To optimize the preparation conditions of porous starch The porous starch was used to powder coix seed oil. Porous starch was made of maize starch by using compound enzymes of glucoamylase and alpha-amylase. The preparation process was optimized through orthogonal test design with oil absorption rate to salad oil as indexes. The effect of different dosages of porous starch on yield of triglyceride by powdering coix seed oil was studied. The triglyceride release behaviors and fluidity of powdered coix seed oil were also studied. The results showed that the optimum conditions for preparation of porous maize starch were as follows, the mass radio of glucoamylase to a-amylase was 3:1, the temperatures was 55 degrees C, pH was 5.0, and hydrolysis time was 12 h. Under these conditions, the oil absorption rate to salad oil was 98.5% for porous maize starch. Porous starch was used to power coix seed oil. When porous starch to coix seed oil was 4:1, the triglyceride yield of powering coix seed oil was up to 97.02%. The fluidity of powdered coix seed oil was favorable and control released. The preparation of powdered liquid oil with porous starch had many advantages such as simple production technology, convenient operation, low cost and was worth generalizing.
Coix ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Porosity ; Powders ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Seeds ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Starch ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Triglycerides ; metabolism ; Zea mays ; chemistry ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo identify triacylglycerols in coix oil.

METHODHigh performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry was used for identification. The experiment was operated under the conditions: spray voltage at 3 000 V, capillary temperature at 250 degrees C, APCI vaporizer temperature at 400 degrees C, and corona current of 4 microA. Sheath gas pressure (high purity liquid nitrogen) was 35 kPa. Mass spectra were obtained over the m/e range of 300 to 900 amu, scan duration of 1s and Q1 peak width at 0.7. The stationary phase was Zorbax Extend C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm). The mobile phase: dichloromethane-acetonitrile (35:65), flow rate: 1 mL x min(-1); column temperature: 25 degrees C.

RESULT12 triacylglycerols were identified by HPLC-MS method.

CONCLUSIONThe result can be used to identify the components in a fingerprint chromatogram of coix oil and its related injection product.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Coix ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Triglycerides ; analysis ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

BACKGROUND: The Samsung LABGEO PT10 (Samsung Electronics, Korea) has been developed as a point-of-care testing (POCT) chemistry analyzer. We evaluated the performance of the Samsung LABGEO PT Biochemistry Test 15 (Samsung Electronics) and the HbA1c Test (Samsung Electronics), which are dedicated cartridges for the LABGEO PT10. METHODS: Based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines, the precision, linearity, and methodology were evaluated for seven chemistry analytes (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, amylase, and hemoglobin A1c). All the analytes, except for hemoglobin A1c, were obtained from three different types of samples: whole blood, plasma, and serum, to evaluate matrix effects. RESULTS: In the precision analysis, both within-run and total-run coefficients of variation were less than 10% for the seven analytes. Dose curves for the seven analytes were linear in the clinically relevant concentration ranges. The methodology study yielded correlation coefficients > or =0.98 for the seven comparisons of the LABGEO PT10 cartridge tests with other methods. Except for HDL cholesterol, the percentage differences between test results obtained from whole blood, plasma, and serum, were within +/-10%. The concentrations of HDL cholesterol measured in whole blood samples were 0.9 mg/dL and 5.6 mg/dL higher than those measured in plasma and serum specimens, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The LABGEO PT10 showed suitable analytical performance with respect to precision and linearity and demonstrated a good correlation with automated chemistry analyzer. With the additional benefits of a short turnaround time and ease of use, the LABGEO PT10 is an acceptable POCT chemistry analyzer.
Amylases ; Biochemistry ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Chemistry* ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Creatinine ; Methods ; Plasma ; Point-of-Care Systems ; Triglycerides

Marine biosphere is the largest one of the earth and harbors an enormous number of different organisms. Living conditions differ fundamentally from those in terrestrial environment. The production of specific secondary metabolites is an important adaption mechanism of marine organisms to survive in the sea. These metabolites possess biological activities which make them interesting as possible drugs for human. The review presents sources, chemistry, production and pharmacology of FDA approved marine derived pharmaceuticals arranged according to their therapeutic indication. Four of the presently seven approved drugs are used for the treatment of cancer. Each another one is applicated for treatment of viral diseases, chronic pain and to lower triglyceride level in blood. Some other products are of interest in diagnostic and as experimental tools. Besides, this article describes challenges in drug development from marine sources, especially the supply problem.
Aquatic Organisms ; Chemistry ; Chronic Pain ; Cytostatic Agents ; Humans ; Pharmacology ; Social Conditions ; Triglycerides ; Virus Diseases

BACKGROUND: Many reagents have been developed along with advances in chemistry auto analyzer. Deciding on an appropriate reagent is required for an accurate test, diagnosis and efficient laboratory management. We evaluated Cica Liquid reagent produced by Kanto chemical corporation (Tokyo, Japan) for checking reagent ability. METHODS: Twelve chemistry reagents (AST, ALT, ALP, glucose, BUN, creatinine, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholesterol, triglyceride, iron, magnesium) were tested on precision, linearity, interference, and correlation. We have evaluated using Hitachi 7600 (Hitachi High Technologies co., Japan) chemistry auto analyzer in accordance with the CLSI guidelines EP5-A, EP6-A, EP7-A, EP9-A2. EP_Suite (Marchem Associates Inc., USA) and SPSS ver. 11.0 (SPSS Inc., USA) were used for statistics. RESULTS: Precision results were satisfactory to CLIA '88 in all of the analytes except for ALP and magnesium. The linearity was satisfactory in measurement ranges as all analytes showed linearity in polynomial regression result or relative nonlinearity of less than 2.5%. Coefficients of correlation were above 0.985 in all analytes except for direct bilirubin and magnesium. When interference test results were compared with criteria of CLIA '88, low level of AST was positively interfered by hemoglobin and magnesium was negatively interfered by bilirubin. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the Kanto Cica Liquid reagents are valuable in clinical laboratory, since they showed good precision, linearity, and correlation with other reagents.
Bilirubin ; Chemistry* ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Diagnosis ; Glucose ; Indicators and Reagents* ; Iron ; Magnesium ; Triglycerides

BACKGROUND: The Rx Imola (Randox, UK) is newly released bench top - fully automated analyzer based on Window XP software with high-throughput (640 tests per hour with ISE) and continuous random access. We evaluated the performance of Rx Imola for the routine chemistry. METHODS: Repeatability (within-day precision), between-day precision, within-device precision, linearity, recovery rates and correlation were evaluated for 19 items including AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus, albumin, total protein, BUN, creatinine, glucose, amylase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDH, CK and uric acid. Commercialized quality control materials and patient's sera were used. For correlation study, 747-100 (HITACHI, Japan) and VITROS 950 (Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, USA) were used as comparative analyzers. RESULTS: Coefficients of variation (CVs) of all items in repeatability and between-day precision study were below 5%. The linearities were statistically acceptable (R2>0.99) for all items. The recovery rates ranged from 95.7 to 105.3%. The comparison study showed high correlation between Rx Imola and 747-100 or VITROS 950. Correlation coefficients of all items were above 0.99 except HDL and albumin. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed satisfactory results in precision, linearity, recovery rates and comparison studies of Rx Imola. It was expected to be useful for routine chemistry analysis and back up, because of high performance, easy handling and small size.
Amylases ; Bilirubin ; Calcium ; Chemistry* ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Glucose ; Phosphorus ; Quality Control ; Statistics as Topic ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid

Ten trials of external quality assessment for Clinical Chemistry in general chemistry and blood gas were performed in 2005. All the control materials were sent in specifically-made boxes at the same time. The response rates were 90.1% in general chemistry and 84.8% in blood gas. The items included sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, ALP, LD and GGT in general chemistry and pH, pCO2 and pO2 in blood gas. Compared with the previous year (2004), the methods of analysis were changed and the coefficient of variation and VIS scores of general chemistry items were increased.
Bilirubin ; Calcium ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Clinical* ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Glucose ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Korea* ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid

Ten trials of external quality assessment for Clinical Chemistry in general chemistry and blood gas were performed in 2003. All the control materials were sent in specifically-made boxes at the same time. The response rates were 90.3% in general chemistry and 91.8% in blood gas. The items included sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, ALP, LD and GGT in general chemistry and pH, pCO2 and pO2 in blood gas. Compared with the previous year (2002), the methods of analysis are not changed much and the coefficient of variation and VIS scores of general chemistry items are decreased.
Bilirubin ; Calcium ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Clinical* ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Glucose ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Korea* ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid

Ten trials of external quality assessment for Clinical Chemistry in general chemistry and blood gas were performed in 2004. All the control materials were sent in specifically-made boxes at the same time. The response rates were 92.0% in general chemistry and 86.0% in blood gas. The items included sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, ALP, LD and GGT in general chemistry and pH, pCO2 and pO2 in blood gas. Compared with the previous year (2003), the methods of analysis are not changed much and the coefficient of variation and VIS scores of general chemistry items are decreased.
Bilirubin ; Calcium ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Clinical* ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Glucose ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Korea* ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid

Ten trials of external quality assessment for Clinical Chemistry in general chemistry and blood gas were performed in 2002. All the control materials were sent in specially-made boxes at the same time. The response rates were 81.2% in general chemistry and 85.7% in blood gas. The items included sodium, potassium, chloride, BUN, glucose, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, creatinine, bilirubin, total protein, albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, ALP, LD and GGT in general chemistry and pH, pCO2 and pO2 in blood gas. Compared with the previous year(2001), the methods of analysis are not changed much and the coefficient of variation and VIS scores of general chemistry items show no significant change.
Bilirubin ; Calcium ; Chemistry ; Chemistry, Clinical* ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Glucose ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Korea* ; Phosphorus ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid