The author showed some principles in primary management for chemical burn. After burning, the lesion should be treated immediately by pouring cold fresh water continuously for 10-15 minutes on the lesion. Then the lesion should be treated depends on causes. For acid-caused burn, wash the lesion by diluted base solutions, then applying the bicarbonate sodium solution 10-20%-soaked bandage. For base-caused burn, use diluted acid solutions to wash. For burn due to hot slake lime, the lesion can be washed by fresh water, sugar solution 20% or ammonium chloride 10%, then dressed by acid boric 3%-soaked bandage. For burn lesions related to hot tar, use vegetable oil and petroleum with ratio of 3:1 to clear the hot tar on the skin, then treat the burning lesion.
burns ; therapeutics

Subject: patients with the clean and small burn (1%) less than 160 cm2; biafine. Results showed that physiological indicators were not change after 7 days of use of biafine. Patients feel convinience, cool in the burn area. After 7 times of the distribution of bandage, the slight red granulation tissues occured, free edema, primary scar generation the soft scar occurred in the ninth and tenth day. There were no patients with the bad results.
Cicatrix ; Biafine

Background: S.pneumoniae is a significant cause of respiratory tract infections in children under 5 years old. More strains of S.pneumoniae show less susceptibility to penicillin, and antibiotic commonly used in the treatment of pneumococcal infections. Objectives: To identify the carriage prevalence and susceptibility to penicillin of S.pneumonia isolated from children under 5 years old. Subject and Method: The study included 823 children under 5 years old living in Ba Vi, Ha Tay. Culture, bacterial identification and antibiogram by E- test have been applied in this study. Results: 51.4% of nasopharyngeal samples had S.pneumoniae. The prevalence of S.pneumoniae isolated resistant and intermediate to penicillin were 15.5% and 64%, respectively. Resistance prevalence of streptococcal isolates in children older and younger than 2 years of age were 14.1% and 17.3%, respectively. Conclusion: Approximately 80% of S.pneumoniae was non-susceptible to penicillin. There is an immense requirement to monitor the antibiotic susceptibility of S. pneumonia and to have prompt recommendations for treatment.
Prevalence ; Streptococcus pneumonia ; Penicillin

As part of our continued study on the chemical constituents of Willughbeia edulis stems, a new dimeric lignan named edulignan (1) was isolated from its EtOAc-soluble extract. Based on NMR spectroscopic interpretation, the planar structure of 1 has been suggested to have two 2-substituted 4-chromanone subunits with different stereochemical configurations. In addition, the MS/MS analysis of the products obtained by acidcatalyzed hydrolysis of 1 was supportive of its structure. Unfornatually, the new compound 1 did not show α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC 50 value > 250 μM.

Objectives: The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has increased, particularly among individuals who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Health literacy is considered a “social vaccine” that helps people respond effectively to the pandemic. We aimed to investigate the association between long COVID-19 and PTSD, and to examine the modifying role of health literacy in this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 18 hospitals and health centers in Vietnamfrom December 2021 to October 2022. We recruited 4,463 individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 infection for at least 4 weeks. Participants provided information about their sociodemographics, clinical parameters, health-related behaviors, health literacy (usingthe 12-item short-form health literacy scale), long COVID-19 symptoms and PTSD (Impact Event Scale-Revised score of 33 or higher). Logistic regression models were used to examine associations and interactions. Results: Out of the study sample, 55.9% had long COVID-19 symptoms, and 49.6% had PTSD.Individuals with long COVID-19 symptoms had a higher likelihood of PTSD (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.63–2.12; p < 0.001). Higher health literacy was associated with a lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.99; p = 0.001). Compared to those without long COVID-19 symptoms and the lowest health literacy score, those with long COVID-19 symptoms and a 1-point health literacy increment had a 3% lower likelihood of PTSD (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.96–0.99; p = 0.001). Conclusion Health literacy was found to be a protective factor against PTSD and modified the negative impact of long COVID-19 symptoms on PTSD.