Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a significant burden in Indonesia and other tropical countries. DENV infection has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, i.e. asymptomatic, dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The variety of clinical manifestations may be due to the diversity of genetic constitution of the host. The C-type lectin DC-SIGN (CD209) has been identified as the major dengue receptor on human dendritic cells. There are at least five polymorphisms in exon 5 and 6 of the DC-SIGN encoded gene which have been identified and recorded in dbSNP. The aim of this work is to measure the frequency of these polymorphisms among asymptomatic and hospitalized DENV-infected patients. We enrolled 23 hospitalized and 73 asymptomatic DENV-infected patients. Among the subjects, we performed PCR amplification and DNA direct seqencing for 23 hospitalized DENV-infected patients and 24 asymptomatic DENV-infected patients. The result showed that there were no polymorphic nucleotides in the CD209 encoded gene among the patients.

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a significant burden in Indonesia and other tropical countries. DENV infection have wide spectrum of clinical manifestations i.e. asymptomatic, dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. The difference of clinical manifestation may due to the deversity of genetic constitution of the host. The C-type lectin DC-SIGN (CD209) has been identified to be the major dengue receptor on human dendritic cells. There are at least five polymorphisms in exon  5 and 6 of DC-SIGN encoded gene which have been identified and recorded in dbSNP. The aim of this work is to measure the frequency of these polymorphisms among asymptomatic and hospitalized DENV infected patients. We enrolled 23 hospitalized and 73 asymptomatic DENV infected patients. Among those subject we performed PCR amplification and DNA direct seqencing for 23 hospitalized DENV infected patients and 24 asymptomatic DENV infected patients. The result showed that there were no polymorphic nucleotides in CD209 encoded gene found among the patients.

Objective: To detect genetic variations among pathogenic Leptospira isolated from rats using 16S rRNA gen as chronometer. Methods: This is an observational study with cross sectional design. Rats samples were taken in Yogyakarta Special Region of Indonesia. Leptospira in the rats was detected by two methods i.e. real time PCR (qPCR) by using primers correspond to16S rRNA gene of Leptospira, and standard PCR by using different set of primer correspond to the 16S rRNA gene of Leptospira. The standard PCR amplicon then subjected for DNA sequencing. Analysis genetic variation was performed using MEGA 6.2. Software. Results: There were 99 DNA samples from rats included in this study. Detection of Leptospira by using qPCR revealed 25 samples positive for pathogenic Leptospira, while only 6 samples were able to be detected using standard PCR. The new primer set correspond to 16S rRNA gene was able to detect specifically pathogenic Leptospira in the rats. Sequencing analysis of 6 PCR amplicons showed that the Leptospira which infect the rats catched in Yogyakarta genetically close related with pathogenic Leptospira which were isolated from human, animal, rodents, and environment. Conclusions: It can be considered that rats are the most important vector and reservoir of Leptospira.