OBJECTIVETo evaluate the long-term outcome of 60 leukemia patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) prepared with busulphan-cyclophosphamide (BU-CTX(2)) conditioning regimen.

METHODSFrom April 1994 to August 2000, 60 leukemia patients (35 male, 25 female; median age 32 years old), including 20 acute myeloid leukemia (AML, CR(1) n = 19, CR(2) n = 1), 15 acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL, CR(1) n = 8, CR(2) n = 6, CR(3) n = 1), and 25 chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, CP(1) n = 24, CP(2) n = 1) received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells from HLA-identical siblings (n = 53), 1-locus mismatched siblings (n = 4), or HLA-identical unrelated donor (n = 3). BU-CTX(2) was used as conditioning regimen. All patients received cyclosporine A and either methotrexate (n = 54) or methylprednisolone (n = 6) for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis.

RESULTSAll 60 patients got sustained engraftment. Acute GVHD (aGVHD) occurred in 22 patients (36.7%), while the incidence of aGVHD was 48.0% for the CML, 30.0% for the AML and 26.7% for the ALL patients. Thirty-eight patients are still alive in complete remission with a median follow-up of 30 (12 approximately 84) months and 22 died. The main causes of death were aGVHD in 3, CMV-IP in 7, and relapse in 11 patients. The remaining one died of pulmonary infection. Among 11 patients who died of relapse, 8 were ALL relapsed in the early posttransplant stage. All 4 long-term survivors of ALL developed chronic GVHD. The probability of DFS at 3 year for CML, AML and ALL patients was 80.0%, 70.0% and 26.7%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONBU-CTX(2) is an effective conditioning regimen for patients with AML and CML, resulting in a low relapse and high long-term survival rate. However, it is not effective enough for patients with ALL, because of a higher incidence of relapse.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the clinical characteristics of cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT) and the effect of preemptive therapy.

METHODSA total of 134 patients who underwent allo-HSCT from March 2010 to March 2015 in the Department of Hematology of our hospital were enrolled in this study. The CMV infection rate, the median time of CMV infection occurence, and the risk factors for CMV infection after allo-HSCT, the response rate of preemptive treatment and the median time of CMV-DNA turning negative were analyzed. Five-year overall survival rate was compared between the patients with or without CMV infection.

RESULTSThe incidence of CMV viremia was 55.2％(74／134), and the median time for the CMV with CMV-DNA positive for the first time was 34 days(14-283) after allo-HSCT．Both univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the thymoglobulin(ATG) used in conditioning regimen and Ⅱ-Ⅳ grade of aGVHD were the risk factors for CMV viremia. After preemptive treatment the 85.1% of patient with CMV viremia turned negative, and the median time of CMV-DNA turning negative were 15 days(5-82), only 2 patients died of CMV pneumonia. Five-year overall survival rate of the patients with or wihout CMV viremia was 49% and 66.3% respectively, and the difference between the 2 groups was significant(P=0.041）.

CONCLUSIONThe ATG used in conditioning regimen and Ⅱ-Ⅳ grade of aGVHD may increase the incidence of CMV infection after allo-HSCT, and the preemptive thrapy can effectively prevent the CMV viremia turning to CMV disease.

OBJECTIVETo retrospectively analyze the safety and efficacy of busulfan (BU) combined with cyclophosphamide (CY) as the conditioning regimen of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

METHODSThe safety and efficacy of the BUCY regimen were evaluated through observing the adverse reactions, recovery of hematopoietic reconstitution, response and survival in 20 patients after auto-HSCT.

RESULTSIn 20 MM patients with median age 52.5 (38-66), the neutrophil and platelet counts recovered at 10(8-18) d and 10 (8-17) d after auto-HSCT respectively, the treatment related mortality during 100 days after auto-HSCT was 0, the partial remission (PR) rate decreased from 31.58% to 0 (P < 0.05) after auto-HSCT, only 1 patient was in progression of disease, all patients were alived.

CONCLUSIONFor patients with MM treated with Auto-HSCT, the BUCY regimen is ideal in safety and response, but the long-term effect still should be observed.

Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is the most effective curative therapy in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Incidence of MDS increases with age, peaking in the seventh decade of last century. Despite improved consolidation chemotherapy regimens, the prognosis of MDS in patients beyond 60 years of age is dismal. The introduction of peripheral blood-derived stem cell grafts into allogeneic HSCT and the known anti-tumor effect of donor lymphocyte infusions paved the way for reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation, which makes transplant possible in advanced age, significantly alleviates transplant-related organ toxicity and decreases non-relapse mortality. This article reviews the advanced development of reduced-intensity conditioning regimens in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for myelodysplastic syndromes and the future of reduced intensity conditioning hematopoietic stem cell transplants including feasibility of RIC allo-HSCT in treating patients with MDS, selection of MDS cases for RIC allo-HSCT, opportunity of RIC allo-HSCT, source of stem cells for RIC allo-HSCT, RIC regimen for allo-HSCT, evaluation of curative efficacy and prognosis, GVHD and graft versus MDS, and so on.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods ; Humans ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; therapy ; Transplantation Conditioning ; methods ; Transplantation, Homologous

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder caused by disordered globin chain synthesis due to mutations in the regulatory genes for hemoglobin. At present, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is recognized as the only curative method for treatment. Through the revolution of pretransplantation regimens and selection of donor and source of stem cells, patients' survival has been greatly improved. This article reviews the development of transplantation for thalassemia and related research advances, in order to provide suitable treatment options for clinical application.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Homologous ; beta-Thalassemia

Humans ; Melphalan/therapeutic use* ; Multiple Myeloma/therapy* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplantation Conditioning

Humans ; Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/therapy* ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplantation Conditioning

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for treatment of acute leukemia in the tropical area. METHODS: Twelve acute leukemia patients who were underwent allo-HSCT from April 2013 to November 2018 in Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital were selected, including 5 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 7 case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Three cases received HLA matched sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 8 cases received haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 1 cases received partially mismatched unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Pretreatment regimen: 9 cases received modified BU/CY+ATG pretreatment regimen, 3 cases received BU/CY pretreatment regimen. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention regimen: all patients received cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil combined with short-term methotrexate regimen. The clinical efficacy of allo-HSCT in treatment of acute leukemia in the tropical area was analyzed by detecting hematopoietic reconstitution, GVHD, infection, relapse and survival after transplantation. RESULTS: All the 12 patients achieved granulocyte reconstruction and megakaryocyte reconstruction. The median time of granulocyte reconstruction was 11.5 (6-14) days, and the median time of megakaryocytic reconstruction was 12.5 (10-22) days. Within 100 days after transplantation, the acute GVHD occurved in 8 cases, including 6 cases of Ⅱ-Ⅳ degree acute GVHD and 2 cases of Ⅲ-Ⅳ degree acute GVHD, 11 cases survived more than 100 days after transplantation, and the chronic GVHD occurred in 1 case, which was mildly limited. Pulmonary infection occurred in 7 cases, cytomegaloviremia occurred in 6 cases, EB viremia occurred in 6 cases, and hemorrhagic cystitis occurred in 5 cases. 2 cases relapsed and eventually died, and the remaining 10 patients survived without disease until the date of follow-up. The median follow-up time was 4 (1-68) months, 83.3% (10/12) survived without disease, and 16.7% (2/12) relapsed. CONCLUSION Allo-HSCT is an effective method for the treatment of acute leukemia in adults. Leukemia patients should be transplanted as soon as possible after remission. The incidence of pulmonary fungal infection in transplanted patients in tropics is high, therefore the prevention and treatment of fungal infection should be strengthened.
Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Homologous

Decitabine/therapeutic use* ; Hematologic Diseases/therapy* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Homologous

Graft vs Host Disease ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Homologous