No abstract available.
Arthritis* ; Osteoarthritis* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta* ; Transforming Growth Factors*

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of study was to investigate the expression of TGF-beta, TGF-RII and VEGF determined by immunohistochemical analysis with a comparison of the clinicopathological parameters such as tumor size, grade of dysplasia, lymph node metastasis and Dukes' stage in colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas, by use of a tissue microarray method. METHODS: The expression of TGF-beta1, TGF-betaRII, and VEGF was determined by immunohistochemistry in 20 adenomas and 40 adenocarcinomas. Tissue microarrays consisting of 2 mm cores from corresponding blocks were constructed and stained. RESULTS: In adenomas, the staining intensity of TGF-beta, TGF-betaRII and VEGF was increased in a high-grade dysplasia group of patients as compared a with low-grade dysplasia group of patients, respectively. The staining intensity of TGF-betaRII was significantly increased in a high-grade dysplasia group of patients than a low-grade dysplasia group of patients (p =0.021). For the adenocarcinomas, the expression and staining intensity of TGF-beta1, TGF-betaRII and VEGF were increased as compared with the adenomas (p<0.001). However, no significant correlation was observed between the staining intensity of TGF-beta, TGF-betaRII and VEGF and the clinicopathological parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The increased expression of TGF-beta1, TGF-betaRII and VEGF in colorectal adenocarcinoma suggests a role for these proteins in colorectal carcinogenesis. Loss of the growth-inhibitory effect of TGF-beta may commence in the early stage of colorectal carcinogenesis.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Adenoma* ; Carcinogenesis ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

The main cause of failure in glaucoma filtering surgery is obstruction of aqueous outflow due to subconjunctival fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-beta) is known to be a growth factor for subconjunctival fibroblast. Recently, mannose-6-phosphate(M-6-P) is reported to be an inhibitor of TGF-beta activity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of TGF-betas and M-6-P on the proliferation of cultured subconjunctival fibroblast of white rabbit in vitro. Cell proliferation was determined by 3H-thymidine DNA incorporation method. TGF-beta1, 2, 3 all promoted proliferation of subconjunctival fibroblast in a concentration dependent fashion and the effect of TGF-beta1 was most prominent among 3 types. Low concentration (0.01mM) of M-6-P paradoxically increased cell proliferation, but with the concentration of 1.0mM, the inhibitory effects were varied in the range of 45% to 7%.
Cell Proliferation ; DNA ; Fibroblasts* ; Fibrosis ; Filtering Surgery ; Glaucoma ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a multifunctional regulator of cellular differentiation, motility and growth. Loss of sensitivity to the growth inhibitory effects by TGF-beta1 plays important roles in neoplastic progression. So expression of TGF-beta1 has been described in several tumors, but little is known about the role of TGF-beta1 in neoplastic progression of human larynx. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TGF-beta1 in the neoplastic progression of human larynx. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the expression of TGF-beta1 using immunohistochemical study in 6 cases of normal laryngeal mucosa, 6 cases of laryngeal dysplasia, 20 cases of laryngeal carcinoma. RESULTS: The results were as follows: 1) Normal laryngeal mucosa has no expression of TGF-beta1. 2) The expression of TGF-beta was 16.7% in laryngeal dysplasia, 50.0% in laryngeal carcinoma. CONCLUSION: The TGF-beta1 expression rate was correlated to the progression of laryngeal lesions when compared to normal laryngeal mucosa, laryngeal dysplasia and laryngeal carcinoma.
Humans ; Laryngeal Mucosa* ; Larynx ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a multifunctional growth factor, has three isoforms: TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, and TGF-beta3. Different isoforms of TGF-beta are associated with different proliferation and differentiation states of the epidermis. Narrow band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) emits a concentrated UVB source of 311 nm. NBUVB 1,000 mJ/cm2 induces apoptosis in approximately 50% of keratinocytes. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether irradiation with NBUVB would alter the expression and production of TGF-beta1, 2, and 3. METHODS: We measured TGF-beta1, 2, and 3 mRNA and TGF-beta1 and 2 protein levels at 800, 1,000, and 1,200 mJ/cm2 for 24 hours and 48 hours. RESULTS: TGF-beta1 mRNA levels were increased at both 24 hr and 48 hr, TGF-beta2 mRNA levels were decreased at both 24 hr and 48 hr, and TGF-beta3 mRNA levels were increased at 24 hr and similar to control at 48 hr. TGF-beta1 protein levels were increased at 48 hr but decreased at 24 hr. TGF-beta2 protein levels were decreased at both 24 hr and 48 hr. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a possible role for TGF-beta1 after NBUVB irradiation and opposing roles for TGF-beta1 and TGF-beta2 isoforms in NBUVB irradiation.
Apoptosis ; Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique ; Epidermis ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Protein Isoforms ; RNA, Messenger ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta3

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a group of cytokines with anti-inflammatory effects in the TGF family, which participates in the development of stress and depression-related mechanisms, and plays roles in the regulation of inflammatory response in depression and the recovery of various cytokine imbalances. The core symptoms of depression is associated with TGF-β level, and the psychological symptoms of depression are related to TGF-β gene polymorphism. Various antidepressants may up-regulate TGF-β level through the complex interaction between neurotransmitters and inflammatory factors, inhibiting inflammatory response and regulating cytokine imbalance to improve depressive symptoms. Studies have shown that recombinant TGF-β1 protein has beneficial effects in mouse depression models, indicating TGF-β1 might be a potential therapeutic target for depression and nasal sprays having the advantage of being fast acting delivery method. This article reviews the research progress on dynamic changes of TGF-β level before and after depression treatment and the application of TGF-β level as an indicator for the improvement of depressive symptoms. We provide ideas for the development of new antidepressants and for the evaluation of the treatment efficacy in depression.
Animals ; Mice ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Depression ; Cytokines ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use* ; Transforming Growth Factors

BACKGROUND: Although it is well known that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) may induce catagen change of hair follicles and inhibit hair growth, it is still unclear which subtype of TGF-beta and its specified receptor might be expressed in human hair follicles of androgenetic alopecia (AGA) patients. OBJECTIVE: To delineate precise expression of TGF-beta subtype in human hair follicles of androgenetic alopecia patients. METHODS: Immunohistochemical studies were performed on paraffin sections of human hair follicles by applying type 1, 2, and 3 TGF-beta antibodies and type I and II receptor antibodies. We ascertained the expression of TGF-beta subtype in hair follicles of androgenetic alopecia patients. We also compared the expression pattern of each type of TGF-beta receptor. We evaluated the change of TGF-beta expression of hair follicles in the catagen phase. RESULTS: TGF-beta1 was well-expressed in the outer area of the inner root sheath (IRS) or dermal connective sheath area. TGF-beta2 was commonly expressed in the inner 1/2 of the outer root sheath (ORS). TGF-beta3 was expressed in the hair cortex, IRS, and cuticle in normal hair follicles obtained from both the vertex and occipital area. On the contrary, in specimens from AGA, the enhanced expression of type 2 TGF-beta or type II receptor was observed in the vertex area (bald) compared to the occipital area (non bald). When the expression patterns of TGF-beta 1, 2, and 3 were compared between anagen and catagen phases, TGF-beta2 and 3 were positively expressed in the epithelial strands and secondary hair germs in the catagen phase. The immunoreactivities of TGF-beta 1 and 2 were intensified in the ORS areas of the catagen phase. CONCLUSION: The expression of type 1, 2 TGF-beta and type I and II receptors in follicular epithelial cells might be related to catagen induction and development of androgenetic alopecia of human hair in vivo.
Alopecia ; Antibodies ; Epithelial Cells ; Hair Follicle* ; Hair* ; Humans* ; Paraffin ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta2 ; Transforming Growth Factor beta3

TGF-beta pathway is being extensively evaluated as a potential therapeutic target. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway has the dual role in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion. To design cancer therapeutics successfully, it is important to understand TGF-beta related functional contexts. This review discusses the molecular mechanism of the TGF-beta pathway and describes the different ways of tumor suppression and promotion by TGF-beta. In the last part of the review, the data on targeting TGF-beta pathway for cancer treatment is assessed. The TGF-beta inhibitors in pre-clinical studies, and Phase I and II clinical trials are updated.
Breast Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Transforming Growth Factor beta

OBJECTIVE: To verify the pattern of p53 and TGF-beta protein expression in benign and malignant epithelial ovarian tumors. METHODS: An immunohistochemical technique was applied to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 22 benign and 9 malignant epithelial ovarian tumors using p53 monoclonal antibody and TGF-beta polyclonal antibody. Expressions of p53 and TGF-beta protein in two histological types were compared, and correlated with clinico-pathologic findings of the respective cases. RESULTS: p53 immunoreactivity of high or intermediate degree was detected in 2 out of 22 benign (9%) and 5 out of 9 malignant (55%) cases. On the other hand, intermediate to high TGF-beta expression was found in 17 out of 22 benign (77%), and 3 out of 9 malignant (33%) cases. The prevalence differences of p53 and TGF-beta expression between benign and malignant groups were statistically significant (p<0.05). In addition, the prevalence of immunoreactivities of p53 and TGF-beta in malignant tumor didn't show any association with age, tumor size, histologic types and stage. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that p53 expression and loss of TGF-beta expression may play an important role in the malignant transformation of ovarian epithelial cells. However further studies seem to be necessary to know the exact relationship between their roles.
Epithelial Cells ; Hand ; Prevalence ; Transforming Growth Factor beta*

Purpose: Several cytokines play important roles in the inflammatory process of Henoch-Scholein Purpura (HSP). It is likely that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is involved in the pathogenesis of HSP. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether TGF-beta promoter polymorphism is associated with the renal involvement of childhood HSP. Methods: Thirty-four patients younger than 15 years, who had been diagnosed with HSP, as well as 27 controls, were examined. Patients and controls were genotyped for TGF-beta C-509T by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: The T allelic frequencies in patients and controls showed no difference (45% vs. 48.8%). No allele or genotype differences between the group of HSP group and control group were observed. The frequencies of TGF-beta 509 genotypes TT, TC, and CC were no different between patients and controls (26% vs. 22%). The TT genotype of polymorphism of the TGF-beta C-509T gene had no relation to the susceptibility of children to HSP and renal involvement in HSP. Conclusion: TGF-beta T allele may not be related to the susceptibility of children to HSP. The TT genotype of polymorphism of the TGF-beta C 509T gene does not appear to have an influence on renal involvement in childhood HSP.
Alleles ; Child ; Cytokines ; Genotype ; Humans ; Purpura ; Transforming Growth Factor beta