Five compounds were separated from Sambucus chinensis and identified as maslinic acid(1), 12alpha, 13-dihydroxyolean-3-oxo-28-oic acid(2), 13-hydroxyolean-3-oxo-28-oic acid (3), 3-oxo oleanolic acid (4), corosolic acid (5). Of them,compound 3 was a new compound, and compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 were seperated from this plant for the first time.
Oleanolic Acid ; analysis ; Sambucus ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

The chemical constituents from the fruit of Psidium guajava were investigated. Nine triterpenoids, ursolic acid (1), 1beta, 3beta-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (2), 2alpha,3beta-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (3), 3beta,19alpha-dihydroxyurs-12en-28-oic acid (4), 19a-hydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (5), 3beta, 23-dihydroxy urs-12-en-28-oic acid (6), 3beta, 19alpha, 23beta-tri-hydroxylurs-12-en-28-oic acid (7), 2alpha, 3beta,19alpha, 23beta-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (8), 3alpha,19alpha,23,24-tetrahydroxyurs -12-en-28-oic acid (9) were isolated by means of chromatography, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of MS, H NMR, 13C-NMR spectra. Compounds 2, 5-9 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Fruit ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Psidium ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from Corallodiscus kingianus.

METHODThe column chromatographic techniques were applied to isolate constituents. A combination of ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy was used to identify structures.

RESULTSix compounds were isolated from the acetone extract of this plant, and the structures of them have been identified as castanopsol (1) , 3beta-hydroxy-9 (11), 12-oleanadien-28-oic acid (2), 2,3,7-trihydroxy-6-oxo-1,3,5 (10), 7-tetraene-24-nor-frie-delane-29-oic acid methylester (3), 3-epicyclomusalenol (4), palmitinic acid (5) and stearic acid (6).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-6 were isolated for the first time from Gesneriaceae.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of four major constituents (madecassoside, asiaticoside, madecassic acid and asiatic acid) in Centella asiatica (L.) urban extracts.

METHODSThe analysis was performed on an Agilent 1100 HPLC system with a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C8 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 5μm). The four major constituents were separated with gradient mobile phase that consists of 1mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile at the detection wavelength of 205 nm.

RESULTSThe four major constituents all had good linear response in the determination ranges (R(2)≥0.9998). The average recoveries (n=9) were 97.4%, 93.7%, 97.5% and 99.8% with RSDs of 3.4%, 1.4%, 4.7% and 4.4%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe developed method is sensitive and has good reproducibility, which can be used as a reference for quality control of Centella asiatica (L.) urban extracts.

Centella ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Pentacyclic Triterpenes ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Triterpenes ; analysis

Based on mass spectrometry(MS)-guided separation strategy, compound 1 was obtained from the roots of Rhus chinensis. By comprehensive analysis of high resolution-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) data, and quantum chemical calculation of NMR(qcc-NMR) parameters, compound 1 was elucidated as rhuslactone, a 17-epi-dammarane triterpenoid with a rare 17α-side chain. An HPLC-ELSD method for its quantification in R. chinensis was established and adopted for the quantification of rhuslactone in different batches of R. chinensis. Rhuslactone displayed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.021 3-1.07 μmol·mL~(-1 )(r=0.997 6), and the average recovery was 99.34% [relative standard deviation(RSD) 2.9%). Moreover, the results of the evaluation test of the preventive effects of rhusalctone on coronary heart disease(CHD) and thrombosis showed that rhuslactone(0.11 nmol·mL~(-1)) significantly alleviated heart enlargement and venous congestion and increased cardiac output(CO), blood flow velocity(BFV), and heart rate, thereby reducing thrombus formation in zebrafish with CHD. The effects of rhuslactone on CO and BFV were superior to that of digoxin(1.02 nmol·mL~(-1)), and its effect on improving heart rate was comparable to that of digoxin. This study provides experimental references for the isolation, identification, quality control, and application of rhuslactone from R. chinensis against CHD. It is worth mentioning that this study has discussed some omissions in the determination of the stereochemistry of C-17 in dammarane triterpenoids in the present coursebook Chemistry of Chinese Medicine and some research papers, that is, the compound may be 17-epi-dammarane triterpenoid. This paper has also proposed steps for the establishment of C-17 stereochemistry.
Animals ; Zebrafish ; Rhus/chemistry* ; Triterpenes/analysis* ; Coronary Disease ; Thrombosis

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for HPLC fingerprint determination of the triterpene acids in Poria cocos.

METHODRP-HPLC, linear gradient elution and LC/MS, etc. were used to optimize the fingerprint determination method, and identify the main peaks in the HPLC fingerprint.

RESULTA preferable method for HPLC fingerprint determination of the triterpene acids in P. cocos was established, and 9 peaks in the HPLC fingerprint were identified.

CONCLUSIONA general acquaintance of the triterpene acids in P. cocos can be obtained by using the preferable HPLC fingerprint determination method, which is useful for quality evaluation of the crud drug of P. cocos.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Polyporales ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis ; classification

OBJECTIVETo determine 4 nortriterpenoids (de-hydroxy arisanlactone D, 25-hydroxy schindilactone, schindilachone A, lancifodilactone D) in Schisandra chinensis extract by HPLC.

METHODThe analysis was performed on a waters symmetry column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (33:67) at a flow rate of 1 ml x min(-1). The column temperature was set at 37 degrees C, and the detector wavelength was 264 nm.

RESULTThe linear ranges of de-hydroxy arisanlactone D, 25-hydroxy schindilactone, schindilachone A, and lancifodilactone D are 0.075-1.800, 0.098-0.980; 0.095-0.950, and 0.053-0.530 microg, respectively, and the average recoveries were 98.57%, 96.44%, 97.96%, and 97.27%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe four nortriterpenoids were well separated by this method, and it could be used to determine the four nortriterpenoids in Schisandra chinensis extract.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Schisandra ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo establish the fingerprint chromatograms of the extract of Cimicifugae Rhizoma firstly.

METHODPhenolic acids and triterpenoid saponins were analyzed by HPLC. Hypersil BDS C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) column was used, the mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile -0.1% H3PO4 with gradient elution, flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1), column temprature was 30 degrees C, and the detection wavelength was set at 316 nm and 210 nm.

RESULTIn the fingerprint of phenolic acids, thirteen feature peaks were found and the RSD of relative retention time and relative peak area were all less than 3% in the precision and repeation experiments. The similarity of ten batches of samples were all more than 0.90. In the fingerprint of triterpenoid saponins, fourteen feature peaks were found and the RSD of relative retention time and relative peak area were all less than 4% in the precision and repeation experiments. The similarity of ten batches of samples were all more than 0.90.

CONCLUSIONThis method is comprehensive, stable, reliable and can be used to evaluate the quality of the extract of Cimicifugae Rhizoma. It has provided a reference to the analysis on pharmacodynamic deferences of Cimicifuga extracts and also laid the foundation for its further development.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Cimicifuga ; chemistry ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; Plant Extracts ; analysis ; Saponins ; analysis ; Triterpenes ; analysis

Eighteen compounds were isolated by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over macroporous resin, MCI gel, silica gel, and sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis as adinoside A (1), stryspinoside (2), benzyl alcohol beta-glucopyranoside (3), benzyl 2-o-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-2,6-dihydroxybenzoate (4) , gentisic acid 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), eugenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (6) , eugenyl-P-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-glucopyranoside (7), (-)-lyoniresinol 9-O-fP-D-glucopyranoside (8) , (+)-lyoniresinol 9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9) , apigenin-7-O-L-rhamnopyranoside (10), luteolin-3 '-O-L-rhamnoside (11) , ursolic acid (12) , beta-sitosteryl-3beta-glucopyranoside-6'-O-palmitate (13), abscisic acid (14), guanosine (15), 5-methyluracil (16), trans-cinnamic acid (17), and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(18). These compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Benzaldehydes ; analysis ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Gentisates ; analysis ; Glucosides ; analysis ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; Lonicera ; chemistry ; Luteolin ; analysis ; Thymine ; analysis ; Triterpenes ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo reveal the quality variation of polysaccharides, triterpenoids and proteins in spores and fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum from producing areas, different varieties, harvesting parts and periods, and wall-breaking treatments.

METHODSpores and fruiting bodies from varieties of Longzhi No. 1 and Hunong No. 1 were collected as test samples, together with wall-broken spores sold in domestic main producing areas. The anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method was used to determine the content of total polysaccharides. The vanillin-glacial acetic acid-perchloric acid colorimetric method was used to determine the content of total triterpenoids. The Lowry method was used to determine the content of total proteins.

RESULTThe content ranges of total polysaccharides, total triterpenoids, and total proteins from 6 domestic main producing areas were 0.40% - 2.25%, 1.36%-3.15% and 0.74% -1.91% respectively. The content ranges of total polysaccharides, triterpenoids, and proteins in the fruiting bodies from 2 varieties cultured in Zhejiang were 0.25% -1.42%, 0.44% -1.42% and 1.82% -3.67% respectively. In addition, the ranges of samples from wall-unbroken spores were 0.41% - 0.91%, 0.09% - 0.12%, 0.78% - 0.90% respectively and wall-broken spores are 1.03% - 2.25%, 1.89% - 3.15%, 0.96% - 1.04% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThere are significant differences in the contents of main chemical ingredients of wall-broken G. lucidum spores saled in the markets. The samples from Zhejiang contain high content of total polysaccharides and triterpenoids, and samples from Fujian contains more proteins. Between the 2 major varieties cultured in Zhejiang, Longzhi No. 1 contains higher content of triterpenoids, but Hunong No. 1 has more polysaccharides. Contents of triterpenoids and polysaccharides from wall-broken spores are much higher than those of fruiting bodies. The stipes from fruiting bodies contains more polysaccharides than those of the pileus, while the triterpenoids contents are higher in the pileus than stipes. The pileus and stipes collected in the second year contain higher content of polysaccharides than the first year's samples, but the contents of triterpenoids are lower. Wall-breaking treatment would significantly improve the extraction and dissolution rate of total triterpenoids and polysaccharides.

Fungal Proteins ; analysis ; Polysaccharides ; analysis ; Reishi ; chemistry ; Spores, Fungal ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis