No abstract available.
Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency*

No abstract available.
Echocardiography* ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency*

No abstract available.
Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency*

Severe and permanent tricuspid regurgitation induced by pacemaker leads is rarely reported in the literature. The mechanism of pacemaker-induced tricuspid regurgitation has been identified, but its management has not been well established. Furthermore, debate still exists regarding the proper surgical approach. We present the case of a patient with severe tricuspid regurgitation induced by a pacemaker lead, accompanied by triple valve disease. The patient underwent double valve replacement and tricuspid valve repair without removal of the pre-existing pacemaker lead. The operation was successful and the surgical procedure is discussed in detail.
Humans ; Tricuspid Valve ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency*

Humans ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ; Syndrome ; Tricuspid Valve

Quadrangular resection is the gold standard technique for correction of the posterior leaflet prolapse in mitral valve disease. Prompted by the idea that the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve corresponds to the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve in its structure and function, we conducted a quadrangular resection of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve in a case of tricuspid endocarditis. Tricuspid regurgitation was well corrected, and the durability of the repair was proven by the patient's freedom from cardiac events for the following 8 years.
Endocarditis ; Freedom ; Mitral Valve ; Prolapse ; Tricuspid Valve ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency

Optimal surgical timing is of crucial importance for the treatment of valvular heart diseases. Clinical implications of functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) are increasingly being recognized. In contrast to the well-established treatment strategies for left-sided valve disease, optimal surgical timing of functional TR has not yet been established. Several lines of evidence have accumulated over the past 10 years, and now is the perfect time to review the data. The present article reviews the clinical implications and treatment strategies of functional TR, particularly in relation to optimal surgical timing.
Heart Valve Diseases ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency*

Advancement in imaging techniques and interventional cardiology procedures have generated renewed interest in anatomy of tricuspid valve complex. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the morphology of tricuspid valve leaflets using objective criteria. Thirty-six embalmed cadaveric hearts were utilized for the present study. Leaflet morphology was studied using newly defined criteria. Commissural zones were identified and leaflets were delineated. Presence of scallops was also recorded. Single leaflet was observed in six cases, double in 26 cases, and triple in four cases. The anterior leaflet is large with multiple scallops and frequently accrues portion of inferior leaflet. The septal leaflet is in the form of a plateau and also frequently accrues parts of inferior leaflet. The inferior leaflet rarely occurs as independent leaflet. A wide un-indented basal zone exists across the valve leaflets. The study found that the tricuspid valve is rarely tricuspid. It also generated the hypotheses that the tricuspid valve does not open completely due to presence of a wide basal zone and the valve does not close completely owing to incongruence and lack of coaptation of leaflets. The findings provide clear understanding of leaflet morphology of tricuspid valve. This will help imaging specialists for interpretation of images and cardiologists for interventional procedures. The findings also enhance our understanding of pathophysiology of conditions like functional tricuspid regurgitation.
Cadaver ; Cardiology ; Heart ; Pectinidae ; Specialization ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency ; Tricuspid Valve*

Current knowledge of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) as a progressive entity, worsening the prognosis of patients irrespective of its aetiology, has led to renewed interest in the pathophysiology and assessment of FTR. For the proper management of FTR, not only its severity, but also the mechanisms, the mode of leaflet coaptation, the degree of tricuspid annulus enlargement and leaflet tenting, and the haemodynamic consequences for right atrial and right ventricular morphology and function have to be taken into account. A better assessment of the anatomy and function of tricuspid apparatus and tricuspid regurgitation severity should help with the appropriate selection of patients who will benefit from either surgical tricuspid valve repair/replacement or a percutaneous procedure, especially among patients who are to undergo or have undergone primary left-sided valvular surgery. In this article, we review the anatomy, pathophysiology and the use of imaging techniques to assess patients with FTR, as well as the various treatment options for FTR, including emerging transcatheter procedures. The limitations affecting the current approach to FTR patients and the unmet clinical needs for their management have also been discussed.
Diagnosis* ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Tricuspid Valve ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency*

Current knowledge of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) as a progressive entity, worsening the prognosis of patients irrespective of its aetiology, has led to renewed interest in the pathophysiology and assessment of FTR. For the proper management of FTR, not only its severity, but also the mechanisms, the mode of leaflet coaptation, the degree of tricuspid annulus enlargement and leaflet tenting, and the haemodynamic consequences for right atrial and right ventricular morphology and function have to be taken into account. A better assessment of the anatomy and function of tricuspid apparatus and tricuspid regurgitation severity should help with the appropriate selection of patients who will benefit from either surgical tricuspid valve repair/replacement or a percutaneous procedure, especially among patients who are to undergo or have undergone primary left-sided valvular surgery. In this article, we review the anatomy, pathophysiology and the use of imaging techniques to assess patients with FTR, as well as the various treatment options for FTR, including emerging transcatheter procedures. The limitations affecting the current approach to FTR patients and the unmet clinical needs for their management have also been discussed.
Diagnosis* ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Tricuspid Valve ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency*