The inhibitory effect of rice(Oryza sartiva L., illpumbyeo) against mutagenicity induced by tryptophan pyrolysates were investigated using Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. Both methanol extracts of obtained from brown and white rice were found to possess strong activites of inhibiting the mutagenicities of 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyriod[4,3-b]indol(Trp-P-1) and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol(Trp-P-2) on Salmonella typhimurium reversion assay. As the concentration of methanol extract increased, inhibitory effect on mutagenicity increased but reached at steady state as inhibition rate of 90% when the concentration was above 10mg/plate. There was no significant difference(p>0.05) in inhibitory effect of methanol extracts between brown and white rice against tryptophan pyrolysates.
Methanol ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Tryptophan*

The phytochemical study for the extract of Nelumbo nucifera (Nymphaceae) seeds has led to the isolation of ten compounds including five simple phenolic compounds, two indole derivatives, a flavonoid glycoside, two abscisic acid derivatives. The interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR and ESI-Q-TOF-MS spectroscopic data revealed the chemical structures of isolates to be p-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), (E)-p-coumaric acid (3), (E)-ferulic acid (4), (E)-sinapate-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), tryptophan (6), 3-indoleacetic acid (7), isoschaftoside (8), dihydrophaseic acid (9), dihydrophaseic acid 3′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10). To the best of our knowledge, 1 – 5 and 7 were identified for the first time from N. nucifera seeds, and the presence of dihydrophaseic acid (9) and its glucoside (10) were demonstrated secondly in this plant.
Abscisic Acid ; Nelumbo* ; Phenol ; Plants ; Tryptophan

No abstract available.
Functional Neuroimaging ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; Tryptophan

We report a case of clinical features corresponding to Eosinophilia-Myalgia syndrome, with no causal relationship with L-tryptophan. Since the epidemic of L-tryptophan associated Eosinoghilia-Myalgia Syndrome in 1989, only 2% of the cases were found not to be related to L-tryptophan in America. We believe that this is the first case report of Eosinophilin-Myalgia Syndrome not related to L-tryptophan in Korea.
Americas ; Electrodiagnosis ; Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome* ; Korea ; Tryptophan*

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of fluoxetine on transcription, translation and activity of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and intracellular level of serotonin. METHODS: The expression level of the TPH mRNA and the protein, the TPH enzyme activity, and the intracellular level of serotonin were explored at the fluoxetine-treated RBL-2H3 cells. Real-time RT-PCR and immunoblotting analysis confirmed changes in the expression of TPH mRNA and protein. The activity of TPH was measured using [3H]tryptophan. The intracellular level of serotonin was measured by HPLC. RESULTS: The TPH activity was gradually increased on time from 24hr to 72hr. The real-time RT-PCR also revealed that the TPH mRNA was increased at 12, 24 and 72hr in the fluoxetine-treated RBL-2H3 cells. The immunoblotting analysis also revealed that the TPH protein was decreased at 72hr in the fluoxetine-treated RBL-2H3 cells. The intracellular level of serotonin was increased at 48hr after treatment of fluoxetine. CONCLUSION: Fluoxetine induced the increases of the TPH mRNA, the TPH enzyme activity and intracellular level of serotonin, and the decrease of the TPH protein expression at the RBL- 2H3 cells.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Fluoxetine ; Immunoblotting ; RNA, Messenger ; Serotonin ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase* ; Tryptophan*

OBJECTIVES: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious and sometimes irreversible adverse effect that may develop during long-term antipsychotics treatment. Previous studies have suggested that brain serotonergic systems are related to TD vulnerability and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin. This study aimed to investigate the association between TPH2 gene -703G/T polymorphism (rs4570625) and antipsychotic-induced TD in the Korean schizophrenia patients. METHODS: We investigated whether TPH2 gene -703G/T polymorphism is associated with antipsychotic-induced TD in 280 Korean schizophrenia patients. The subjects with TD (n=105) and without TD (n=175) were matched for antipsychotic drug exposure and other relevant variables. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypic (chi2=3.00, p=0.223) and allelic (chi2=0.19, p=0.661) frequencies between patients group with TD and without TD. There was no significant difference in total Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale score (F=1.95, p=0.362) among the genotype groups, either. CONCLUSIONS: The present study does not support that TPH2 gene -703G/T polymorphism is involved in TD of the Korean schizophrenia subjects.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Brain ; Dyskinesias ; Genotype ; Humans ; Movement Disorders ; Schizophrenia ; Serotonin ; Tryptophan ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase

OBJECTIVES: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a serious and sometimes irreversible adverse effect that may develop during long-term antipsychotics treatment. Previous studies have suggested that brain serotonergic systems are related to TD vulnerability and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of serotonin. This study aimed to investigate the association between TPH2 gene -703G/T polymorphism (rs4570625) and antipsychotic-induced TD in the Korean schizophrenia patients. METHODS: We investigated whether TPH2 gene -703G/T polymorphism is associated with antipsychotic-induced TD in 280 Korean schizophrenia patients. The subjects with TD (n=105) and without TD (n=175) were matched for antipsychotic drug exposure and other relevant variables. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypic (chi2=3.00, p=0.223) and allelic (chi2=0.19, p=0.661) frequencies between patients group with TD and without TD. There was no significant difference in total Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale score (F=1.95, p=0.362) among the genotype groups, either. CONCLUSIONS: The present study does not support that TPH2 gene -703G/T polymorphism is involved in TD of the Korean schizophrenia subjects.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Brain ; Dyskinesias ; Genotype ; Humans ; Movement Disorders ; Schizophrenia ; Serotonin ; Tryptophan ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase

Alcohol abuse and cigarette smoking have been on the rise worldwide and it has been reported that alcohol and nicotine influence serotonergic neuronal activity in the dorsal raphe. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders. In the present study, the effects of alcohol and nicotine on the synthesis of 5-HT and the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), the rate limiting enzyme of 5-HT synthesis, in the dorsal and median raphe of young rats were investigated via immunohistochemistry. The numbers of the 5-HT-positive and TPH-positive cells in raphe nuclei were reduced by alcohol and nicotine treatment, and these numbers were reduced more potently by co-administration of alcohol and nicotine. Based on the results, it can be suggested that the pathogenesis of alcohol- and nicotine-induced neuropsychological disorders involves alcohol- and nicotine-induced suppression of 5-HT synthesis and TPH expression in raphe, and that this may be of particular relevance in the consumption of alcohol and nicotine during adolescence.
Adolescent ; Alcoholism ; Animals ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Nicotine* ; Raphe Nuclei ; Rats* ; Serotonergic Neurons ; Serotonin* ; Smoking ; Tryptophan Hydroxylase* ; Tryptophan*

Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome(EMS) is a systemic illness that occurred as an epidemic by ingestion of over-the counter L-tryptophan preparation in the United States in October 1989. We report a Korean case of EMS not associated with the ingestion of either L-tryptophan or other nutritional supplements such as lysine and niacin.
Eating* ; Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome* ; Lysine ; Niacin ; Tryptophan ; United States

These experiments were performed to investigate the effect of saline, tryptophan, tryptophan-imipramine and/or imipramine on serotonin immunoreactivity in raphe nucleus of midbrain of the rats (180~200 g, body weight). The animals were injected i.p. with tryptophan (15 mg/kg) and imipramine (15 mg/kg) for 20 days. The result by immunohistochemical methods were as follows; 1. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the raphe of midbrain were significantly increased in tryptophan treated group compared to imipramine treated group. 2. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the raphe of midbrain were decreased in imipramine treated group compared all the other group. 3. Serotonin-immunoreactive neurons in the raphe of midbrain were significantly decreased in tryptophanimipramine treated group compared to imipramine treated group. These experiments indicated that serotonin immunoreactive neurons in raphe of midbrain were increased due to the activation of tryptophan and decreased by suppresing activation of tryptophan through imipramine treatment.
Animals ; Imipramine* ; Mesencephalon* ; Neurons ; Raphe Nuclei* ; Rats* ; Serotonin ; Tryptophan*