BACKGROUND: Acne is a relatively common disorder, especially in the adolescent. The condition is characterizecl by comedones, papules and pusi:ules. Acne patients frequently wash their face. Cleansing with an effective agent is therapeutic and preventive for patients suffering from acne vulgaris. OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to compare thc efficacy and safety of a facial clemser consisting of 1% triclosan and 0.5% Ku Shen and a in in the treatment of facial acne vulgaris. METHODS: The study was camed out on two groups of people: a treatment and a control group. Efficacy and safety were assessed at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. Efficacy was determined by investigating counts of non-inflamatory open and closed comedones, and inflamatory papules and pustules. Global improvement was also assessed. RESULTS: At week 12, the mean counts in the differe,nt lesions were as follows; 11.2 versus 17.2 for total lesions (p<0.05); 9.4 versus 11.3 for non-inflammatory lesions (p<0.05); 1.8 versus 5.9 for inflammatory lesions (p<0.05) in the treatment and control group, respectively. A Statistically significant difference was observed in patients overall self-assessment (p<0.05). The Group applying the facial cleanser with 1% triclosan and 0.5% Ku Shen felt significantly better than the one applying the control facial cleanser. Some patients developed mild and transient local side effects. CONCLUSION: Cleansing three times a day with a facial cleanser consisting of l% triclosan and 0.5% Ku Shen was found to be effective ancl safe for patients suffering from acne vulgaris.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Adolescent ; Dronabinol ; Humans ; Self-Assessment ; Triclosan*

Triclosan, a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, was reported to have been widely detected in various human biological samples such as urine, blood and human milk among foreign populations. In China, limited reports have been found on human exposure to triclosan, and the reported urinary triclosan concentrations were significantly lower than that of American populations. Besides, the potential influencing factors still remain unclear regarding human exposure to triclosan, but evidences suggest that those in middle age and with higher household income and higher social class tend to have higher urinary triclosan concentrations. Furthermore, triclosan exposure tend to differ by sex, geography, heredity, metabolism and life style.
China ; Environmental Exposure ; analysis ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Triclosan ; analysis

The triclosan was shown to have anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effect with inhibition of inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether and how PGE2 could be inhibited by triclosan in human gingival fibroblast. Human gingival fibroblast-1 cells (ATCC CRL2014) were pre-treated for 1 hour with triclosan (0.001 microgram/ml~ 10 microgram/ml) and then stimulated with TNF-alpha(1.0 ng/ml). PGE2 synthesis was evaluated by ELISA and gene expression of COX-1 and COX-2 was evaluated by RT-PCR after TNF-alpha, triclosan, and NS-398 (COX-2 inhibitor, 5 micrometer) and/ or cycloheximide (protein synthesis inhibitor, 2 microgram/ml). Triclosan was cytotoxic to human gingival fibroblasts in the concentration higher than 1.0 microgram/ml for longer than 24 hours in tissue culture. The PGE2 synthesis was inhibited by triclosan in dose-dependent manner. Greater COX-2 mRNA suppression was observed with triclosan (0.1 microgram/ml) than with TNF-alphaalone, without change in COX-1 gene expression. Inhibitory effects of triclosan on PGE2 synthesis disappeared in presence of cycloheximide. This study suggests that triclosan inhibit prostaglandin E2 at the level of COX-2 gene regulation and require de novo protein synthesis.
Cycloheximide ; Dinoprostone* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fibroblasts* ; Gene Expression ; Humans* ; RNA, Messenger ; Triclosan* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

BACKGROUND: Porphyrins produced by Propionibacterium acnes exhibit an orange-red fluorescence spot on the pilosebaceous pore under UVA light. Based on this characteristic, the recently developed photographic technique, 'fluorescence photography', warrants mention in the context of acne, especially in the assessment of the presence of bacteria and sebum output. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between sebum output and acne lesion counts with fluorescent density (% fluorescence area). We discuss the possibility of the use of fluorescence photography as a new tool to evaluate acne and sebum levels. METHODS: Total of 39 subjects, 29 males and 10 females, were recruited for this prospective study. To estimate fluorescent density, fluorescent facial images were taken and analyzed with digital fluorescent imaging system and an image analysis program. The sebum output level was measured with a Sebumeter(R). Numbers of acne lesions were counted. Also, sebum output and fluorescent images were compared before and after the use of a facial cleanser containing 1% triclosan. RESULTS: Sebum output level was significantly associated with fluorescent density, but not with the number of acne lesions. However, in the group using triclosan containing cleanser, fluorescent density decreased, while sebum level increased. Therefore, fluorescent density seems to be influenced mainly by the density of P. acnes. CONCLUSION: Fluorescence density correlates with P. acnes mostly followed by sebum output level. Digital fluorescent imaging system is considered as a useful tool to assess sebum excretion as well as colonization of P. acnes.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Bacteria ; Colon ; Female ; Fluorescence* ; Humans ; Male ; Photography ; Porphyrins ; Propionibacterium acnes ; Prospective Studies ; Sebum* ; Statistics as Topic* ; Triclosan

OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial chemicals are used in a variety of household and personal care products. Exposure to antimicrobial household products has been hypothesized to lead to allergic diseases in children. METHODS: We investigated antimicrobial household product exposure and allergic symptoms in Korean children. An antimicrobial exposure (AE) score was derived. To examine the symptoms of allergic diseases (current wheeze, current rhinitis, and current eczema) in the past 12 months, we used a questionnaire based on the core module of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children. Complete data for the analysis were available for 25,805 of the 35,590 (72.5%) children. RESULTS: The prevalence of current allergic diseases was as follows: wheeze, 5.6%; allergic rhinitis, 32.6%; and eczema, 17.7%. The mean (standard deviation) AE score was 14.3 (9.3) (range: 0-40). Compared with subjects with a low AE score (reference), subjects with a high AE score (fourth quartile) were more likely to have symptoms of wheezing and allergic rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for wheezing 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.45, p for trend=0.24; aOR for allergic rhinitis 1.30, 95% CI, 1.20-1.40, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that frequent use of antimicrobial household products was associated with current wheeze and current allergic rhinitis.
Asthma ; Child ; Eczema ; Family Characteristics ; Household Products* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Sounds ; Rhinitis ; Triclosan ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common nosocomial infection in surgical patients, and this accounts for approximately 17% of all hospital-acquired infections. Suture materials are possibly significant sources of SSI. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of Vicryl and PDS plus antibacterial suture coating with triclosan against bacteria. METHODS: Vicryl and PDS plus antibacterial suture coating with and without triclosan were tested for in vitro efficacy against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli by a zone of inhibition assay and test of bacterial adhesion and viability. RESULTS: Vicryl and PDS plus antibacterial suture coating with triclosan demonstrated activity against all tested bacteria in vitro. Evaluations by a zone of inhibition assay and test of bacterial adhesion and viability show the antibacterial activity compared with untreated sutures. Pretreatment of surgical sutures with fetal bovine serum did not diminish antibacterial activity of the triclosan-coated sutures compared with non-coated sutures (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Vicryl and PDS plus antibacterial suture reduced in vitro colonization of several strains of bacteria compared with untreated control sutures.
Bacteria ; Bacterial Adhesion ; Colon ; Cross Infection ; Escherichia coli ; Humans ; Methicillin Resistance ; Polyglactin 910 ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Sutures ; Triclosan

Triclosan (TCS) and bisphenol A (BPA) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that interfere with the hormone or endocrine system and may cause cancer. Kaempferol (Kaem) and 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) are phytoestrogens that play chemopreventive roles in the inhibition of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In this study, the influence of TCS, BPA, Kaem, and DIM on proliferation and apoptotic abilities of VM7Luc4E2 breast cancer cells were examined. MTT assay revealed that TCS (0.1–10 μM), BPA (0.1–10 μM) and E2 (0.01–0.0001 μM) induced significant cell proliferation of VM7Luc4E2 cells, which was restored to the control (0.1% DMSO) by co-treatment with Kaem (30 μM) or DIM (15 μM). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production assays showed that TCS and BPA inhibited ROS production of VM7Luc4E2 cells similar to E2, but that co-treatment with Kaem or DIM on VM7Luc4E2 cells induced increased ROS production. Based on these results, the effects of TCS, BPA, Kaem, and DIM on protein expression of apoptosis and ROS production-related markers such as Bax and Bcl-xl, as well as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related markers such as eIF2α and CHOP were investigated by Western blot assay. The results revealed that TCS, and BPA induced anti-apoptosis by reducing ROS production and ER stress. However, Kaem and DIM effectively inhibited TCS and BPA-induced anti-apoptotic processes in VM7Luc4E2 cells. Overall, TCS and BPA were revealed to be distinct xenoestrogens that enhanced proliferation and anti-apoptosis, while Kaem and DIM were identified as natural chemopreventive compounds that effectively inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation and increased anti-apoptosis induced by TCS and BPA.
Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Proliferation ; Endocrine System ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; Phytoestrogens* ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Triclosan*

BACKGROUND: We aimed to find the exposure level of triclosan (TCS), a known endocrine disruptor, related to the use of personal care products using a nationally representative data of the general population in Korea. METHODS: This study included data of 6288 adults aged 19 years and older (2692 men, 3596 women), based on the Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS 2012–2014). The data were divided according to gender. The frequency and proportion of each variable were determined by dividing participants into two groups based on the top 75th percentile concentration of urinary TCS (male: 1.096 μg/g creatinine, female: 1.329 μg/g creatinine). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis for the high TCS exposure and low TCS exposure groups. RESULTS: Overall, the proportion of participants using personal care products was higher in women than in men. There was a significantly higher proportion of participants in the high TCS exposure group with younger age, higher education and income levels and with more frequent use of fragrance products, hair care products, body cleansers, cosmetics, and antimicrobial agents. In both men and women, ORs tended to increase with increased frequency of use of hair care products, body cleansers, and cosmetics before and after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that as the frequency of use of personal care products increases, urine TCS concentration increases. Because TCS is a well-known endocrine disruptor, further studies are needed and explore other health effects with exposure to TCS in general population in Korea. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1186/s40557-019-0283-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Adult ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Creatinine ; Education ; Environmental Health ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Triclosan

The skin of individuals with atopic dermatitis has a susceptibility to be colonized with Staphylococcus aureus. This has been associated with increased frequency and severity of exacerbations of atopic dermatitis. Therefore, there is a growing interest in the use of antiseptic agents to target primary bacterial colonization and infection. Antiseptic agents have been found to be better tolerated and less likely to induce bacterial resistance as compared to antibiotics. There is also a wide variety of antiseptic agents available. The efficacy of antiseptic agents has yet to be established as the studies reviewed previously have been small and of suboptimal quality. This review discusses the rationale behind targeting S. aureus with antiseptic agents and presents findings from a review of studies assessing the efficacy of antiseptics in atopic dermatitis in the last five years. Four studies were found, including a bleach bath study which has already been reviewed elsewhere. The remaining 3 studies assessed the efficacy of sodium hypochlorite containing cleansing body wash, sodium hypochlorite baths and 1% triclosan in leave on emollient. These studies suggested some benefit for the inclusion of antiseptic use with the mainstay management of atopic dermatitis, including a potential steroid sparring effect. However, there are many limitations to these studies which therefore warrant further investigation on the impact of antiseptic use in atopic dermatitis.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Baths ; Colon ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Skin ; Sodium Hypochlorite ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Triclosan

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that exposure to paraben (Pb) and triclosan (TCS) is associated with allergies. However, Pb and TCS exposure in the Japanese population is not fully understood. OBJECTIVES: The present study was aimed to examine such exposure among Japanese individuals with allergic diseases. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire survey to evaluate allergic outcomes and the collection of urine samples to examine Pb and TCS exposure. RESULTS: Pb containing daily commodities was used in 84.8% children. Pb use was positively associated with current atopic dermatitis (adjusted odds ratio, 4.61; 95% confidence interval, 1.23–17.3). Urinary Pb concentrations were increased significantly in those with current atopic dermatitis (AD) (median, 4.58 vs. 0; p < 0.0001), and showed an increased tendency in those with current wheeze (median, 3.45 vs. 1.81; p = 0.0535) in participants ≤15 years old. Urinary TCS concentration was under the limit of detection in all children. CONCLUSION: Urinary levels of Pb were associated with current AD in children. We should pay more attention about Pb and TCS.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Asthma ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Limit of Detection ; Odds Ratio ; Respiratory Sounds ; Triclosan