OBJECTIVETo investigate the extraction method of polyglycosides from Tripterygium wilfordii.

METHODThe extraction method of pressurized liquid extraction was employed and chromogenic colorimetric technique were used for quantitative analysis. Based on the single-factor experiment, according to the center combination design this paper used three factors and three levels of response surface methodology for process optimization.

RESULTThe optimized conditions were as follows: ratio of solid to liquid was 1:9.5, at the temperature of 115 degrees C for 80 minutes, the actual extract ratio and purity of polyglycosides obtained were 0.21% and 0.52%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method of pressurized liquid extraction has obvious advantages over conventional reflux extracting.

Glycosides ; isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Pressure ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

Tripterygium wilfordii preparations,with various biological activities such as immunosuppressive,anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects,are widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis,lupus erythematosus,and nephrotic syndrome. They have definite therapeutic effect,but often cause serious adverse reactions and result in damages to liver,kidney,blood,reproduction,and other systems due to their complex compositions,great toxicity,and narrow margin between the toxic and therapeutic dosages. At present,T. wilfordii preparations produced by different manufacturers exhibit large variations in clinical efficacy and side effects in account of their different chemical compositions and quality fluctuation due to differences in raw materials and production process. However,the existing quality standards are controversial in terms of index components and content limit,which cannot be effectively used for the overall quality control of the preparations. In this paper,the research progress on chemical constituents,quality standard and quality control methods of four T. wilfordii preparations including Tripterygium Tablets,Tripterygium Zongtie Tablets,Tripterygium Shuangceng Tablets and Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets was reviewed,in order to provide ideas and reference for the quality improvement of this type of preparations.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; Quality Control ; Tablets ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

AIMTo study the chemical constituents of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F.

METHODSVarious column chromatographies with silica gel were used for the isolation and purification. The structures of compounds were established on the basis of its IR, MS, UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C COSY and NOESY.

RESULTSFour diterpenoids were isolated: 16-hydroxytriptolide (I), triptolidenol (II), tripdiolide (III), 2-epitripdiolide (IV).

CONCLUSIONCompound IV is a new diterpenoid.

Diterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the total alkaloids content profile and diversity of medicinal materials of Tripterygium.

METHODThe total alkaloids were extracted by organic solvent and purified by column chromatography (aluminium oxide), and determined by UV spectrometry.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe total alkaloids content in phloem was 2 to 5 times richer than that in xylem, and their changes had shown concordance. For the different species/types, the content from high to low in order was T. hypoglaucum, Tripterygium F, T. wilfordii and T. regellii, but in each type, the disparity among different populations content was very small. The populations with higher content were in Suichuan, Jiangxi Province, Huangshan, Anhui Province, Jingning, Zhejiang Province and Kunming, Yuannan Province; which came from T. hypoglaucum and Tripterygium F. The degree of difference of total alkaloids content among individuals in each population was different. The populations, which had a rich content diversity, were in Jingning, Zhejiang Province, Taining, Fujian Province and Kunming, Yunnan Province. They will be used for good germplasm selecting. The thickness of medicinal materials did not affect the total alkaloids content in the same plant. The total alkaloids content in xylem changed with seasons: the highest in March, then declining from June to December, the lowest in December, While this did not happen in phloem.

Alkaloids ; analysis ; chemistry ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Seasons ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

AIMTo study the chemical composition of Tripterygirm wilfordii Hook. f.

METHODSColunm chromatography was used to separate the chemical constituents. UV, IR, MS, HRMS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR (COM and OFR), 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C COSY, NOESY and COLOC spectra were used to determine the structures of the isolated constituents.

RESULTSTwo sesquiterpene alkaloids were isolated and their structures were elucidated as wilforgine and wilfordlongine on the basis of spectral evidence.

CONCLUSIONWilfordclonine is a new sesquiterpene alkaloid.

Lactones ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Pyridines ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo prepare gastric floating sustained-release formulation of Tripterygium wilfordii by using multiparticulate time-controlled release technology.

METHODThe intra-gastric floating blank-pellets were made by extrusion-spheronization method with 10% MCC as diluent and 90% cetylalcohol as floating assistant. The drug-loaded pellets were prepared in a fluid-bed coater with 1% HPMC, 0.5% SDS and extraction of T. wilfordii as coating solution. The gastric floating time-controlled release pellets were prepared with 3% L-HPC, 1% HPMC and 1% SDS as the inner swelling layer and ethylcellulose aqueous dispersion as the outer controlled layer. Finally, gastric floating sustained-release capsules of T. wilfordii were developed by encapsulating the five kinds of coated pellets whose coating load were 0%, 8%, 12%, 15% and 22% at equivalent ratio in hard gelatin capsules.

RESULTAfter formulation and coating load of swelling layer was fixed, the coated pellets would release active compositions in the different time expectably through regulating coating level of controlled layer. Several kinds of coated pellets whose controlled layer had different coating load were mixed and encapsulated into gastric floating sustained-release capsules of T. wilfordii. The capsules could float immediately in the dissolution medium and the floating rate of pellets was more than 80% in 8 h. The various kinds of coated pellets could release active compositions in accordance with time and show a characteristic of sustained-releasing as a whole.

CONCLUSIONThe gastric floating sustained-release capsules of T. wilfordii prepared by using multiparticulate time-controlled release technology have effective floating behavior and sustained release characteristics.

Capsules ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

Review the research and development status that Chinese medicine are compatible with Tripterygium wilfordii for attenuation and synergy for recent year. From modern medicine view and Chinese medicine dialectical perspective explain the mechanisms and methods of compatibility applied to attenuation and synergy of T. wilfordii. Provide a reference for reasonable application of other toxic Chinese medicine. Prefer the suggestion that Chinese medicinal formulae can be developed into Chinese medicine compound preparation.
Animals ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

Tripterygium wilfordii has complex chemical components. To study and summarize the advance in studies on the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities and toxicology of known monomers of T. wilfordii, the pertinent literatures related to the studies on the pharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics of T. wilfordii over past 30 years were searched. According to the findings, more than ten anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory monomers were found in T. wilfordii. The pharmacology and toxicology of wilforidine, triptolidenol, triptonide, demethylzeylasteral shall be further studied.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacokinetics ; pharmacology ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

Aged ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Humans ; Male ; Pemphigoid, Bullous ; drug therapy ; Psoriasis ; drug therapy ; Tripterygium ; chemistry

In the trials of multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) in the field of pharmacodynamics, some clinical characteristics and symptoms, such as proteinuria, hematuria,joint pain, and skin damage, could be improved in the patients with various diseases including proliferative glomerulonephritis, lupus nephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis and other immune-related diseases. In this review, it has been also reported to discuss the effects of GTW and Triptolide (T4), which is a bioactive component in GTW on anti-inflammatory, immunosuppression, and protection of epithelial cell in kidney. On the other hand, it is possible to have some beneficial effects on organ transplant rejection, tumor growth and anti-fertility.
Animals ; Biomedical Research ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Pharmacology ; Tripterygium ; chemistry