Vaginal dryness and dyspareunia are frequent complaints among postmenopausal women. Studies have shown that isoflavones reduce the severity of menopausal symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of isoflavones on vaginal dryness and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched until June 15, 2024. Revman 5.4 software (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used to analyze the data. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs), totaling 675 participants, were included in the isoflavone treatment, and the duration was between 4 and 48 weeks. For the meta-analysis, four and two RCTs were conducted to analyze vaginal dryness and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women before and after isoflavone treatment, respectively. The analysis results for vaginal dryness showed a significant change after isoflavone therapy, whereas those for dyspareunia did not show a significant change. The random-effects estimation of the mean difference was -1.29, and 95% confidence interval (CI) was -2.53 to -0.04 (p=0.04) for vaginal dryness, and -0.82, with a 95% CI of -3.51 to 1.87 (p=0.55) for dyspareunia. This meta-analysis concluded that isoflavones have a significant effect on relieving vaginal dryness but have no impact on dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. Numerous larger, long-term trials are needed to fully assess their effects and efficacy.

Vaginal dryness and dyspareunia are frequent complaints among postmenopausal women. Studies have shown that isoflavones reduce the severity of menopausal symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of isoflavones on vaginal dryness and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched until June 15, 2024. Revman 5.4 software (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used to analyze the data. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs), totaling 675 participants, were included in the isoflavone treatment, and the duration was between 4 and 48 weeks. For the meta-analysis, four and two RCTs were conducted to analyze vaginal dryness and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women before and after isoflavone treatment, respectively. The analysis results for vaginal dryness showed a significant change after isoflavone therapy, whereas those for dyspareunia did not show a significant change. The random-effects estimation of the mean difference was -1.29, and 95% confidence interval (CI) was -2.53 to -0.04 (p=0.04) for vaginal dryness, and -0.82, with a 95% CI of -3.51 to 1.87 (p=0.55) for dyspareunia. This meta-analysis concluded that isoflavones have a significant effect on relieving vaginal dryness but have no impact on dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. Numerous larger, long-term trials are needed to fully assess their effects and efficacy.

Vaginal dryness and dyspareunia are frequent complaints among postmenopausal women. Studies have shown that isoflavones reduce the severity of menopausal symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of isoflavones on vaginal dryness and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched until June 15, 2024. Revman 5.4 software (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used to analyze the data. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs), totaling 675 participants, were included in the isoflavone treatment, and the duration was between 4 and 48 weeks. For the meta-analysis, four and two RCTs were conducted to analyze vaginal dryness and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women before and after isoflavone treatment, respectively. The analysis results for vaginal dryness showed a significant change after isoflavone therapy, whereas those for dyspareunia did not show a significant change. The random-effects estimation of the mean difference was -1.29, and 95% confidence interval (CI) was -2.53 to -0.04 (p=0.04) for vaginal dryness, and -0.82, with a 95% CI of -3.51 to 1.87 (p=0.55) for dyspareunia. This meta-analysis concluded that isoflavones have a significant effect on relieving vaginal dryness but have no impact on dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. Numerous larger, long-term trials are needed to fully assess their effects and efficacy.

Vaginal dryness and dyspareunia are frequent complaints among postmenopausal women. Studies have shown that isoflavones reduce the severity of menopausal symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of isoflavones on vaginal dryness and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched until June 15, 2024. Revman 5.4 software (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used to analyze the data. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs), totaling 675 participants, were included in the isoflavone treatment, and the duration was between 4 and 48 weeks. For the meta-analysis, four and two RCTs were conducted to analyze vaginal dryness and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women before and after isoflavone treatment, respectively. The analysis results for vaginal dryness showed a significant change after isoflavone therapy, whereas those for dyspareunia did not show a significant change. The random-effects estimation of the mean difference was -1.29, and 95% confidence interval (CI) was -2.53 to -0.04 (p=0.04) for vaginal dryness, and -0.82, with a 95% CI of -3.51 to 1.87 (p=0.55) for dyspareunia. This meta-analysis concluded that isoflavones have a significant effect on relieving vaginal dryness but have no impact on dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. Numerous larger, long-term trials are needed to fully assess their effects and efficacy.

Vaginal dryness and dyspareunia are frequent complaints among postmenopausal women. Studies have shown that isoflavones reduce the severity of menopausal symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of isoflavones on vaginal dryness and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched until June 15, 2024. Revman 5.4 software (The Nordic Cochrane Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark) was used to analyze the data. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs), totaling 675 participants, were included in the isoflavone treatment, and the duration was between 4 and 48 weeks. For the meta-analysis, four and two RCTs were conducted to analyze vaginal dryness and dyspareunia in postmenopausal women before and after isoflavone treatment, respectively. The analysis results for vaginal dryness showed a significant change after isoflavone therapy, whereas those for dyspareunia did not show a significant change. The random-effects estimation of the mean difference was -1.29, and 95% confidence interval (CI) was -2.53 to -0.04 (p=0.04) for vaginal dryness, and -0.82, with a 95% CI of -3.51 to 1.87 (p=0.55) for dyspareunia. This meta-analysis concluded that isoflavones have a significant effect on relieving vaginal dryness but have no impact on dyspareunia in postmenopausal women. Numerous larger, long-term trials are needed to fully assess their effects and efficacy.

Purpose: Obstetric anal sphincter injury is one of the most common complications during delivery. Simulation models with manikins can be used as an effective medical learning method to improve students’ abilities before encountering patients. The present study aimed to describe the development of an anal sphincter injury model and to assess residents’ satisfaction and self-confidence after a perineal repair workshop with an anal sphincter injury simulator in Indonesia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with evaluation of outcomes before and after the workshop. We created a silicone-latex simulation anal sphincter injury model. Then, we validated this simulation and used it as a simulation model for the workshop. We asked residents about their satisfaction with repairing anal sphincter injuries using a simulation model and residents’ self-confidence when practicing anal sphincter injury repair. Results: All residents felt the simulation-based workshop was valuable (100%). Most of the scores for the similarity of the simulation model were good (about 8 out of maximum 10). The self-assessment of confidence was measured before and after the workshop. Overall self-confidence increased significantly after the workshop in identifying the external sphincter ani (EAS) (P=0.031), suturing the anal mucosa (P=0.001), suturing the internal sphincter ani (P=0.001), suturing the EAS (P<0.001), and evaluating the sphincter ani tone (P=0.016). Conclusion The anal sphincter injury simulator improved residents’ self-confidence in identifying the EAS, suturing the anal mucosa, suturing the internal sphincter ani, suturing the EAS, and evaluating sphincter ani tone.