Author studied on the incidence of intestinal parasites with fecal examination on the out patient Pusan University Hospital, between from January to December 1969. The method employed were Formalin-Ether and flotation method in 3,510 for the prevalence rate of intestinal helminthes(Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichocephalus trichiurus, Trichostrongylus orientalis). The following results were obtained: The positive rate of intestinal helminthes of total was 65.4 percent among 3,510 persons. The infection rate of Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, Trichocephalus trichiurus, Trichostrongylus orientalis were 19.3 %, 6.5 %, 55.2 % and 46.1 %. The female (66.4%) had definitely higher infection rate than male (65.0 %). The age group of 51-60 year of the male showed highest infection rate 75.4 % and the age group 31-40 year of the female showed highest infection rate 72.9 %.
parasitology-epidemiology-helminth ; nematode ; trematode ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; hookworm ; Trichocephalus trichiurus ; Trichostrongylus orientalis

A total of 100 hookworm infested patients were divided into two groups. One group of 49 received pyrantel embonate in a single oral dose of 10 mg as the base per kg body weight and the other group of 51 a single oral dose of 5.0 gm bephenium hydroxynaphthoate for a comparison of efficacy on hookworm infestation and other intestinal helminths. Forty-two(85.7%) cases of hookworm treated with pyrantel embonate were cured and there was a 99.9 per cent mean reduction in fecal egg count. Of the 51 patients who received bephenium hydroxynaphthoate complete cure occurred in 76.5 per cent and the mean reduction in fecal egg count was 91.8 per cent. These results plus the lower incidence of side effects recorded in the pyrnatel group suggest that pyrantel embonate is the more desirable trestment. Pyrantel embonate was highly effective against Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichostrongylus orientalis and both drugs were moderately effective against Trichuris trichiura. During the course of the study measurements of hematology, biochemistry and examinations of urine specimens were carried out. All values were normal throughout the study and no significant difference was observed between pyrantel embonate and bephenium hydroxynaphthoate treated subjects. Side effects were more common in the bephenium hydroxynaphthoate treated group.
parasitology-helminth-nematode ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Trichostrongylus orientalis ; chemotherapy ; pyrantel embonate ; bephenium hydroxynaphthoate

A parasitic survey on vegetables collected from markets and vegetable gardens in Taegu area was conducted for the discovery of human parasitic eggs and larvae. Three species of vegetable, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), young radish(Raphanus sapivus) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) were selected. All vegetable leaves were washed with a hard brush, and then species of parasites and the approximate mean number of parasitic eggs per 200 grams of vegetable leaves were investigated. When vegetables collected from markets were examined, 5 species of parasite eggs (ascarid, trichurid, Trichostrongylus, Clonorchis and hookworms) and 2 larvae (filariform and rhabditoid ) were found. Furthermore, a number of eggs and larvae of undetermined species were also observed. Of the parasites studied, ascarid egg was found to be highest (49.0%), followed Trichostrongylus egg(18.0%) as well as filariform larva of hookworms (19.7%), and the least often observed was rhabditoid larva of hookworms(0.7%). The recovery rate of parasites among lettuce, young radish and Chinese cabbage collected from markets ranged from 23.2 to 91.9 percent and was similar to that from vegetable gardens, where Chinese cabbage showed the highest (91.1%) and lettuce being next(49.0%) in positivity of ascarid eggs. In the case of filariform larva, the rate of Chinese cabbage was twice as high as that of lettuce and young radish. There was a significant reduction in the rate of filariform larva, suggesting that a single washing of vegetables at the vegetable washing stand would reduce the number of parasites attached to vegetable leaves, when young radish washed at the stand was compared with that unwashed. In the monthly rate of parasites recovered from young radish, there was significant fluctuations between the eggs and filariform larva of hookworms. The mean number of ascarid egg per 200 grams of vegetable was 7.5 in young radishes, 3.1 in lettuces, and 0.5 in Chinese cabbages, in decreasing order. It is noteworthy that young radish contained more than 10 times more than Chinese cabbage. These results would seem to indicate that one of the important routes of infection is due to consumption of pickled young radishes in summer than pickled Chinese cabbages in winter.
parasitology-nematoda-trematoda ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Trichuris trichiura ; Trichostrongylus orientalis ; Clonorchis sinensis ; hookworm ; epidemiology

: A clinical trial of Korean Patent mebendazole was undertaken upon some intestinal helminthic infections in 288 rural Koreans residing in Pochun and Jinyang Gun, from November to December, 1976. They were examined by the cellophane thick smear technique, Stoll's egg counting technique and/or Scotch-tape anal swab before and 3 weeks after the treatment. The administered dose of mebendazole was 600 mg, divided by 100 mg, twice daily for 3 consecutive days disregarding the body weight and the age of the cases. It was confirmed that mebendazole is very effective, broad-spectrum anthelmintic, especially against Ascaris, Ancylostoma, Trichostrongylus and Enterobius infections. Their negative conversion rate and egg reduction rate were respectively; 94.0 and 99.6 per cent in Ascaris, 71.4 and 97.3 per cent in Ancylostoma and 95.0 and 100 per cent in Trichostrongylus. The negative conversion rate in Enterobius was 92.3 per cent. The anthelmintic efficacy against T. trichiura infection was not satisfactory in spite of low worm burden (negative conversion rate, 27.3%, egg reduction rate, 65.5%).
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Ancylostoma duodenale ; Trichostrongylus orientalis ; Trichuris trichiura ; chemotherapy-mebendazole ; Enterobius vermiculariss

A study was required to evaluate the prevalence of clonorchiasis among school children in the 7 differnet schools located near the Gumho basin and to determine the effectiveness of the anticlonorchis campaign conducted in that area. Surveys for Clonorchis sinensis and the worm burden in the same areas were compared for the period 1960-1970. Both surveys concentrated on children in grades 1-3 ranging from 6-11 years old. They were examined using primarily intradermal tests with Clonorchis antigen and followed by stool examinations. Stool examinations consisting of the formalin-ether sedimentation(Ritchie, 1948 ) and the Stoll egg-count techniques were performed in those cases which revealed positive and doubtful intradermal reactions. The overall prevalence rate for clonorchiasis was reduced from 13.4 per cent to 4.1 per cent. There was also a significant reduction in the worm burden, suggesting that no clonorchiasis will be found among chileren in the near future. In connection with this survey, the prevalence rate for intestinal helminths in 1960 was compared with 1970. The rate for Ascaris lumbricoides had decreased, while the rates for Trichuris trichiura and Trichostrongylus species had increased. No fluctuation in the rate of hookworm was observed during the past 10 years. Clearly, the present survey denotes a requirement for a combined procedure of health education and mass survey with intradermal testing. It has been found that these methods not only greatly reduce the prevalence of clonorchiasis but also is followed by the marked reductions of the worm burdens of the children examined.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda-nematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Trichuris trichiura ; Trichostrongylus species ; epidemiology

A survey on vegetables, which consisted of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), young radish (Raphanus sapivus), and chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) collected from 6 markets in the Taegu city, was conducted for the discovery of helminth eggs and larvae, from July 1982 to June 1983. The results were compared with the data obtained from vegetables collected at the same markets by Lee (1969) and Choi and Lee (1972). Both sides of vegetable leaves were washed carefully with a hard brush, and the species of parasites and the mean number of parasites per 200 g of vegetable were determined. When vegetable were examined, 4 species of parasite eggs (ascarid, Trichostrongylus, liver fluke, and hookworms) and 2 larvae (filariform and rhabditoid larvae) were found. Of the parasite discovered, ascarid egg was found to be highest (4.2 percent), followed by hookworm egg (3.6 percent). The mean number of ascarid egg per 200 grams of vegetable was 0.6 in young radishes, and 0.3 in both lettuces and chinese cabbages. Similarly, the number of filariform larva of hookworm was 0.4 in young radishes, 0.3 in lettuces, and 0.l in chinese cabbages, and the number of rhabditoid larva was 0.2 in young radishes, 0.1 in lettuces, and 0.05 in chinese cabbages. In the results obtained by Lee (1969) and Choi and Lee (1972), the mean number of ascarid egg per 200 grams of vegetable was 7.5 in young radishes, 3.l in lettuces, and 0.5 in chinese cabbages. By contrast, in the present study it was 0.6 in young radishes and 0.3 in both lettuces and chinese cabbages. These results suggest that there has been significant reduction in the incidence of parasite egg and larva on vegetable leaves during the past 10 years.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-trematoda ; ascarid ; Trichostrongylus ; Clonorchis sinensis ; hookworm ; filariform larva ; rhabditoid larva ; egg ; epidemiology

To evaluate the Kato's cellophane thick smear techcique in detection ability of various helminth ova, authors examined 1,843 nationwidely collected stool specimens by the two methods, formalin-ether technique and cellophane thick smear technique. And the results were analyzed. The positive rates of following helminth ova were superior in cellophane thick smear technique to those of formalin-ether technique: Ascaris lumbricoides(62.3% : 51.1%), Taenia species (1.5% : 0.9%). The difference in A. lumbricoides ova detection is highly significant one. The overall positive rate for helminths ova was also higher in Kato's method (92.3% : 90.0%). The positive fates of following helminth ova were infrior in cellophane thick smear technique to those of formalin-ether technique: Hookworm (5.8% : 14.6%), Trichostrongylus orientalis(3.2% : 17.8%), Clonorchis sinensis(8.3% : 11.0%), Metagonimus yokogawai (0.6% : 1.7%) and Hymenolepis nana(0.05% : 0.3%). The positive rate for the ova of Trichocephalus trichiurus by the two methods was incidentally same, 74.1%. The causes of inferior positive rates in some helminth ova by cellophane thick smear technique were shortly discussed and suggests some opinions in improvement of detection ability.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; diagnosis ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Taenia species ; Hookworm ; Trichostrongylus orientalis ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; Trichocephalus trichiurus

The authors made a study on the species and distribution of helminths in Korean native cattle. The feces and internal organs from 1,755 heads were examined in slaughter plants of Taejon district. The results are summarized as follows. Distribution and infestation rate of helminths among the collected samples are, Paramphistomum spp. 68.4 per cent, Fasciola spp. 48 per cent, Eurytrema spp. 23.5 per cent, Moniezia spp. 8 per cent, Dictyocaulus spp. 3.5 per cent, Trichostrongylus spp. 12.4 per cent, and other species 26.8 per cent, respectively. In 33.4 per cent of ths cases, single infestation was seen and in 31.5 per cent, 18.0 per cent, and 14.0 per cnet mixed infestation of double, triple, and quadruple or more species were seen, respectively. Geographical analysis of infested helminths in the native cattle indicates: Among the trematoda order, Paramphistomum spp. and Fasciola spp. showed high rate of infestation throughout all districts of the country, especially Cheju island with a significant higher rate. Central district (Taejon) was higher in number of native cattle infested with Fasciola spp. than any other district of the country investigated. The rate of infestation with cestoda also showed to be higher in Cheju island than any other district of main land, but the rate of infestation with other nematoda showed no geographical difference.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-trematoda-cestoda ; Paramphistomum spp. ; Fasciola spp. ; Eurytrema spp. ; Moniezia spp. ; Dictyocaulus spp. ; Trichostrongylus spp. ; epidemiology-cattle

This study was undertaken to evaluate the present status of intestinal helminthic infections in Koreans, from April 1967 through May 1969. The nationwidely collected stool specimens and scotch-tape anal swabs from primary schoolchildren, middle school students, draftees to army recruitment camp, soldiers and inhabitants of various parts of Korea were examined. The methods employed were Kato's cellophane thick smear technique and formalin-ether sedimentation technique in 40,581 for the prevalence rate of various intestinal helminths, scotch-tape anal swab technique in 8,585 for the prevalence rate of Enterobius vermicularis and by Stoll's dilution egg counting technique in 1,174 for the evaluation of the worm burden of some helminths. The results are as follows. Result of stool examination: The positive rate of intesinal helminthes of any kind was 90.5% among 40,581. In rural people, it was 92.3% in average in contrast to 85.0% in Seoul inhabitants. The infection rate of A. lumbricoides in 40,581 was 58.2%. It was higher in rural people 62.9% than in Seoul inhabitants and highest in 5-9 year-old group by age. The infection of Trichocephalus trichiurus showed the highest prevalence rate in Koreans and it was 74.5%. No remarkable difference was observed between Seoul inhabitants(72.2%) and rural people(75.2%). The tendency of higher prevalence rate with the older age group was observed. The infection rates of hookworm and Trichostrongylus orientalis in 40,581 examinations by cellophane thick smear were 5.1% and 5.8% respectively. But in 4,949 examinations for which refined cellophane thick smear technique and formalin-ether sedimentation technique were employed, the infection rates were turned out 17.6% in hookworm and 15.9% in T. orientalis. Although rural people showed higher infection rate of hookworm(18.8%) than Seoul inhabitants(13.8%), the reverse was true in T. orientalis infection rate(14.5% : 20.3%). Both kinds of infections were tend to be higher with the increase of age. The infection rates of Clonorchis sinensis and Metagonimus yokogawai were 4.7% and 0.4% respectively. In both kinds of infections male showed higher infection rates than female and the tendencies of higher infection rate in the older age group were observed. The provinces which showed the higher infection rate of C. sinensis were South and North Kyongsang Do and North Cholla Do, all of which are provinces of southern part of Korea. Some endemic foci of M. yokogawai were noticed in South Kyongsang Do and South Cholla Do. The infection rate of Taenia spp. by applying only the stool examination was 0.7% throughout the survey. No sex difference in infection rate of Taenia spp. was noticed, but in older age group it was increased. Cheju Do, the island of extreme southern part of Korea seemed the most endemic area and South and North Cholla Do were next in ranking of Taenia infection rate. The ova of Hymenolepis nana were observed in 0.2% and all of them were under the age of 20 except only one caes. The infection rate seemed higher in female (0.3%: 0.1%). No geographical difference was noticed except 1.1% of schoolchilderen and students of Cheju Do. Result of Scotch-tape anal swab technique for E. vermicularis infection. The infection rate of E. vermicularis in 8,585 urban and rural schoolchildren and rural inhabitants was 46.6%. Female (57.9%) had definitely higher infection rate than male (41.4%). The infection rate was significantly higher in rural people than Seoul schoolchildren. The exteme example was 79.7% in schoolchildren of South Cholla Do. Result of worm burden examination by Stoll's dilution egg-counting technique: Among 1,174 examinations, countable(E.P.G.> 100) cases of A. lumbricoides were 745(63.5%) and the mean E.P.G. was 9,723. The mean E.P.G. in Seoul inhabitants was 5,835 in contrast to 10,820 in rural people. The age group of 5-9 showed the heaviest mean E.P.G., 11,337. 70.6% of 745 cases were less than 10,000 in E.P.G. which means light infection. Countable cases by Stoll's technique for T. trichiurus ova were 63.5% and mean E.P.G. was 649. No difference between Seoul and rural inhabitants was observed. Grade I and II in which E.P.G. is less than 5,000 involve 99.3% of positive cases. 91 cases (7.9%) in 1,174 were positive for hookworm ova by Stoll's technique and mean E.P.G. was 501. All cases were in Grade I and II which were less than 5,000 in E.P.G. Trichostrongylus orientalis was positive only in 25 cases (2.1%) by Stoll's technique and mean E.P.G. was 340. No cases were found to have more than 5,000 in T. orientalis E.P.G. The mean E.P.G. of Clonorchis sinensis among the referred cases of clonorchiasis to Department of Parasitology, Seoul National University, was 9,416. On the other hand mean E.P.G. of C. sinensis was 21,376 among cases in the hyperendemic area of Kimhae, South Kyongsang Do, and 3,073 in cases from other various localities. Among referred clonorchiasis cases to our Department, 21.6% were turned out to have the E.P.G. more than 10,000. The cases who have the E.P.G. more than 10,000 in hyperendemic area, Kimhae were 40.7% and in other various localities were 9.1%
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-trematoda-cestoda ; epidemiology ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Trichocephalus trichiurus ; Trichostrongylus orientalis ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; Taenia sp. ; Hymenolepis nana ; Enterobius vermicularis

The authors examined 3,169 fecal specimens from inhabitants of seven localities such as City, Eups and Myons in Cheju Do on July 1970 with cellophane thick smear technique. The results were analysed and summarized as follows: The overall egg positive rate of helminths was 82.2% and it was attributed to high rates of soil-transmitted helminths as in case of other parts in Korea. The infection rates of each species were; A. lumbricoides 44.3%, T. trichiurus 65.6%, hookworm 1.5%, T. orientalis 0.8%, C. sinensis 0.2%, P. westermani 0.4%, M. yokogawai 0.9%, Taenia sp. 12.7% and H. nana 1.4%. The infection rates of soil-transmitted helminths were relatively lower than those of mainland Korea especially in case of hookworm and T. orientalis. The proportion of unfertilized ova passers among the Ascaris infected case was 22.1%. The ova of heterophyids, most probably Metagonimus yokogawai were detected in lower percentage but discovered throughout the localities surveyed and in all age groups. It is certainly presumed that Metagonimus infection is autochthonous. The most interesting results were obtained in Taenia sp. infection and the higher rates were shown in rural area than in urbanized areas. The positive rates were within 5% in childhood and adolescence but abruptly increased up to 36.4 % in adults.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda-trematoda-cestoda ; Ascaris lumbricoides ; Trichuris trichiura ; hookworm ; Trichostrongylus orientalis ; Clonorchis sinensis ; Paragonimus westermani ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; Taenia sp. ; Hymenolepis nana