Urethane is a teratogen with capable of causing various malformations. Congenital malformation inhibition of green bean was evaluated in Urethan induced mice. On the 8th day of the gestation. Pregnant mice received a single dose (1mg/g/day) immediately or one day after of Urethan treatment. Each mouse was give a daily dose of green bean at 0.5g 0f 1.5g. Offsprings were examined for physical parameters: litters size, frequency of gross external malformations. Green bean exerted the congenital malformation inhibitor
Urethane ; abnormalities

ASLEM is an immuno-stimulant produced by Hanoi college of Pharmacy. Chromosome mutagenicity of ASLEM was evaluated in bone marrow cells and testicular cells of 30 male mice. Male mice were treated with two similar dose of 0,06 mg/day of ASLEM or with saline (control). Chromosome preparations were made 24 h after 2nd injection of ASLEM or saline. 40 metaphases from the bone marrow cells and 20 duskiness metaphases from the testicular cells were analyzed. Frequency of cells with both numerical and structural chromosome aberrations in both bone marrow and testicular cells of ASLEM treated mice showed no significant difference than that found in the control.
Mutation ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; drug therapy

There were 173 cases of congenital malformations of newborn who were born at Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Bach Mai Hospital from 1/1/1999 to 30/9/2003. Rate of congenital malformations was 1.31%. Rate of hydrocephaly is 0.13%, anencephaly was 0.08%, omphalocele and diapharagmatic hernia and abdominal cleft was 0.08%. Rate of congenital malformation in boys was higher than that in girls ( sex ratio=1.25). Some of factors such as parent occupation and age related to higher rate of having child with malformation. High-risk factors related to the congenital malformations of newborn were discussed.
Nervous System Malformations ; Infant, Newborn ; Epidemiology

Background: Mental retardation is a common pathological state in children, accounting for about 1 - 3%. Children with mental retardation should have a life of integrity and proper support. The discovery and assessment the children will help us to orient the education, assistance and early intervention for them at each location. Objectives: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of mental retardation (MR) among children in some quarters and communes of Hue city and the degrees of mental retardation in these children. Subjects and method: Screening by WHO questionnaire \u201cTen Question screen for disability\ufffd?and learning results (if possible) of children from 6 to under 16 years old in 5 quarters (urban) and 2 communes (rural) randomly selected in Hue. Diagnostics and evaluations are based on the criteria of ICD \ufffd?10. Results: The prevalence of MR in this study was 0.94% (95%CI = 0.82 \ufffd?1.07), 1.18% in rural area and 0.84% in urban area; 1.16% among boys and 0.70% among girls. Mild MR accounts for 62.67% moderate: 19.36%, severe: 11.52% and profound: 6.45%. Conclusion: The prevalence was statistically significant higher in rural area than in urban area and in boys than in girls. There were predominant percentages of severe and profound MR.
Mental Retardation/ epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Children ;

Background: The fetus having risk for Down sydrome (DS) can be detected early by AFP, \u03b2hCG in maternal serum to detect the fetus having risk of Down sydrome. Objectives: Determining values of AFP, \u03b2hCG in maternal serum to detect the fetus having risk of DS. Subjects and method: Determining the concentration of AFP, \u03b2hCG in maternal serum of 591 pregnant with fetus \ufffd?12 weeks to detect the fetus having DS screening risk. The fetus are diagnosed DS by analysing chromosome from amniocyte and monitor up to the neonate. Then, finding out association between DS fetus and AFP, \u03b2hCG in maternal serum. Results: 75/591 of subjects screened were screen positive, 6/7 DS fetus associated withscreen positive, (cut off AFP \ufffd?0,75 MoM, \u03b2hCG \ufffd?2,2 MoM). Detection rate (DR) was 85,71%; false positive rate (FDR): 11,81%. Only base on AFP: DR was 71,43%; FDR: 11,81%. Only base on \u03b2hCG DR was 28,57%; FDR: 0,51%. Conclusion: DR base on AFP is higher than base on \u03b2hCG. If combining AFP and \u03b2hCG, DR is the highest. AFP is important role in screening DS fetus.
Down Syndrome/ diagnosis ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prenatal Diagnosis ; Pregnancy ;

As authorities braced for the arrival of the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), infrastructure investments and government directives prompted action in central Viet Nam to establish capacity for genomic surveillance sequencing. From 17 November 2021 to 7 January 2022, the Pasteur Institute in Nha Trang sequenced 162 specimens from 98 150 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases in the region collected from 8 November to 31 December 2021. Of these, all 127 domestic cases were identified as the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, whereas 92% (32/35) of imported cases were identified as the B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant, all among international flight passengers. Patients were successfully isolated, enabling health-care workers to prepare for additional cases. Most (78%) of the 32 Omicron cases were fully vaccinated, suggesting continued importance of public health and social measures to control the spread of new variants.