No abstract available.
Transforming Growth Factor alpha* ; Transforming Growth Factors*

The DNA fragment of the human transforming growth factor alpha gene encoding for the mature hTGF-A peptide containing 50 amino acids was amlified from placental total RNA. The nucleotid sequence obtained was continue analyzed by DNA club software. The results: they have transformed a DNA fragment (from nucleotid position 149 to 289) of TGF-A gene from Vietnamese placental total RNA
Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; DNA

Menetrier's disease is a rare protein-losing hypertrophic gastropathy. Histologically, it can be mistaken for other disorders showing hypertrophic gastropathy. The pathogenesis of Menetrier's disease is not fully understood; however, it appears that the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligand, transforming growth factor alpha, contributes to the pathogenesis of this disorder. In this review, we will discuss disease entities that can mimic Menetrier's disease and the role of EGFR signaling in Menetrier's disease.
Gastritis, Hypertrophic* ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha

To investigate whether transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) treatment of human ovarian cancer cells was associated with the induction of c-myc protooncogene, the expression of this gene in NIH:OVCAR-3 cells was examined. TGF alpha induced increase in c-myc mRNA level, with a peak after 1 h of treatment; this stimulation was dose-dependent, with an optimal concentration of 5 ng/ml TGF alpha. Its primary action is probably at the transcription level since the half-life of c-myc mRNA measured in the presence of actinomycin D was not modified by TGF alpha treatment. In addition, TGF alpha stimulation of c-myc mRNA did not require protein synthesis since it was not suppressed by cycloheximide treatment. Antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide to c-myc specifically inhibited the TGF alpha-stimulated c-Myc protein expression and growth of NIH:OVCAR-3 cells. Our results indicate that induction of c-myc expression by TGF alpha plays an important role in the growth of NIH:OVCAR-3 cells.
Cycloheximide ; Dactinomycin ; Half-Life ; Humans* ; Ovarian Neoplasms* ; RNA, Messenger ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Transforming Growth Factors*

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor-(TGF-alpha) is a acidic, heat-stable, 50 amino acid polypeptide which is related to cellular proliferation, malignant transformation, and angiogenesis. There are many similarities between keratoacanthoma(KA) and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). So, it is often difficult to differentiate keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma, clinically and histologically. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine the patterns of TGF-alpha expression on KA and SCC using immunohistochemical staining and to evaluate the usefulness of the immunohistochemical staining with antihuman TGF-alpha antibody on differentiation between KA and SCC. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens that had confirmed to KA(n=12) or SCC(n=10) were performed by immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antihuman TGF-alpha antibody RESULTS: All of KA dmonstrated a diffuse pattern within tumor lobules, but, at the peripheral rim of cells, showed unstained pattern. In contrast to KA, 40% of the SCC had patchy infiltration within tumor lobules, and 60% of the SCC had diffuse pattern which was similar to the pattern found in KA. All of SCC showed well-defined staining at peripheral cells. CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical staining with antihuman TGF-alpha antibody could be used on differentiation between KA and SCC.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Proliferation ; Keratoacanthoma* ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Transforming Growth Factors*

BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor-(TGF-alpha) is a acidic, heat-stable, 50 amino acid polypeptide which is related to cellular proliferation, malignant transformation, and angiogenesis. There are many similarities between keratoacanthoma(KA) and squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). So, it is often difficult to differentiate keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma, clinically and histologically. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to examine the patterns of TGF-alpha expression on KA and SCC using immunohistochemical staining and to evaluate the usefulness of the immunohistochemical staining with antihuman TGF-alpha antibody on differentiation between KA and SCC. METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens that had confirmed to KA(n=12) or SCC(n=10) were performed by immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antihuman TGF-alpha antibody RESULTS: All of KA dmonstrated a diffuse pattern within tumor lobules, but, at the peripheral rim of cells, showed unstained pattern. In contrast to KA, 40% of the SCC had patchy infiltration within tumor lobules, and 60% of the SCC had diffuse pattern which was similar to the pattern found in KA. All of SCC showed well-defined staining at peripheral cells. CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical staining with antihuman TGF-alpha antibody could be used on differentiation between KA and SCC.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cell Proliferation ; Keratoacanthoma* ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Transforming Growth Factors*

PURPOSE: This study was designed to identify the possible mechanism of insensitivity of DU145 prostate cancer cells to the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-mediated growth inhibition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DU145 cells were treated with 4, 40, 100 pM TGF-beta1 for 3, 6, 9 days. Initially we performed the growth assay. After that, we analysed the change of cell cycle using fluorescence flow cytometry. At each time point, Western blot analysis with cell pellets was performed to investigate the change of expressions of epidermal growth factor(EGF), TGF-alpha, EGF receptor(EGFR) and TGF receptorII(TbetaR-II) proteins. RESULTS: The growth rate of TGF-beta1-treated cells was initially suppressed, but over time returned to control level. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that TGF-beta1-treated cells showed an increase in apoptotic/G1 phases, and concurrent decrease in S, G2/M phases until 6days. On day 9, however, TGF-beta1-treated cells showed a persistent increase of apoptotic unclei in spite of recovery of apoptotic/G1, S and G2/M phases. Western blot analysis showed that the intensity of EGF or TGF-alpha band decreased in dose-sependent manner on day 6. However, the intensity of each band increased up to the control level on day 9. the expression of EGFR or TbetaR-II protein did not change after treatment of TGF-beta1. CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that EGF and TGF-alpha sould mediate in part the escape fron the inhibitory effect of TGF-beta1 in DU145 cells.
Blotting, Western ; Cell Cycle ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescence ; Prostate* ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; Transforming Growth Factors ; United Nations

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether TGF-alpha, beta1, beta2 are expressed in pterygial mast cell and the difference between each growth factor exists. METHODS: We prepared 10 pieces each of excised normal conjunctiva, primary pterygium, recurrent pterygium from human eyes and then fixed those in 4% paraformaldehyde solution. The tissues were embedded in paraffin and slide samples taken from those. After that, we observed mast cells stained by immunohistochemistry against each of TGF-alpha,beta1 ,beta2 and compared the staining features between them, and we also confirmed metachromatic staining of the mast cell with toluidine blue. RESULTS: As compared with normal conjunctiva, in primary and recurrent pterygia, those counts of mast cells expressing TGF-alpha, beta1, beta2 were increased respectively with statistical significance and especially, those counts for TGF-beta1 in primary pterygium were 9 times as high as in normal conjunctiva. CONCLUSIONS: Pterygial mast cells are considered to play an important role in fibrovascular proliferation of pterygium by synthesizing and secretion of TGF-alpha, beta1, beta2 . Especially, TGF-beta1 is thought to play a more important role than TGF-alphaandbeta2 in primary pterygium.
Conjunctiva ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mast Cells* ; Paraffin ; Pterygium ; Tolonium Chloride ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha* ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

growth factor(EGF) and transforming growth factor-alpha(TGF-alpha) on the growth of squamous cancer cell lines established from human oral cancer tissue with moderate differentiation were studied in vitro. After culturing in serum-free media for 24 hours, growth factors-EGF only, TGF-alpha only and EGF, TGF-alpha together- were added to the media and numbers of cells were analysed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay and compared with the control at 96, 144 hours. Each of EGF and TGF-alpha showed statistically significant stimulatory effects on the growth of cells respectively. Dose-dependent relationship of the stimulatory effects were not clearly demonstrated. The effects of EGF were higher than those of TGF-alpha and combinative administration showed higher effects than those of single uses. In conclusion, EGF may play an important and major role in differentiation and growth of human oral squamous cancer cells. TGF-alpha, produced from cells activated by EGF, also can stimulate the cell growth and could be an alternative ligand for EGF receptor.]]>
Cell Line ; Culture Media, Serum-Free ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Humans ; Mouth Neoplasms ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha

Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial neoplasm that originates from the meningothelial cells. It occurs mainly in adults, and has a female preponderance. It is classically classified into three main types: meningotheliomatous or syncytial type, fibrous or fibroblastic type, and transitional type. Transforming growth factor alpha(TGF-alpha) was known as a neoplastic transformer found in the neoplastic tissue of the brain rather than in normal tissue in the neoplastic tissue, the expression of the TGF-alpha was more intense in the malignant rather than benign tumor, but the expression of the TGF-alpha on the meningioma was not reported. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) was known as a peptide which is involved in the proliferation of the mesenchymal cells and the other many physiologic processes. Tumor necrosis factor(TNF) has a selective necrotic action of the neoplastic cells without influence on normal tissues. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGR) have a control effect on cellular proliferation and differentiation and the expression of the EGR in breast cancer has a reverse correlation to the expression of the estrogen receptor(ER). The meningioma is the most common host tumor of breast cancer among the intracranial neoplasm, so, presence of some estrogen receptors in the meningioma is suspected. The correlation of the estrogen receptor expression to EGR expression in the meningioma is the concern of this study. Therefore, the authors have observed the meningioma on the basis of the expression of the ER, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, TNF-beta, EGF and EGR according to the immunohistochemical stain and polymerase chain reaction(PCR), and the results obtained were as follows. The expressions of the TGF-alpha, TGF-beta were weakly positive in 4 out of 25 examined cases, and the expressions of the EGF and EGR, were more intensely positive in 2 out of 25 examined cases, especially in the vascular wall and perivascular area. TNF-beta expression was weakly positive to focal area only in one case of the meningotheliomatous type. The ER expression was weakly positive to focal areas. The subtypes of meningioma expressing positivity were meningotheliomatous and transitional type, which wer not related to tumor aggressiveness or poor prognosis. In conclusion, ER,EGF-alpha, TGF-beta, TNF-beta, EGF and EGR were experssed in the meningionma, and it is suspected that these factors may be involved in the tumorigenesis or "host" tumor action rather than in tumor aggressiveness.
Adult ; Brain ; Brain Neoplasms ; Breast Neoplasms ; Carcinogenesis ; Cell Proliferation ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Estrogens ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Lymphotoxin-alpha ; Meningioma* ; Necrosis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Prognosis ; Receptors, Estrogen ; Transforming Growth Factor alpha ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factors