A athropometry survey was conducted on 102 Ruc ethinic minority living in Thuong Hoa commune, Quang Binh province. The results showed that the general rates of intestinal parasitic-infestation was 91.2%, ascaris infestation rate was 71.6%, ankylostoma parasitic rate was 62.7%. The malnutrition rate among children under five years of age was 68.3%. Rate of children receiving adequate immunizations was 45.5%. Measles campaign vaccination rate in 2003 was 91.3%
Nutritional status ; child ; Antiparasitic Agents ; Minority Groups ; Minority Health

A cross-sectional study of the supply and use of water was carried out on 8180 households in 3 districts of Quang Binh province and Thua Thien Hue province. The results showed that: two water sources with high rate of usage were deep well (59.3%) and drilled well (19.2%). The rate of households with adequate water supply was 81.5%, among which deep wells were at highest rate of 48.4%, and tap water were at lowest rate of 1.8%. 58.3% of households were found with water containers including: built tanks (49.3%), buckets (24.7%), earthenware vessels (25.3%). 84.6% of water containers were built far from breeding facilities. 95.4% of wells had high wall, 84.8% with surrounding yards but only 8.8% with covers. It is necessary to improve the quality of living water in public by supplying better water sources
Water Supply Family Characteristics

The investigation using combination of quantitative and qualitative methods at 60 communes, towns of three districts including Quan Ba, Yen Minh (Ha Giang) and Chiem Hoa (Tuyen Quang) showed that ratio of households with hygienic privy were very low (6.5%) among 6012 investigated households in both provinces. The construction and preservation and use of the privy were not in good conditions, only 5.2% households are using hygienic privy. The situation in Ha Giang was not as good as Tuyen Quang
Family Characteristics ; Epidemiology

This study was conducted at 60 communes of Quan Ba and Yen Minh districts (Ha Giang). Chiem Hoa district (Tuyen Quang). The results showed that some behaviors of individual sanitation involved in preventing diseases in community were quite bad. Among of 6012 interviewed people, 71.1% of people sad that always drink unboiled water, only 0.2% of people usually wash their hands before having the meal; 29.4% of households have personal face-cloth use only, and only 4.1% of households rot manure over 6 months before using for crops.
Sanitation ; Epidemiology

The study was conducted using combination of cross-sectional, quantitative and qualitative methods at 82 communes and towns of Quang Trach and Bo Trach districts (Quang Binh), Phu Loc district (Hue). Results: the supply and use of water in 8180 households investigated were relatively good in quantity and acceptable quality. Two water supplies were used with high rate were deep well (59.3%) and drilled well (19.2%). However, it is necessary to propagandize awareness of environmental sanitation in public such as choose safe water supplies (tap-water), stores water in clean storage tools, and exploit running-water far away from polluted sources
Water ; Epidemiology

Background: Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) has been shown to be a risk factor as well as a consequence of cardiovascular diseases. The importance of an early LVH diagnosis in the community has been desmontrated by many case studies. Objectives: (1) Find out the prevalence of electrocardiographic LVH. (2) Determine the risk factors of electrocardiographic LVH. Subjects and method: 3561 people (1410 men) over 25 years old were chosen from 3 provinces/cities (Ha Noi, Thai Binh, and Nghe An). All participants underwent electrocardiogram, and the Romhilt-Estes score on standard 12-lead electrocardiogram to measure LVH. Diagnosis of LVH was made when Romhilt-Estes score >=4. Data was analyzed by Epi-Info software version 6.04 and SPSS version 13.0. Results: According to JNC 7, there were 744 people with hypertension (352 men), accounted for 21.2%. The rate of hypertension was 24.9% in men and 18.2% in women. This difference was statistically significant (p <0.001). Overall prevalence of electrocardiographic LVH was 6.71% (95% CI: 5.94 \u2013 7.58%). Prevalence was 9.00% among men (95% CI: 7.62 \u2013 10.61%) and 5.21% in women (95% CI: 4.35 \u2013 6.23%). Risk factors of electrocardiographic LVH included male, elderly, hypertension, and obesity. Conclusion: The high prevalence of LVH in the population showed the importance of detection and early treatment for LVH patients, especially in those, who had no clinical symptoms.
Left ventricular hypertrophy ; electrocardiogram

Background: Echocardiography has provided the most valuable means in detecting Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH), but electrocardiography (ECG) has a greater advantage due to its mobility, simplicity, and low cost. Objective: (1) To examine the sensitivity and specificity of electrocardiographic criteria for LVH and determinants. (2) To study the risk factors affected to sensitivity and specificity of electrocardiography. Subjects and method: ECG and echocardiography were performed in 374 adults. The Romhilt-Estes score was used to measure electrocardiographic LVH, whereas the Framingham criteria of the left ventricular mass index were used to detect LVH on echocardiography. Results: Using echocardiography as a gold standard, sensitivity of ECG was 35.8%, specificity was 90.3%. The overall probability of correct diagnosis was 82.6%. Older people and men had tended to increase the value of ECG in detecting LVH. Conclusion: The high specificity but low sensitivity suggested an adjusted ECG criterion for a better diagnosis of electrocardiographic LVH.
Left ventricular hypertrophy ; electrocardiography ; echocardiography

Background: Shigella-induced diarrhea has been considered a major health problem leading to high morbidity and mortality. This disease can lead to dire consequences; however, the true burden of the disease, including the costs and sequalae associated with shigellosis is not yet known. Objectives: (1) To describe the health seeking behavior and the way of payment of population when suffering Shigella; (2) To identify and analyze the direct household costs associated with the treatment of diarrhea due to Shigella. Subjects and method: 290 patients of all ages with positive Shigella diarrhea admitted to public health facilities in Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa province in the period from August 2002 to January 2004 were included in the study. The subjects were divided into three age groups, the first 0-5, second 5-18 and the last one was over 18 years old. Patients and their relatives were interviewed at three stages - day 7, day 14 and day 90 - to obtain all the required information. Results: 134 of 290 patients (47%) paid for using the other health care services before admission to the study\u2019s facilities. The average direct cost per episode for the patients at group aged 0-5 was 129,000 VND, group aged 6-18 was 59,267 VND and over 18 years old was 173,531 VND; it was 131.960 VND for three groups. Comparison with the average household expenditure for health care, it was higher in the poorer group and it was lower three times than the richest group. The average direct medical cost per episode was higher the average direct non-medical cost per episode for all groups. Conclusions: The average direct cost per episode of Shigellosis treatment was rather high especially the average direct cost for the treatment at the health facility. It was also high compared with the average expenditure for health per capita so that it becomes large economic burden for households.
Direct cost ; Shigella ; treatment

Sequences from the clones of full-length enriched cDNA libraries serve as valuable resources for functional genomics related studies, genome annotation and SNP discovery. We analyzed 7,392 high-quality chromatograms (Phred value >30) obtained from sequencing the 5' ends of clones derived from full-length enriched cDNA libraries of Korean native pigs including brainstem, liver, cerebellum, neocortex and spleen libraries. In addition, 50,000 EST sequence trace files obtained from GenBank were combined with our sequences to identify cSNPs in silico. The process generated 11,324 contigs, of which 2,895 contigs contained at least one SNP and among them 610 contigs had a minimum of one sequence from Korean native pigs. Of 610 contigs, we randomly selected 262 contigs and performed in silico analysis for the identification of cSNPs. From the results, we identified 1,531 putative coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs) and the SNP detection frequency was one SNP per 465 bp. A large-scale sequencing result of clones from full-length enriched cDNA libraries and identified cSNPs will serve as a useful resource to functional genomics related projects such as a pig HapMap project in the near future
Brain Stem ; Cerebellum ; Clinical Coding ; Clone Cells ; Computer Simulation ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; DNA, Complementary ; Gene Library ; Genome ; Genomics ; HapMap Project ; Liver ; Neocortex ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Spleen ; Swine

BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies among reproductive-age women. Its metabolic features often overlap with those associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of MS and IRS in infertile Vietnamese women with PCOS. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary fertility centre at Hue University Hospital from June 2016 to November 2017. A total of 441 infertile women diagnosed with PCOS based on the revised 2003 Rotterdam consensus criteria were enrolled. MS and IRS were defined based on the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Adult Treatment Panel III 2005 and American College of Endocrinology IRS 2003 criteria, respectively. Complete clinical and biochemical measurements of 318 women were available for analysis. Independent predictors of MS and IRS were identified using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of MS and IRS in women with PCOS was 10.4% and 27.0%, respectively. We identified older age (>30 years) and obesity as independent predictors of MS and IRS. Elevated anti-Müllerian hormone levels increased the risk of IRS, but not that of MS. CONCLUSION: MS and IRS are prevalent disorders among infertile Vietnamese women with PCOS. PCOS is not solely a reproductive problem. Screening and early intervention for MS and/or IRS based on anthropometric, metabolic, and reproductive hormone risk factors should be an integral part of fertility care.
Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Consensus ; Cross-Sectional Studies* ; Early Intervention (Education) ; Endocrinology ; Female ; Fertility ; Heart ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Logistic Models ; Lung ; Mass Screening ; Obesity ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome* ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Vietnam*