Phthisis bulbi, resulting from repeated ocular inflammation and infection or ocular trauma, causes various degeneration of ocular tissue as well as changes in ocular external shape. It shows the impression of scleral thickening with calcification of ocular tissue and an unusual ossification as well. Having observed 31-year-old patients of phthisis bulbi and band keratopathy caused by repeated operation after ocular trauma years ago, we extracted the tan brown colored shell-like firm tissue in posterior segment and report sclerotic impression of some of ocular tissue and histopathologic finding of the typical ossificationof ocular tissue during the course evisceration.
Adult ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

BACKGROUND: Minimal erythema dose(MED), minimal melanogenic dose (MMD) and minimal phototoxic dose(MPD) of UVA-1 in Koreans has not been determined, although MED and MMD of UVB and MPD of UVA-2 in Koreans have been reported. OBJECTIVE: This study was done to measure the MED and MMDs including minimal immediate tanning dose(MITD) and minimal delayed tanning dose(MDTD) of UVA-1 radiation and compare the MPD of UVA-1 with that of UVA-2. METHODS: In this study, a metal halide lamp (SUPUVASUN 3000) and a fluorescent blacklight lamp (Philips TL 20W/09N UVA lamp) were used as the UVA-1 and UVA-2 light sources, respectively. After the determining of Fitzpatrick's skin phototypes, the back skins of young adults were irradiated and the MED, MITD and MDTD of UVA-1 were assessed at 24 hours, 1 hour, and 7 days after irradiation, respectively. The minimal doses of phototoxic reaction, which was induced by oral 8-MOP plus UVA-1 or UVA-2, were assessed visually 72 hours after irradiation. RESULTS: MED,was 61.20+/-11.50J/cm(mean+S.D.). MITD and MDTD of UVA-1 were 48.00+/-8.57J/cm and 65.30+/-12.10J/cm respectively. MPDs of UVA-1 and UVA-2 were 14.88+/-3.88J/cm and 4.40+/-1.69J/cm, respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study, the MED and MMD of UVA-1 radiation and the MPD of UVA-1 and UVA-2 radiation were measured in young adult Koreans. The MITD was less than the MED, and the MDTD was almost the same as the MED. The MPD of UVA-1 was three times higher than that of UVA-2. There vere no significant correlations between the MEDs, MMDs or MPDs and the skin phototypes.
Erythema* ; Humans ; Methoxsalen ; Skin ; Tanning ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl ; Young Adult*

BACKGROUND: Minimal erythema dose(MED), minimal melanogenic dose (MMD) and minimal phototoxic dose(MPD) of UVA-1 in Koreans has not been determined, although MED and MMD of UVB and MPD of UVA-2 in Koreans have been reported. OBJECTIVE: This study was done to measure the MED and MMDs including minimal immediate tanning dose(MITD) and minimal delayed tanning dose(MDTD) of UVA-1 radiation and compare the MPD of UVA-1 with that of UVA-2. METHODS: In this study, a metal halide lamp (SUPUVASUN 3000) and a fluorescent blacklight lamp (Philips TL 20W/09N UVA lamp) were used as the UVA-1 and UVA-2 light sources, respectively. After the determining of Fitzpatrick's skin phototypes, the back skins of young adults were irradiated and the MED, MITD and MDTD of UVA-1 were assessed at 24 hours, 1 hour, and 7 days after irradiation, respectively. The minimal doses of phototoxic reaction, which was induced by oral 8-MOP plus UVA-1 or UVA-2, were assessed visually 72 hours after irradiation. RESULTS: MED,was 61.20+/-11.50J/cm(mean+S.D.). MITD and MDTD of UVA-1 were 48.00+/-8.57J/cm and 65.30+/-12.10J/cm respectively. MPDs of UVA-1 and UVA-2 were 14.88+/-3.88J/cm and 4.40+/-1.69J/cm, respectively. CONCLUSION: In this study, the MED and MMD of UVA-1 radiation and the MPD of UVA-1 and UVA-2 radiation were measured in young adult Koreans. The MITD was less than the MED, and the MDTD was almost the same as the MED. The MPD of UVA-1 was three times higher than that of UVA-2. There vere no significant correlations between the MEDs, MMDs or MPDs and the skin phototypes.
Erythema* ; Humans ; Methoxsalen ; Skin ; Tanning ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl ; Young Adult*

Matrix stones are a rare form of urinary stones and composed primarily of matrix material, approximately 65% by weight. The characteristic X-ray feature is a radiolucent filling defect within the urinary system. The matrix stones are yellowish-white to light tan in color and have a consistency which ranges from that of gelatin to that of putty. We recently experienced a case of left renal matrix stone in 37-year-old woman who had another radiolucent stones in right ureter. So we report the case with a brief review of the literatures.
Adult ; Female ; Gelatin ; Humans ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi

Speckled lentiginous nevus is characterized by numerous, small, darkly-pigmented speckles on the background of tanned hyperpigmentation. The tan macule or patch of speckled lentiginous nevus shows the histologic features of lentigo simplex. The speckled areas are characterized by various types of nevi including junctional, compound or dermal nevus. However, since speckled lentiginous nevus may present at birth and show the histologic features of congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN), some have speculated that it is a subtype of CMN. We present a case of speckled lentiginous nevus which occurred at birth and showed histologic features of CMN, thus supporting the notion that speckled lentiginous nevus is a subtype of CMN.
Hyperpigmentation ; Lentigo ; Nevus* ; Nevus, Pigmented* ; Parturition ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

Vitiligo is a relatively common depigmentary disorder occurring in approximately 1-2% of the general population. All races are affected. Both sexes are likely to be affected equally; the female prevalence in some studies can probably be attributed to cosmetic reasons. It can occur and spread at any stage of life and is often associated with a positive family history. Up to 30 percent of patients have reported vitiligo in another family member. The lesion is characterized by discrete, pale-white macules, few or several in number, which tend to enlarge centrifugally over time. It is not contagious, nor is it a serious health problem. However, it can be troublesome in brown and black people as well as in white persons who tan deeply (skin phototype IV), and often leads to social embarrassment and psychological turmoil.
Continental Population Groups ; Female ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl ; Vitiligo*

Progressive zosteriform macular pigmented lesion (PZMPL) is a rare pigmentary disorder characterized by uniformly tanned macular pigmented lesions in a zosteriform distribution preceded by multiple pruritic macular pigmentation in a part of the dermatome for a period. We herein report a case of PZMPL which has developed along the left T3-5 dermatome in a 48-year-old man. The histological findings revealed increased melanin pigments in the basal layer and focal pigmentary incontinence in the upper dermis. PZMPL may be differentiated from progressive cribrifom and zosteriform hyperpigmentation in the clinical and histological manifestations.
Dermis ; Humans ; Hyperpigmentation ; Melanins ; Middle Aged ; Pigmentation ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

BACKGROUND: In recent years alternative medicine such as herbal medicines has been attractive and useful in dermatologic therapy. But there is little scientific information about its therapeutic effects and potential side effects. OBJECTIVE: We performed this study to assess the whitening effect of the root of Ma Huang. METHODS: Thirty subjects were tanned by UVB irradiation on their abdomen and 4 pigmented patches in square were obtained. In a single-blind fashion, participants applied the root extract of Ma Huang to two pigmented patches and vehicle to another patch on the abdomen twice a day, and applied nothing to the other patch for 8 weeks. Participants were followed up every week and checked on a melanin index with a mexameter. We also checked the last clinical improvement 8 weeks after the application of the root extract of Ma Huang. RESULTS: MED of the middle back was 73+/-24.66cmJ/cm2. Melanin index of the abdomen was 473.2+/-16.27. Eight weeks after application, the mean change percent of the melanin index of the right upper and lower squares applied with the root extract of Ma Huang were +0.02%(p=0.96) and -0.16%(p=0.76). The mean change percent of the left upper square applied with vehicle was -0.08%(p=0.89). The mean change percent of the left lower square untreated was +0.20(p=0.65). One-way layout ANOVA showed no difference among four squares. Clinical evaluation of improvement did not satisfy: no change 36%; slight improvement 53%; moderate improvement 9%; marked improvement 2%. CONCLUSIONS: The root of Ma Huang did not show the whitening effect on the UVB-induced pigmentation checked by the mexameter but showed slight improvement in visual assessment.
Abdomen ; Complementary Therapies ; Ephedra sinica* ; Melanins ; Pigmentation ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

Progressive cribriform and zosteriform hyperpigmentation (PCZH) is a distinctive pigmentary disorder observed along the lines of Blaschko. Clinically, the lesions appear as uniformly tan, cribriform macular hyperpigmentation with a zosteriform distribution, without a history of rash, injury, inflammation, or other associated cutaneous or internal abnormalities. Histopathological specimens show increased melanin pigmentation in the basal cell layer with a complete absence of nevus cells. We report 8 cases of PCZH and review the literature on this peculiar disorder.
Exanthema ; Hyperpigmentation* ; Inflammation ; Melanins ; Nevus ; Pigmentation ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl

The authors designed a new biplanar method of measuring femoral anteversion, which may be considered a modified Magilligan's method. In addition to true A-P view, a true lateral view is taken, instead of trans-cervical lateral view in the Magilligan's technique. Acute angles(α and r) between the long axis of the femoral shaft and the femoral neck on both the A-P and lateral films are measured. The true angle (r1) of anteversion is calculated by substituting the values of tan(90-α) and tan (90-r) for the trigonometric formula tan r1 = tan(90-α)/tan(90-r). The measurement by the Magilligan's and the author's methods and the conventional CT method were compared with direct measurement for their accuracy in 20 sdult dried femora. Also correlativity among these three methods were analyzed clinically in 40 femora of 20 children. Following results were obtained, 1. Compared with the direct measurement, the Magilligan's, suthor's methods and CT method deviated an average of + 6.050 degrees, + 3.600 degrees and −1.150 degrees, respectively, all three being statistically accurate(p>0.05). The values for the latter two were closer to that of direct measurement. However, there was no statistical difference between the two. 2. The Magilligan's method overestimated in 95% and underestimated in 5% of the cases, and there was over-or under- estimation of less than 5 degrees in 20% and less than 10 degrees in 95%. The author's method overestimated in 70% and underestimated in 0% of the cases, and there was over-or under-estimation of less than 5 degrees in 55% and less than 10 degrees in 100%. The CT method overestimsted in 30% and underestimated in 60% of the cases, and there was over-or under-estimation of less than 5 degrees in 95 and less than 10 degrees in 100%. Both Magilligan's and autor's methods tended to overestimate and the CT method tended to underestimate(p<0.05). 3. The correlation coefficients among the Magilligan's and author's methods, the Magilligan's and CT methods, and author's and CT methods were 0.830, 0.592, 0.478 respectively, in clinical aspects. It is concluded that author's new method of biplanar measurement of femoral anteversion is more accurate than the Magilligan's method, while it is not less accurate than the conventional CT method.
Child ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Methods ; Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl