Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted disease by Trichomonas vaginalis infection that may be associated with preterm delivery and low birth weight in the newborn infants. T. vaginalis may be transmitted to neonates during passage through an infected birth canal and neonatal infection is usually self-limiting course, but rare cases of symptomatic neonatal infection such as vaginitis, urinary tract infection and respiratory infection have been reported. We experienced a case of symptomatic neonatal trichomoniasis which was confirmed by wet mount examination of vaginal discharge and urine specimens in premature baby with intrauterine growth retardation. The patient had complete resolution of symptoms such as vaginal discharge and pyuria after treatment with ornidazole (tiberalR). We report this case with a brief review of the related literatures.
Fetal Growth Retardation ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Ornidazole ; Parturition ; Pyuria ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Trichomonas vaginalis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Vaginal Discharge ; Vaginitis

The objectives of this study were to conduct a prevalence survey of trichomoniasis in pregnant women and to evaluate the utility of different methods for its diagnosis. A total of 597 vaginal exudates from pregnant women who were examined at the Hospital de Clinicas in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 1 August 2005 to 31 January 2007, were prospectively and consecutively evaluated. The investigation of Trichomonas vaginalis was made by different microscopic examinations, and culture on liquid medium. The sensitivity and specificity of the microscopic examinations were assessed considering culture on liquid medium as the "gold standard". The prevalence of T. vaginalis obtained by culture on liquid medium was 4.0% (24/597). The prevalence of T. vaginalis obtained by direct wet smear, prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa staining, and sodium acetate-formalin (SAF)/methylene blue staining-fixing technique was 1.8%, 2.3% and 2.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of the direct wet smear was 45.8%, that of the prolonged May-Grunwald Giemsa staining was 58.3%, and that of the SAF/methylene blue method was 62.5%. Considering the 3 microscopic examinations altogether, the sensitivity rose to 66.7% and the specificity was 100% for all of them. This is the first time that the prevalence data of T. vaginalis by culture in pregnant women are published in Argentina. Due to the low sensitivity obtained by microscopy in asymptomatic pregnant women, the use of the liquid medium is recommended during pregnancy, in order to provide an early diagnosis and treatment.
Argentina/epidemiology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Female ; Humans ; Microscopy/*methods ; Parasitology/*methods ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/parasitology ; Pregnant Women ; Prevalence ; Prospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Trichomonas Infections/*diagnosis/*epidemiology/parasitology ; Trichomonas vaginalis/growth & development/*isolation & purification

To evaluate whether iron concentration in TYM medium influence on hydrogenosomal enzyme gene expression and hydrogenosomal membrane potential of Trichomonas vaginalis, trophozoites were cultivated in irondepleted, normal and iron-supplemented TYM media. The mRNA of hydrogenosomal enzymes, such as pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR), hydrogenase, ferredoxin and malic enzyme, was increased with iron concentrations in T. vaginalis culture media, measured by RT-PCR. Hydrogenosomal membrane potentials measured with DiOC6 also showed similar tendency, e.g. T. vaginalis cultivated in iron-depleted and iron-supplemented media for 3 days showed a significantly reduced and enhanced hydrogenosomal membrane potential compared with that of normal TYM media, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that iron may regulate hydrogenosomal activity through hydrogenosomal enzyme expression and hydrogenosomal membrane potential.
Trichomonas vaginalis/*growth & development ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pyruvate Synthase/genetics/metabolism ; Organelles/*enzymology/metabolism/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials ; Malate Dehydrogenase/genetics/metabolism ; Iron/*metabolism ; Hydrogenase/genetics/metabolism ; Hydrogen/*metabolism ; Humans ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Ferredoxins/genetics/metabolism ; Culture Media ; Animals