We present a human infection with the canine whipworm, Trichuris vulpis, in a child suffering from rhinitis with a diagnosis of rhinitis. T. vulpis eggs resemble those of T. trichiura but they can be differentiated based on their morphological features and egg size, using micrometry with an ocular micrometer. T. vulpis eggs measured an average of 90 microm by 44 microm (range 86-99 microm by 38-47 microm). Prevalence of hookworms (28.1%), Toxocara canis (11.8%), and Trichuris vulpis (3.5%) was found in 292 fecal samples of dogs collected at the peri-domicile, which showed that the risk of infection was not only fortuitous. The treatment of canine whipworm infections is similar to that of T. trichiura infection. We recommend differentiation of the 2 species for their epidemiological and prevention implications.
Animals ; Child ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Humans ; Trichuriasis/diagnosis/*parasitology ; Trichuris/*isolation & purification/physiology

Cockroaches are abundant in Nigeria and are seen to harbour an array of pathogens. Environmental and sanitary conditions associated with demographic/socio-economic settings of an area could contribute to the prevalence of disease pathogens in cockroaches. A total of 246 cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) in urban (Benin, n=91), semi-urban (Ekpoma, n=75) and rural (Emuhi, n=70) settings in Edo State, Nigeria were collected within and around households. The external body surfaces and alimentary canal of these cockroaches were screened for bacterial, fungal, and parasitological infections. Bacillus sp. and Escherichia coli were the most common bacteria in cockroaches. However, Enterococcus faecalis could not be isolated in cockroaches trapped from Ekpoma and Emuhi. Aspergillus niger was the most prevalent fungus in Benin and Ekpoma, while Mucor sp. was predominant in Emuhi. Parasitological investigations revealed the preponderance of Ascaris lumbricoides in Benin and Emuhi, while Trichuris trichura was the most predominant in Ekpoma. The prevalence and burden of infection in cockroaches is likely to be a reflection of the sanitary conditions of these areas. Also, cockroaches in these areas making incursions in homes may increase the risk of human infections with these disease agents.
Animals ; Ascaris lumbricoides/isolation & purification ; Aspergillus niger/isolation & purification ; Bacillus/isolation & purification ; Cockroaches/*microbiology/*parasitology ; Escherichia coli/isolation & purification ; Nigeria ; Sanitation ; Trichuris/isolation & purification

A rare human case of gastroenteritis and eosinophilic ascites associated with gastric trichuriasis is described. The patient was a 32-yr-old woman who was working in a farm near Pohang, Korea. She complained of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. Endoscopic examination found focal linear hyperemia on the mucosa of the stomach antrum, and endoscopic biopsy confirmed eosinophilic inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach, terminal ileum, and cecum. The biopsy specimen of the stomach included a female Trichuris trichiura which was covered by many inflammatory cells on its surface. Ascites and intestinal wall thickening was found by CT scan, and Douglas pouch centesis aspirated bloody ascites which included many eosinophils. She was medicated with prednisolone and albendazole and cured. She is the first case of eosinophilic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and ascites associated with trichuriasis in the stomach.
Adult ; Animals ; Ascites/parasitology ; Eosinophilia/parasitology ; Female ; Gastroenteritis/*parasitology ; Human ; Stomach/parasitology ; Trichuriasis/*complications ; Trichuris/*isolation & purification

A paleoparasitological survey to detect helminth eggs was performed in archaeological sites of Jeolla-do and Jeju-do, the Republic of Korea. Total 593 soil samples were collected in 12 sites of Jeolla-do and 5 sites of Jeju-do from April to November 2011, and examined by the methods of Pike and coworkers. A total of 4 helminth eggs, 2 eggs each for Trichuris trichiura and Ascaris sp., were found in soil samples from 1 site, in Hyangyang-ri, Jangheung-eup, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanam-do. The egg-recovery layer was presumed to represent a 19th century farm, which fact suggested the use of human manures. This is the third archaeological discovery of parasite eggs in Jeolla-do. Additionally, no helminth eggs in archaeological sites of Jeju-do is an interesting problem to be solved in the further investigations.
Animals ; *Archaeology ; Ascaris/classification/*isolation & purification ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Ovum/classification ; *Paleontology ; Parasite Egg Count ; Parasitology/*history ; Republic of Korea ; Soil/*parasitology ; Trichuris/classification/*isolation & purification

Natural habitat fragmentation and reducing habitat quality have resulted in an increased appearance of Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata (Gray, 1870), in suburban areas in Japan. To investigate the risk of zoonotic infections, a coprological survey of helminth eggs passed by wild Japanese macaques was carried out in 2009 and 2010 in Shiga Prefecture, Japan. Microscopic examination found helminth eggs in high prevalence, and nucleotide sequencing of DNA extracted from the eggs identified Oesophagostomum cf. aculeatum and Trichuris trichiura. A fecal culture also detected infective larvae of Strongyloides fuelleborni. These zoonotic nematodes pose a potential health issue to local people in areas frequented by Japanese macaques.
Animals ; DNA/chemistry/genetics ; Feces/*parasitology ; Japan ; Macaca ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oesophagostomiasis/parasitology/*veterinary ; Oesophagostomum/classification/*isolation & purification ; Primate Diseases/*parasitology ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Strongyloides/classification/isolation & purification ; Strongyloidiasis/parasitology/veterinary ; Trichuriasis/parasitology/*veterinary ; Trichuris/classification/*isolation & purification

OBJECTIVETo study nematode parasites morphology of Hystrix javanica (H. javanica), both through the feces and internal organs.

METHODSFeces were observed by direct smear method, internal organs were observed after dissecting the host. Specimens for light microscopy examination were fixed with 70% warm alcohol, cleared and mounted in lactophenol for wet mounting. Specimens for SEM examination were postfixed in cacodylate buffer and glutaraldehyde, dehydrated through a graded series of alcohol and freeze dried. The specimens were attached to stubs with double cello-tape, coated with gold and observed with a JSM5310 LV electron microscope. Figures were made with the aid of a drawing tube attached to Olympus compound microscope, other figures were photographs of scanning electron microscope images. Measurements were given in micrometers as the mean followed by the range in parentheses, unless otherwise stated.

RESULTSThe nematode species found in the intestine of H. javanica are Gireterakis girardi and a new species, Trihuris landak. The new species differs with previously reported species from Hystrix because of having stylet and short cervical alae. The pattern of bacillary band is closed to Trichuris trichiurus, the species that infect human, but differs because the surface of its vulva is not covered with densely spine.

CONCLUSIONSThe species of nematodes found on H. javanica were Gireterakis girardi and a new species Trichuris landak n.sp. Those two species are newly recorded in Indonesia.

Animals ; Ascaridida ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Ascaridida Infections ; parasitology ; veterinary ; Feces ; parasitology ; Female ; Indonesia ; Intestines ; parasitology ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; veterinary ; Ovum ; physiology ; ultrastructure ; Porcupines ; parasitology ; Species Specificity ; Trichuriasis ; parasitology ; veterinary ; Trichuris ; anatomy & histology ; classification ; isolation & purification ; physiology

The present study investigated characteristics of 24 parasite infection cases detected during colonoscopy in a regional hospital from January 2001 to December 2008. Sixteen patients were confirmed with Trichuris trichiura infection, 6 patients were with Ascaris lumbricoides infection, 1 patient with Enterobius vermicularis infection, and 1 patient with Anisakis infection. Among them, 7 patients (43.8%) were asymptomatic. Colonoscopy findings were normal in 18 patients (75.0%). Among the patients with T. trichiura infection, colonoscopy showed several erosions in 2 patients (8.3%) and non-specific inflammation of the affected segment of the colon in 3 patients (12.5%). In 1 patient with anisakiasis, colonoscopy revealed a markedly swollen colonic wall. Stool examinations were performed before treatment in 7 patients (29.2%) and were all negative for parasite eggs or worms. These results suggest that colonoscopy is a useful diagnostic approach for parasitic infections even for asymptomatic patients and for patients with negative stool examinations.
Adult ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Anisakis/isolation & purification ; Ascaris lumbricoides/isolation & purification ; *Colonoscopy ; Enterobius/isolation & purification ; Feces/parasitology ; Female ; Helminthiasis/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/pathology ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea ; Trichuris/isolation & purification ; Young Adult