No abstract available.
Alternariosis* ; Transplant Recipients*

No abstract available.
BK Virus ; Kidney ; Transplant Recipients

OBJECTIVETo investigate the morphological characteristics and types of ventricular wall with dysplastic development and their associations to primary cardiomyopathy.

METHODSNinety-two hearts from heart transplant patients were studied soon after explanation from 2004 to 2007. Gross examination/measurement, histopathology and photography were performed.

RESULTSDysplastic development of ventricular wall could be evidenced in patients with various heart diseases but more often in patients with primary cardiomyopathy, though the extension and distribution of dysplastic development of ventricular wall varied between patients with or without primary cardiomyopathy. Severe dysplastic development of ventricular wall is associated with clinical dysplastic cardiomyopathy. The range of extension and degree of dysplasia in the ventricular wall correlated positively to heart dilation/failure and time point of heart failure development. The incidence of severe ventricular wall dysplasia was 27.17% in all transplanted hearts and was 43.1% (25/58) in hearts diagnosed as primary cardiomyopathy (P < 0.05). The main pathological changes of dysplastic hearts were: (1) extensive proliferative hypertrophy of the heart wall, (2) fibrous/fat or fat/fibrous tissue replacement of normal myocardium, (3) disarrangement of myocardial fibers, (4) dysplastic change in the medium-sized intramural arteries. Dysplastic cardiomyopathy was presented mainly as a combination of several forms of dysplasia. The same clinical manifestations of dysplastic cardiomyopathy patients did not always show the same pathologic changes. Fibrous-fat tissue replacement was commonly found in dilated cardiomyopathy and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. Disarrangement of myocardium was often accompanied by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Dysplasia of intramural arteries could result in heart dilatation due to myocardial ischemia.

CONCLUSIONDysplasia of ventricular wall is a common variation of heart structure. Only severe or diffuse types of dysplasia is associated with cardiomyopathy, especially primary cardiomyopathy.

BACKGROUND: Although a growing number of guidelines and clinical researches are available for immunosuppressive treatment of post-transplantation, there is no clinical practice guideline for the care of kidney transplant recipients in Korea. Selection of a researchable question is the most important step in conducting qualified guideline development. Thus, we aimed to formulate key questions for Korean guideline to aid clinical decision-making for immunosuppressive treatment. METHODS: Based on previous published guidelines review, a first survey was constructed with 29 questions in the range of immunosuppressive treatments. The experts were asked to rate the clinical importance of the question using a 5-point Likert scale. The questions reached 60% or more from the first survey and additional new questions were included in the second survey. In analyzing the responses to items rated on the 9-point scale, consensus agreement on each question was defined as 75% or more of experts rating 7 to 9. RESULTS: In the first survey, 50 experts were included. Among the 29 questions, 27 were derived to get 60% or more importance and 3 new questions were additionally identified. Through the second survey, 9 questions were selected that experts reached consensus on 75% and over of the options. Finally, we developed key questions using PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome) methodology. CONCLUSION: The experts reached a high level of consensus on many of key questions in the survey. Final key questions provide direction for developing clinical practice guideline in the immunosuppressive treatment of transplantation.
Clinical Decision-Making ; Consensus ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney ; Korea ; Transplant Recipients

BACKGROUND: Patient adherence to immunosuppressant regimens after organ transplant is crucial to preserve graft function, and simplifying the regimen improves adherence. In this study, our experience of conversion from twice-daily (b.i.d.) to once-daily (q.d.) tacrolimus (TAC) in stable liver transplant recipients is reviewed and the proper conversion regimen is investigated. METHODS: Between November 2011 and August 2012, the regimen was converted in 32 stable liver transplant recipients, and data on the conversions gathered retrospectively from medical records. TAC trough level, dose, and laboratory findings were evaluated at preconversion and 1 to 12 months after conversion. RESULTS: Conversion from b.i.d. to q.d. regimen was based on 1:1 proportion in 16 patients and dose escalation in 16 patients. The mean conversion time after transplant was 56.8 months (range; 21~94). Reconversion to b.i.d. regimen was needed in nine patients. Among these patients, seven patients needed titration due to elevated liver enzyme. The trough level decreased significantly after conversion (from 4.7 to 3.1 ng/mL) in patients with conversion at 1:1 proportion, while increasing slightly without statistical significance (3.7 to 4.0 ng/mL) in patients with dose escalation. At 1 year after conversion, dose adjustment was required to preserve trough level and graft function in 14 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, TAC q.d. formulation can be a useful option to improve adherence in stable liver transplant recipients. However, dose titration should be considered for preserving proper trough level in case of low TAC level or TAC single regimen.
Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Liver* ; Medical Records ; Patient Compliance ; Retrospective Studies ; Tacrolimus* ; Transplant Recipients* ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Herpesvirus 8, Human* ; Humans* ; Kidney Transplantation ; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic* ; Sarcoma, Kaposi* ; Transplant Recipients*

We report a case of recurrent cardiac arrest during a nontransplant operation in a liver transplant recipient with prior cardiac arrest during liver transplantation. A 45-year-old man who experienced cardiac arrest for 17 minutes during the preanhepatic phase of liver transplantation–which was performed 34 months ago–did not survive the recurrent cardiac arrest during portal venoplasty. Variant angina was not suspected for the first cardiac arrest; however, myocardial infarction by coronary vasospasm was revealed to be the cause of the second cardiac arrest.
Coronary Vasospasm ; Heart Arrest* ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; Transplant Recipients

Tacrolimus is one of the effective immunosuppressive drugs used after an organ transplant procedure. However, due to its narrow therapeutic range, its usefulness in preventing transplant rejection and minimizing nephrotoxicity is dependent on the monitoring of whole blood trough levels of tacrolimus. A 49-year-old kidney transplant recipient presenting with cough and general weakness was admitted to the hospital. Due to the patient's deeply compromised clinical condition, an immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued. Tacrolimus concentrations in the patient's whole blood samples were measured, using an automated chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) instrument. Interference was suspected because tacrolimus concentrations after the discontinuation of tacrolimus dose were 20.9 and 18.2 ng/mL at day 2 and 3, respectively. Tacrolimus concentrations were 11.1 and 12.6 ng/mL, respectively, when re-tested using an antibody-conjugated magnetic immunoassay (ACMIA). We evaluated the relationship between the CMIA and ACMIA results, and calculated the expected values from the regression equation. Residuals were –8.4 and –4 ng/mL, respectively. There have been several cases with false detection of elevated tacrolimus concentrations using ACMIA; however, such falsely detected elevations using CMIA have rarely been reported. When unexpectedly high concentrations of tacrolimus are detected by CMIA in transplant patients, an immediate re-test using another technique might be necessary to rule out falsely elevated results.
Cough ; Graft Rejection ; Humans ; Immunoassay* ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney* ; Luminescence* ; Middle Aged ; Tacrolimus* ; Transplant Recipients ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: Cicletanine is an antihypertensive agent with vasorelaxant and diuretic properties. It has been widely used in European countries; however, cicletanine-associated electrolyte disturbances have yet to be defined. We investigated cicletanine-induced hyponatremia and hypokalemia in kidney transplant patients. METHODS: Data from a total of 68 kidney transplant recipients who were treated for hypertension with cicletanine were retrospectively analyzed. Cicletanine-induced hyponatremia and hypokalemia were defined as serum sodium < 135 mmol/L and potassium < 3.5 mmol/L, respectively, after the use of cicletanine. RESULTS: The average patient age was 50 (±11) years, and 44 (65%) were male. The daily dose of cicletanine was 171 ± 46 mg, and the duration of drug use was 215 ± 514 days. Hyponatremia occurred in 11 patients (16.2%), and hypokalemia occurred in 8 patients (11.8%). Three patients (4.4%) had hyponatremia and hypokalemia simultaneously. The duration of cicletanine administration was significantly longer in patients with hyponatremia than in those without hyponatremia (943 ± 958 vs. 74 ± 166 days, P < 0.05). The occurrence of hypokalemia was not affected by either daily dose or duration of drug use. Among 11 patients with hyponatremia, 10 were corrected within 2 weeks after withdrawal of the drug and 1 was spontaneously corrected. Among 8 cases of hypokalemia, 7 were corrected after withdrawal of the drug and 1 was spontaneously corrected. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that cicletanine may induce hyponatremia or hypokalemia in kidney transplant patients. Hyponatremia is more frequently associated with cicletanine than hypokalemia, and extended use of cicletanine may increase the risk of hyponatremia.
Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypokalemia* ; Hyponatremia* ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney* ; Male ; Potassium ; Retrospective Studies ; Sodium ; Transplant Recipients

Child ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Measles ; etiology ; Pneumonia, Viral ; etiology ; Transplant Recipients