Chinese meaning and English translation of Jing, Luo, Mai, Jingluo, Jingmai and other terminology of Chinese medicine are compared from both writing and medical theory, raising that the Jingmai in the Internal Classic should include both the channel system and the vessel system. From the form of the characters or functions and structures, the Jing is longitude and the Luo is net, Mai is vessels, and the concept and function of Jingluo (channels and collaterals) and Jingmai (the meridians and vessels) do not allow obscure. In ancient times, Jing and Mai were jointly called as Jingmai, aimed at understanding network state of the channels and collateral system through tangible distribution of the vesselar system. Translation of "Jing mai" as the meridians and collaterals or channels and collaterals practically is only translated a half of real meaning of Jingmai.
Language ; Meridians ; Translating

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translating

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translating

PURPOSE: To develop and translate into Korean the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were 6 steps for the cross-cultural adaptation to standardize the language and cultural differences as follows translation for stage I, synthesis for stage II, back translation for stage III, a review by an expert committee for stage IV, pre-testing for stage V, and submission of the documentation to the AAOS Committee for appraisal was for the final stage VI. A total of 120 patients from 4 hospitals underwent the pre-testing which is the stage V on this process. RESULTS: 30 patients who fully underwent the preoperative and postoperative testing at 3 month were evaluated. The average age of participants was 43.1. There were 12 cases of meniscus tears, 8 cases of primary degenerative arthritis, 4 cases of patellofemoral pressure syndromes and 8 cases of other knee disorders. In the results, we found that there was statistically the strong correlation as follow the test and re-test reliability (p=0.6373), the internal consistency for each evaluation item (p=0.9135), the validity was 0.8882 and the responsiveness (p=0.6605). CONCLUSION: The Korean version of the IKDC subjective knee evaluation form was excellent as our results showed on its reliability, validity and responsiveness through the rigid steps of cross-cultural adaptation. It was submitted to the AAOS Committee for Appraisal. We strongly suggest that it should be considered as part of an effective evaluation for a variety of knee diseases.
Humans ; Knee ; Osteoarthritis ; Translating

By discussing the significance of correctly understanding the concept of TCM term "qi", the author considers that the translation of TCM terms has its own speciality, and the translators should know the basic features of TCM and master the real meanings of TCM terms during introducing and translating, and do the work based on the features of TCM and the principles of translation to maintain the intrinsic characteristics of TCM.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Translating

Culture ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translating

Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translating

Since next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique was adopted into clinical practices, revolutionary advances in diagnosing rare genetic diseases have been achieved through translating genomic medicine into precision or personalized management. Indeed, several successful cases of molecular diagnosis and treatment with personalized or targeted therapies of rare genetic diseases have been reported. Still, there are several obstacles to be overcome for wider application of NGS-based precision medicine, including high sequencing cost, incomplete variant sensitivity and accuracy, practical complexities, and a shortage of available treatment options.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Precision Medicine* ; Rare Diseases ; Translating

Although great development has been achieved in the English translation of traditional Chinese medicine terms, there are still a lot of nonstandard English translation of traditional Chinese medicine recipes name, which were discussed by the authors in the paper.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translating

Through multi-angular analysis on the phenomena of lexical gap in English translation of TCM terms and combining with the practice in translating work, the basic principles and strategies that ought to be adopted in English translating TCM vacant terms (TCM terms lacking for counterparts) were summarized on the basis of displaying fully the intention of the terms, and their significance in researches for normalization of TCM terms translation was discussed.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Terminology as Topic ; Translating