Since 2002, adult worms of human small liver fluke in some provinces were identified by morphology and confirmed by molecular method as Clonorchis sinensis in Thanh Hoa, Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh and Bac Giang province; Opisthorchis viverrini in Phu Yen and Binh Dinh province. This study, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a portion of the cytochrome oxidase 1 (410 nucleotide and 136 amino acid) of mitochondrial genome of adult worms of small liver fluke from human in Nghe An (CsNA) and Dong Nai (CsDN) province were amplified. The nucleotide and amino acid of these sequences was comparatively analyzed with the known Clonorchis sinensis (Nam Dinh strain). The analysis revealed that the Nghe An Clonorchis sp and Dong Nai Clonorchis sp (in human) were homology (99.5 - 99.8% nucleotide) and similar (100% amino acid) to the Nam Dinh Clonorchis sinensis (identification was done). Thus, the Nghe An and Dong Nai Clonorchis sp were identified as Clonorchis sinensis in Opisthorchiidae family, Clonorchis genus.
Helminths ; Trematoda ; Human

The outbreak of the lung fluke occurred in Sin Ho - Lai Chau in 1994 and Da Bac - Hoa Binh in 1998. The biological, clinical, epidemiological investigation and X-ray showed that there were more 2000 patients (the morbidity rate: 4%). All patients had a lung lesion in X-ray image... the major signs in X-ray were pulmonary nodules and cavity and pleurocele. It should distinguish the lung fluke and the pulmonary tuberculosis
Trematoda ; lung ; X-Rays

The total sequence of 18S rRNA and the neighbours including 1950 pairs of nucleotide (N) was received by PCR and expressed orderly. The examinated sample was 1 of 8 adult worms collected from 12.5 years old male patient. The worm was determined morphologically as Fasciolopsis buski. The comparison showed that in this intestinal fluke worm there is an almost absolutely analogous coefficient concerning nitrogen components of 18S rRNA in only 2 differences on 1950 N (0.01%) with the gene sequence of 18S rRNA kept in the bank of genes. In Viet Nam, this is the first molecular determination realized on human
Fasciolidae ; Trematoda ; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S

A status survey on Metagonimus yokogawai infection along the Tamjin River basin, South Cholla Do, Korea was conducted from September to November 1977. The snail intermediate host, Semisulcospira sp., the fish host, Plecoglossus altivelis and the inhabitants in three villages in Jangheung and Kangjin Guns were examined for detection of this trematode infection respectively. The results could be summarized as follows: Out of 452 snails, Semisulcospira sp., 105 (23.2%) were found positive for rediae and/or cercariae of M. yokogawai in Jangheung Gun. All of 20 sweetfishes, P. altivelis were infected with metacercariae of M. yokogawai and the mean number per fish was 15,688 and per gram of fish muscle, 234. Out of 606 inhabitants in three villages, 160(26.4%) persons were found infected with M. yokogawai and the mean E.P.G counts per infected cases were 2,078. Sixty cases (9.8%) were positive for ova of Clonorchis sinensis with mean E.P.G., 846, frequently mixed-infected with M. yokogawai. From the above results, it was turned out that the Tamjin River basin is one of the endimic foci of metagonimiasis in Korea. The relatively low infection rate of human host in spite of much higher infection of intermediate hosts were considered to be due to the less population of sweetfishes in the Tamjin River than in the Sumjin River basin.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Metagonimus yokogawai ; epidemiolgy

In order to study host-parasite relationship in trematode, the susceptibility in rabbits of Clonorchis sinensis were examined. A certain number of metacercariae of C. sinensis were administered orally to rabbits, and rats and dogs were used to compare with rabbits. the results were summerized as follows: The rabbits were successfully infected with metacercariae of C. sinensis in all case of the groups given 10 to 500 each. But the highest recovery rate of the worm was 33.0 percent in the case given 100 metacercariae. In the early stage of infection, the worms were hardly found, but 10 days after the infection, the number of worms were detected easily. Three months after the infection, the recovery rate of worms was 31.3 percent in the rabbits given 300 metacercariae. The recovery rates of the worms in two months after the infection were 27.4 percent in rabbits, 51.0 percent in rats and 54.6 percent in dogs. Morphologically the body length and the body width markedly increased in the period until 10 days after the infection, and after that the genital organs began to get mature gradually while the growth of the body showed down. The measurement of adult C. sinensis recovered from the animals two months after the infection was the largest in rabbits followed by rats and the worms from dogs showed the smallest measurement.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; rabbit ; biology

The egg laying capacity of Fibricola seoulensis was observed in mice and rats. In mice, the mean number of eggs produced by an adult worm a day was 116 at the first week after infection, 123 at the 2nd week and 42 at the 3rd week. Thereafter, the capacity of about 20 eggs/worm/day was maintained up to one year period. In rats, it generally produced more eggs; 49 at 1 week, 250 at 2 weeks, 216 at 4 weeks, 327 at 6 months and 11 at one year after infection. It survived longer than a year in mice and rats.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Fibricola seoulensis ; egg

The pattern of sensory papillae, chaetotaxy, of the cercaria of Clonorchis sinensis was observed. The chaetotaxy was as follows; 5-6 Ci l, 4-5 Ci 2, 5-6 Ci 3 at lst row, 4 Cii 1, 2 Cii 2, 4 Cii 3, 5-6 Cii 4 at 2nd row, 3-4 Ciii 1, 2-3 Ciii 2 at 3rd row, and 2 Civ 1, 2-3 Civ 2, 2-3 Civ 3, at 4th row, in cephalic region; 2 AiV, l AiD, 2 AiiV, 1 AiiD, 2 AiiiV, 2 AiiiD, 1 AivV, 1 AivD, 1 PiiD, l PiiiD, in ventral(V) and dorsal(D) portions of body. Caudal region revealed 2-2-2-2 formula.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; cercaria

The present study was performed to observe the ultrastructure of the integument of adult Paragonimus westermani. Dogs experimentally infected with 60 metacercariae of P. westermani were autopsied 4 months after the infection. Adult P. westermani were extracted from the dogs and the fine structure was studied by means of scanning and transmission electron microscope. The findings are as follows: Scanning electron microscopic findings showed that the spines and the papillae are distributed at whole body surface but the well developed spines or papaillae are shown around the oral suckrer and ventral sucker. At the end of the body, excretory pore was found, the shape was irregular. Transmission electron microscopic findings showed that plasma membrane, tegument, basal lamina, connective tissue, circular muscle layer, longitudinal muscle layer, nerve axon and tegumental cell were observed. In higher magnification, plasma membrane and bar-shaped granules were found at the outer surface of the tegument.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Paragonimus westermani ; electron microscopy

Adult Clonorchis sinensis were collected from the biliary passage of nine cases of medico-legal autopsies. The worms were washed repeatedly with tap water and rinsed twice with physiological saline. Incubation took place in Tyrode's medium in order to recover live worms. The number of worms surviving in the medium was determined. The rate of surviving worms showed an unexpectedly high percentage (22.8%) in those cases autopsied 2 days after death. The surviving worm burden dropped sharply to 6.3 and 9.2 percent for those samples taken 5 days after death.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; autopsy

In this study the authors examined the protein components at various stages of Clonorchis sinensis, and those of tegument and metabolite of adult Clonorchis by using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. The following results were obtained: The protein components of C. sinensis were gradually changed during its development. A considerable change occurred during the initial 7 days after the metacercarial infection. Two bands of protein of about 97,000 molecular weight (MW) and 178,000 MW were unique to excysted metacercaria of C. sinensis. Other 2 bands of protein of 23,000 and 25,000 MW which were absent in metacercariae, might be associated with the development of sex organs in adult. In the metabolite, some components of tegumental proteins were detected. And this tegumental protein components in metabolite seems to be the major antigenic components reacting with infected rabbit antiserum by immunodiffusion. Twenty bands of protein were detected in the isolated adult tegument. Among them 6 bands were in 97,000-65,000 MW, 3 bands in 56,000-53,000 MW and 5 bands in 37,000-30,000 MW. On the other hand, in metabolic products of adult C. sinensis, 17 bands were detected.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; Clonorchis sinensis ; biochemistry ; protein