BACKGROUND: Intra-lesional triamcinolone injection is a widely used treatment modality of onychodystrophy. However, clinical evaluation has rarely been performed for the therapeutic effect of intra-lesional triamcinolone injection in the treatment of idiopathic onychodystrophy, except for psoriatic nail. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of intra-lesional triamcinolone injection on idiopathic onychodystrophy. METHODS: A total of 43 patients diagnosed as idiopathic onychodystrophy were enrolled in this study. At first 2 visits, triamcinolone acetonide (2.5mg/ml) was injected into the proximal nail fold of each nail using the dermo-jet. Thereafter, intra-lesional injection was performed at 4-week intervals with two-fold increased concentration of triamcinolone acetonide (5mg/ml). After a total of 7 treatments, the treated nails were scored by both doctor and patient between 0 and 10 according to the severity. RESULTS: In 26 patients treated for more than 12-weeks, 189 nails were eventually assessed by four grade scale. Therapeutic effects were as follows; excellent improvement in 19.8%, good in 28.8%, moderate in 11.6%, and poor in 38.6%. Onycholysis responded well to this treatment, with 81.1% of good to excellent improvement, whereas trachyonychia was resistent with 78.1% of poor to moderate improvement. There was no significant side effect, except pain on the injection site. CONCLUSION: According to our results, intra-lesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide is an effective and safe treatment modality of idiopathic onychodystrophy. It is suggested that, with intra-lesional triamcinolone injection, the morphologic classification is an important prognostic factor in the treatment of idiopathic onychodystrophy.
Classification ; Humans ; Onycholysis ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Triamcinolone*

PURPOSE: To invest characteristics of the clear oil-drop residue observed in the vitreous cavity after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA). METHODS: Fifty three eyes which received a IVTA for the treatment of macular edema due to a variety of causes were enrolled in the study. Slit-lamp examination, and dilated fundoscopic examination had been performed in all patients from injection to at least two months. We compared Group 1 (nonpurified triamcinolone injection) to Group 2 (purified triamcinolone injection). RESULTS: The clear oil-drop residues were mainly observed in the superior portion of the vitreous cavity. They attached to cortical fibers of the vitreous or floated in the vitreous cavity, and had a mobility. They had a various size, shape, and existed anywhere. They were present at 3 days initially and decreased in size and number as time goes by. Group 1 had the clear oil-drop residues in 11 eyes of 29 eyes, but Group 2 in 5 eyes of 24 eyes. Eyes in Group 2 had less residues in number. CONCLUSIONS: The clear oil-drop residues can be observed after IVTA and decanting decreased them after IVTA significantly.
Humans ; Macular Edema ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Triamcinolone*

No abstract available.
Injections, Intralesional ; Isotretinoin ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection, and incision and curettage for primary chalazia. METHODS: In order to compare the effectiveness of treatment modality, 103 patients who were diagnosed with primary chalazia were divided into 2 groups. The patients in group A underwent intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection and the patients in group B underwent incision and curettage. The patients were followed up 1 week and 3 weeks after the procedures to identify the regression of the lesion and the procedure complications. A decision regarding success or failure was made at 3 and 6 weeks after the treatment. Successful treatment was defined as the infallibility in the functional and esthetic aspects as well as the size of regressed lesion. RESULTS: This study included 82 out of 103 patients, who satisfied the inclusion criteria. Forty-four patients underwent intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection and the remaining 38 patients underwent incision and curettage. The success rate of the initial treatment, which was identified 3 weeks after the procedure, was 81.8% in group A and 86.8% in group B. The cumulative success rate of treatment after 6 weeks was 86.8% in group A and 92.1% in group B. No complications were observed with both treatment modalities. CONCLUSIONS: Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide injection is as effective and safe as incision and curettage for the treatment of primary chalazia.
Chalazion* ; Curettage* ; Humans ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Triamcinolone*

The adverse effects of systemic steroid medications are well known, whereas those of local steroid injections are unclear even to clinicians. We report two cases of localized lipoatrophy and depigmentation following local steroid injection. Although the incidence of soft tissue atrophy after local steroid injection is rare, it will increase in proportion to the frequency of the procedure. All clinicians, even those who do not perform steroid injections, should be aware of the occurrence of this cosmetically disturbing adverse effect.
Atrophy ; Incidence ; Triamcinolone

In the margial myotomy of inferior oblique muscle(IO myotomy), only the overaction of the muscle is eliminated and the normal action of the inferior oblique saved. Steroid is usually used to prevent the adhesion of the tissue after IO myotomy, subconjunctivally. The myotomy of IO was performed in 14 white rabbits which were divided into two groups, one group having local injection of triamcinolone after IO myotomy and the other not having it. At postoperative 1 month, there were edema of the muscle fibers and infiltration of the inflammatory cells. Three months postoperatively, ingrowth of fibrous tissue and atrophy of the muscle fibers were found. Those changes were less prominent in the group with triamcinolone injection. This study revealed that subconjunctival triamcinolone injection after the IO marginal myotomy produce a good effect on the prevention of postoperative adhesion in the long term.
Atrophy ; Edema ; Rabbits* ; Triamcinolone*

Background: Niacinamide is known for its anti-inflammatory effect and skin penetration capability. Currently, limited studies are available on its efficacy on psoriasis. Objective: This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of 4% niacinamide cream on mild to moderate psoriasis. Methods: 40 patients were randomly allocated to 4% niacinamide cream (N), or 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide cream (TAC) or 4% niacinamide cream and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide cream (N-TAC) for 10 weeks treatment. A 50% improvement in psoriasis area severity index (PASI50) was considered as the primary endpoint of the study. Secondary outcome measures were physician global assessment (PGA), dermatology life quality index (DLQI), and adverse events. PASI and PGA were assessed biweekly. DLQI was assessed at the start and at the end of the study period. Results: PASI50 was achieved in 85% of patients in N-TAC, 75% of patients in TAC and 15% of patients in N. There was no statistical significant difference between groups TAC and N-TAC (p=0.645, Fisher’s exact test). A higher number of patients in N-TAC (31%) achieved PGA1 score or “almost clear” and reached PASI50 earlier (60% at week 4). A higher improvement in DLQI score was seen in N-TAC; however, mean DLQI improvement did not vary by treatment group (p=0.0770). No adverse event was reported for groups TAC and N-TAC while pruritus and erythema were noted in N. Conclusion: Monotherapy of 4% niacinamide cream was not effective in the treatment of mild to moderate psoriasis. The combination N-TAC showed a continuous and sustained improvement of lesions compared to monotherapy TAC.
triamcinolone acetonide ; niacinamide ; psoriasis

PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics of the clear oil-drop residue observed in the vitreous cavity after intravitreal injection of different brands of triamcinolone acetonide (TA), and to compare this ingredient's effects in those products. METHODS: Intravitreal injections of four different brands of triamcinolone acetonide (4 mg/0.1 mL), which are commercially available in Korea, were given to 40 eyes for the treatment of macular edema due to a variety of causes from October 2005 through February 2006. Regular slit-lamp biomicroscopy of fundus had been performed periodically with digital image acquisition equipment after injection of TA for at least two months. We analyzed the characteristics of this residue and compared the number and size of this residue in each product. RESULTS: Four TA products commercially available in Korea were used, with vehicles composed of preservatives and suspending agents. There were differences between products in respect to ingredients and content, as well as the characteristics of the intravitreal clear oil droplet-like residue. CONCLUSIONS: Each TA product has a variable frequency and variable amounts of clear oil droplet-like residue, which seems to be a component of the vehicle. This variation could generate differences in efficacy, side effects, and retaining duration. It should be verified whether commercial TA products are consistently safe and effective.
Excipients ; Eye ; Intravitreal Injections ; Korea ; Macular Edema ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

To determine the ocular toxicity after intrachoroidal steroid injection in the rabbit eye, 0.15ml(40 mg/ml) triamcinolone acetonide, 0.15ml(40 mg/ml) methylprednisol one acetate and 0.15ml balanced salt solution(as controls) were injected into the choroid. The results were shown normal in fundus examination, electroretinography, and electron microscopy throughout the two weeks course of the experiment. From these result, it would appear that intrachoroidal 6 mg steroid injection demonstrated the lack of ocular toxicity.
Choroid ; Electroretinography ; Microscopy, Electron ; Pathology ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

PURPOSE: To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO) on the proliferative and migratory effects of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in retinal pigment epithelial cells. METHODS: After exposure to 10 nM, 1 micrometer, or 100 micrometer TA for four days, with or without co-exposure of antioxidant N-acetylcyteine, the proliferation and nitrite production of ARPE19 cells were assessed with MTT and Griess assays, respectively. Additionally, a cell migration assay was performed. RESULTS: Cellular survival increased after exposure to TA at low concentration but decreased at high concentration. TA decreased the production of NO and cellular migration significantly, and these effects were abolished by N-acetylcysteine. CONCLUSIONS: TA showed a biphasic response on the proliferation and decreased cellular migration in ARPE19 cells, which may be mediated by nitric oxide.
Cell Migration Assays ; Nitric Oxide ; Retinaldehyde ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide