No abstract available.
Trigger Points*

No abstract available.
Trigger Points*

No abstract available.
Trigger Points*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Trigger Points*

Trigger point injection treatment is an effective and widely applied treatment for myofascial pain syndrome. The trapezius muscle frequently causes myofascial pain in neck area. We herein report a case in which direct pulsed radiofrequency (RF) treatment was applied to the trapezius muscle. We observed that the RF treatment produced continuous pain relief when the effective duration of trigger point injection was temporary in myofascial pain.
Muscles ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; Neck ; Trigger Points

No abstract available.
Chickens* ; Ovum* ; Peripheral Nerves* ; Trigger Points*

Based on the modern anatomy and physiology, the referred pain of myofascial trigger points of each muscle is integrated; compared with the twelve meridians as well as conception vessel and governor vessel, the similarity of their position and running course is observed. With the current research progress of myofascial trigger points and fasciology, based on the running course of referred pain of trigger points, combined with fascia mechanics, nerve and vascular, the location of acupoints and meridians, as well as the relationship between acupoints and meridians, are discussed.
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Meridians ; Muscles ; Pain, Referred ; Trigger Points

OBJECTIVETo investigate the current practice of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) including current epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment.

DATA SOURCESThe data analyzed in this review were mainly from relevant articles without restriction on the publication date reported in PubMed, MedSci, Google scholar. The terms "myofasial trigger points" and "myofacial pain syndrome" were used for the literature search.

STUDY SELECTIONOriginal articles with no limitation of research design and critical reviews containing data relevant to myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) and MPS were retrieved, reviewed, analyzed and summarized.

RESULTSMyofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is characterized by painful taut band, referred pain, and local response twitch with a prevalence of 85% to 95% of incidence. Several factors link to the etiology of MTrPs, such as the chronic injury and overload of muscles. Other factors, such as certain nutrient and hormone insufficiency, comorbidities, and muscle imbalance may also maintain the MTrP in an active status and induce recurrent pain. The current pathology is that an extra leakage acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction induces persistent contracture knots, relative to some hypotheses of integration, muscle spindle discharges, spinal segment sensitization, ect. MTrPs can be diagnosed and localized based on a few subjective criteria. Several approaches, including both direct and supplementary treatments, can inactivate MTrPs. Direct treatments are categorized into invasive and conservative.

CONCLUSIONThis review provides a clear understanding of MTrP pain and introduces the most useful treatment approaches in China.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of cold air application on the pressure threshold of myofascial trigger points. METHOD: The 60 patients with myofascial trigger points in unilateral infraspinatus muscle were divided into 3 groups with equal number and cold air was applied using CRAis (Kyung-won Century, Korea) for 1, 3 and 5 minutes. We examined the changes of pressure threshold in myofascial trigger points before, immediately after and 30 minutes after cold air application. Also we examined the changes of pressure threshold of contralateral infraspinatus muscles. RESULTS: 1) The pressure threshold of trigger point in infraspinatus muscle were increased immediately and 30 minutes after the cold air application as assessed by the pressure algometer (p<0.05). 2) There was no significant correlations in the changes of pressure threshold among 3 groups after the cold air application (p>0.05). 3) There was no significant correlations among the age, the body mass index and the changes of pressure threshold in myofascial trigger points (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the cold air application is a effective method for treatment of myofascial trigger points.
Body Mass Index ; Freezing* ; Humans ; Muscles ; Trigger Points*

Myofascial trigger point(TP) is characterized as an impaired energy metabolism. We hypothesized that the use of dextrose as an energy supplement for TP injection would be more effective than saline or lidocaine. Sixty four typical myofascial pain patients were treated with TP injections. Among them 23 were injected with 5% dextrose water(D/W Group), 20 with normal saline (N/S Group), and 21 with 0.5% lidocaine (Lidocaine Group). Visual analogue scale(VAS) and pressure threshold algometer(kg/cm2) were used as measuring tools before, immediately after, and 7 days after the injection therapies. Mean VAS scores were 6.78 before, 5.19 immediately after, and 3.39 seven days after the injections, and the treatment effects were greater after the second and third injections. Mean differences of pressure threshold were 0.37 before and immediately after injections, and 0.42 before and 7 days after injections. Significant elevation of threshold was noted after the second and third injections. Mean VAS were not significantly different in three groups before and immediately after injections. But after 7 days, only D/W Group showed significantly lower score of 2.39, compared to 3.85 in N/S Group and 4.05 in Lidocaine Group(P<0.01). Mean pressure threshold before and immediately after injections was not different in each group. After seven days D/W Group also showed significantly higher value of 2.49, compared to 1.91 in N/S Group and 2.07 in Lidocaine Group(P<0.05). We have concluded that 5% dextrose water would be the preferable choice for TP injection.
Energy Metabolism ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Lidocaine* ; Trigger Points* ; Water*