Aims: Knowledge of the Trichoderma taxa is important for both control efficiency and environmental conservation. Therefore, the objective of this study is to isolate and identify Trichoderma species from various rhizosphere soil samples using phenotypic and molecular characterization. Methodology and results: Native Trichoderma spp. were isolated from agricultural fields in 17 sites from seven states of Malaysia. These isolates were characterized via morphological observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the translation elongation factor-1α (tef1-α) gene. About 42 isolates were classified into eight Trichoderma species, which are Trichoderma asperellum, T. hamatum, T. harzianum, T. koningiopsis, T. rodmanii, T. spirale, T. viride and T. virens. Comparison of DNA sequences of tef1-α showed that the isolates were 98-100% similar to respective Trichoderma species from GenBank, thus confirming the fungal identity. Phylogenetic trees of maximum likelihood (ML) dataset of tef1-α inferred that the isolates were clustered according to species. Conclusion, significance and impact of study Findings in the present study will be beneficial for the purposes of biodiversity conservation and plant disease management using biocontrol agents.
Trichoderma--isolation & ; purification ; Rhizosphere

OBJECTIVETo identify the endophytic fungal strain PR35 separated from Paeonia delavayi and study chemical constituents of its secondary metabolites.

METHODThe fungal strain PR35 was identified by morphological observation and ITS rDNA sequence analysis. Various chromatographic methods were adopted to separate and purify its secondary metabolites, and their structures were identified by physiochemical properties and spectral data

RESULTThe fungal strain PR35 was identified as Trichoderma longibrachiatum. Five compounds were separated from fermentation products of fungal strain PR35 and identified as 1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxybutan-1-one (1), 1-(2,6-dihydroxypheny) propan-1-one (2), 1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl) butan-1-one (3), 4-methoxy-1-naphthol (4), and cerevisterol (5). Among them, compounds 1-3 showed notable antifungal activities against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum and Hormodendrum compactum.

CONCLUSIONThe endophytic fungus T. longibrachiatum was separated from the plant P. delavayi for the first time. Five compounds were first separated from endophytic fungus of P. delavayi. Among them, compound 4 was separated from microbial fermentation products for the first time.

DNA, Fungal ; genetics ; DNA, Intergenic ; genetics ; Endophytes ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Paeonia ; microbiology ; Phylogeny ; Trichoderma ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism

Using Trichoderma as an indicative fungus, three antifungal proteins in Triticale Zhongsi 237 seed were purified and characterized. These protein components were considered to be a new Class II chitinase and two kinds of beta-1, 3-glucanases. Chitinase molecular mass was 30.5 kD and enzyme activity was maximal at pH 6.0 and 37 degrees C. Two beta-glucanases molecular masses were 51 kD and 23 kD. N-terminal amino acid sequences of Triticale chitinase share high homology with barley chitinase. In some conditions, the chitinase and beta-glucanases all had strong antifungal activity and were able to inhibit Trichoderma growth synergistically. Moreover, the chitinase and beta-1, 3-glucanases were able to inhibit powdery mildew growth on detached susceptible wheat leaves.
Antifungal Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Chitinases ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase ; Molecular Weight ; Plant Proteins ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Trichoderma ; drug effects ; Triticum ; chemistry ; microbiology ; beta-Glucosidase ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology

The endophytic fungus named FSN006 was isolated from the inner bark of Juglans mandshurica. It grew quickly and formed circular colony on PDA plate. The upper side of the colony was white, while the lower side of the colony and the conditioned medium were light yellow as a result of significant yellow pigment substances were produced and secreted by the fungi. Green elliptic conidia appeared when cultured on CMX plate. Based on the morphology identification and ITS sequence, it was clear that this fungus belonged to the Deuteromycotina, HyPhomycetes, Moniliales, Trichoderma longibrachiatum. The conditioned medium of FSN006 showed a high anti-tumor ability against liver cancer cell-HepG2, and reached its IC50 concentration after being diluted 20 times, while the IC50 concentration of curcumine was(11.49 +/- 0.12) mg x L(-1). In addition, there was preeminent selective inhibiting effect against the normal liver cell strain HL-7702 and its caner counter strain HepG2. The inhibiting effect against strain HL-7702 was only one quarter of that against HepG2 at the concentration of IC50. Therefore, the fermentation of FSN006 may provide a possible way to produce anticancer drug with higher efficiency and lower toxicity.
Antineoplastic Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Biological Factors ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Juglans ; microbiology ; Plant Bark ; microbiology ; Trichoderma ; chemistry ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism

With IL-6R as target, a new compound 2460A was identified from fungus using HTS screening model. The taxonomics of the produced strain was confirmed to be Trichoderma hazianum rifai after sequencing analysis of rDNA-ITS (internal transcribed spacer). Results showed that this compound has a binding activity on IL-6R competed with IL-6, thus it is a new ligand of IL-6R originating from microbe. With MTT assay, the anti-tumor activities of 2460A were demonstrated on CM126 and HT-29 cell lines separately, the IC50 are 2.17 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) and 1.8 x 10(-5) mol x L(-1) respectively. The compound affected lightly the HT-29 cell cycle at S phase. Studies for the anti-tumor activity of 2460A in vivo are in progress in our lab.
Antineoplastic Agents ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Binding, Competitive ; Bone Marrow Neoplasms ; pathology ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; HT29 Cells ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Ligands ; Receptors, Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Trichoderma ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo screen the Trichodenna spp. for strong antagonist against ginseng root pathogens.

METHODThe biological characters of ten Trichoderma strains were compared by culturing on different media. And their antagonistic activity against Phytophthora cactorum, Cylindrocarpon destructans and Rhizoctonia solani were measured on PDA.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONTv04-2 and Th3080 showed a good growth on soil solution medium and PDA, and also showed high inhibitory efficacy to the three pathogens. The two Trichoderma strains showed different growth rate under light conditions and pH. Trichoderma strains were sensitive to most fungicides used in ginseng root disease controlling, however Tv04-2 was not sensitive to the fungicide Junchong Jueba.

Ascomycota ; pathogenicity ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Light ; Panax ; microbiology ; Phytophthora ; pathogenicity ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Plant Roots ; microbiology ; Plants, Medicinal ; microbiology ; Rhizoctonia ; pathogenicity ; Soil Microbiology ; Trichoderma ; growth & development ; isolation & purification ; physiology