, 25% mild, 20% moderate, 7.5% severe stage. Conclusion The separately detected cystatin C(eGFRcyst) and antiC1q were superior to the conventional biomarkers Urea, Creat, and eGFRcreat in the diagnosis of lupus nephritis with SLE.

Abstract: CHUN-7 a Mongolian traditional recipe consisting of 7 medicinal plants is described in the scripture named “༆༆ །།གཡུ་ཐོག་པའི་མཛད་པའི་རིམས སྲུང་ཁྱུ་ལྔ་རྒྱམ་ཏོན་གསལ་བ །།”. The ingredients including Caowu (Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii, CW) and Glehniae Radix (GR) have the effects of suppressing pneumonia, viral pneumonia, relieving pain, stimulating the immune system and reducing fever. The present study was aimed to determine acute and chronic toxicity properties of traditional drug. Materials and methods: CHUN 7 traditional drug were prepared in the traditional medicine sector of the Drug research Institute of Monos group. All WISTAR rats were kept in the same feed, under 12 hours lighting and 12 hours darkness housing. The study of acute and chronic toxicity of CHUN-7 traditional drug was studied by using IP and oral administration were performed on ten WISTAR rats and continued for a total of 28 days with 102.9 mg / kg dose (calculated from human dose: 16.7 mg/kg) in accordance with the WHO General Guidelines for the Evaluation and Study of Traditional Medicine. Results: The result showed no structural changes in the internal organs according to tissue morphology when we administrated CHUN-7 traditional drug. Conclusion This study showed CHUN-7 traditional drug has no toxic effects to internal organs including liver, kidney, stomach, lungs and heart. Therefore, CHUN-7 traditional drug has potential to use orally without any toxicology.