No abstract available.
Transferrin

No abstract available.
Glioma* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Receptors, Transferrin* ; Transferrin*

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical significance of serum protein expression level in patients with megaloblastic anemia(MA).

METHODSA total of 47 patients with MA were enrolled in this study between November 2013 and November 2015, and 50 healthy people in the same period were selected as controls. The levels of total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), ferritin (FER), transferrin (TRF) and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) were compared between 2 groups, and the serum protein expression levels in different types of MA, varous anemia degrees of MA were analyzed.

RESULTSThe leves of TP, Alb and FER in MA patients were significantly lower than those in control group, the levels of TRF and sTfR were statistically significantly higher than those in control group(P<0.05); the levels of TP, Alb and FER in the patients with mild anemia were significantly higher than those in the patients with moderate and severe anemia, the levels of TRF and sTfR were statistically significantly lower(P<0.05), while the levels of TP, Alb and FER in patients with moderate anemia were significantly higher than those in the patients with severe anemia, the levels of TRF and sTfR were significantly lower(P<0.05). Compared with levels before treatment, the levels of TP, Alb and FER significantly increased after treatment, while the TRF and sTfR levels significantly decreased (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSerum levels of TP, Alb, FER, TRF and sTfR can provide a basis for the diagnosis of MA, and contribute to predict the disease to some extent.

Iron metabolism is the process of absorption, transport, storage and conversion and excretion of the essential trace element iron in living organisms. Normal iron metabolism tightly regulates iron content at the systemic and cellular levels through a variety of related proteins to prevent excessive free radicals from being generated during the iron cycle that can damage the body. Various abnormalities in iron metabolism are found in a variety of lymphohaematopoietic tumours and an insidious link between iron metabolism and tumour development has been revealed. Serum ferritin levels and abnormalities of iron transport proteins, transferrin and their receptors can be used as prognostic indicators for lymphohematopoietic tumours and have opened up new directions of diagnosis and treatment, with a large number of novel drugs targeting tumours emerging to date. This article briefly describes the normal iron metabolism process and highlights the progress of research on abnormal iron metabolism in lymphohematopoietic tumors at the systemic and cellular levels.
Hematopoiesis ; Humans ; Iron/metabolism* ; Neoplasms ; Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism* ; Transferrin/metabolism*

PURPOSE: We determined whether the uptake of Ga-67 by cultured cells occur by both transferrin (Tf)-dependent and independent mechanisms and the mechanism and magnitude of its uptake may vary as the degree of expression of the transformed phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Uptake of Ga-67 between the tansformed and untransformed cells was compared. Cells were incubated with Ga-67 in either the presence or absence of Tf and with complete medium containing Ga-67 after preincubating with anti-Tf receptor antibodies at 37oC in 8% CO2. Monolayers of cells were washed and trypsinized. Radioactivity and protein content of the samples were determined. RESULTS: Uptake of Ga-67 by cultured cells occurred both in Tf-bound and ionic form and was increased with radioactivity and time. The magnitude for the uptake of Tf-bound form was approximately 3 and 6-fold greater than ionic form. In the presence of Tf, uptake of Ga-67 was 2-fold greater in the transformed cells. Conversely, In the absence of Tf, it was 1.5-fold greater in the untransformed cells. Regardless of blocking the Tf receptor by anti-Tf receptor antibodies, a significant amount of intracellular Ga-67 uptake was found. CONCLUSION: Dual mechanisms exist for the uptake of Ga-67 by cultured cells. The primary important one was the Tf-dependent system. Tf-dependent and independent mechanisms and the magnitude operated oppositely in the transformed cells when compared to their untransformed counterpart.
Antibodies ; Cells, Cultured* ; Phenotype ; Radioactivity ; Transferrin ; Trypsin

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic efficiency of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) was investigated to detect iron deficiency among old patients with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and anemia of chronic renal failure (CRF). METHODS: Twenty five patients with uncomplicated IDA [mean corpuscular volume (MCV) <80 fL, ferritin <23.8 g/L, group I], 21 patients with atypical anemia [MCV <80 fL, ferritin > or =23.8 g/L, group II, n=5 ; MCV > or =80 fL, ferritin <23.8 g/L, group III, n=16], 85 patients with anemia of chronic renal failure [MCV > or =80 fL, ferritin > or =23.8 g/L, group IV], and 20 normal controls were included in the study. The levels of sTfR, hemoglobin (Hb), MCV, serum ferritin, serum iron (Fe), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), c-reactive protein (CRP) and calculated transferrin saturation (% sat) of each group were compared. The correlations between iron parameters and the sTfR levels were investigated in each group. RESULTS: The mean values of sTfR were significantly higher in group I (5.3+/-3.5 mg/L), group II, (2.6+/-1.1 mg/L) and group III (2.0+/-0.9 mg/L) than in normal controls (1.2+/-0.3 mg/L) and group IV (1.2+/-0.7 mg/L). The proportion of patients with sTfR level higher than the upper normal limit (1.74 mg/L) was 37.4% (100% of group I, 80% of group II, 56% of group III, and 13% of group IV), and that with ferritin level lower than 23.8 g/L was 31.3% (41/131). The proportion of patients with normal sTfR and decreased ferritin was 5.3% (7/131) and that with normal ferritin and increased sTfR was 11.5% (15/131) A good correlation (r>0.800) was observed between Fe and % sat in all patients, microcytic anemic patients, and patients with anemia of CRF; between ferritin and CRP in microcytic anemia patients (r=0.800); and between serum iron and MCV in all patients (r=0.615). A good inverse correlation was observed between ferritin and TIBC (r=-0.649) and between CRP and TIBC (r=-0.614) in microcytic anemic patients only. CONCLUSIONS: Because the sTfR level was significantly higher in microcytic anemic patients and anemic patients with a relatively low ferritin than in anemic patients of CRF and normal controls, especially in more advanced IDA, and because the sTfR detected more IDA patients than ferritin did, thesTfR is the most useful marker expressing functional iron deficiency without being affected by CRP.
Anemia* ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency* ; C-Reactive Protein ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Iron ; Kidney Failure, Chronic* ; Receptors, Transferrin* ; Transferrin

BACKGROUND: Serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) level reflects iron status and the rate of erythropoiesis in bone marrow. Iron deficiency still remains one of the most common nutrient deficiency disorders among infants and young children. The purpose of this study is to investigate age-related changes in sTfR level and determine the prevalence of iron deficiency in healthy infant and young children. And we also defined the correlation between iron parameters and sTfR level. METHODS: A total 151 healthy infants and young children aged 4 to 24 months who had been visited Inha University Hospital for vaccination was investigated for the evidence of iron deficiency. The children were divided into 3 groups according to developmental age, i.e., infants aged 4 to 6 months (n=53), infants aged 7 to 12 months (n=37), and children aged 13 to 24 months (n=61). CBC, iron parameters, and sTfR were tested and analyzed. Serum transferrin receptor was assayed by using IDeATMsTfR IEMA (soluble transferrin receptor immunoenzymometic assay, Orion Diagnostica, Orion Co, Finland) test kits. RESULTS: The prevalence of iron deficiency was 26.0% in infants aged 4-6 months, 22.0% in 7-12 months, and 58.3% in 13-24 months. Among 151 subjects, the mean sTfR value in male children was 5.89+/-1.69mg/L and significantly higher than in female children of 5.11+/-1.92mg/L (P=0.019). The level of sTfR in male infants aged 4-6 months was 5.81mg/L and that of female infants with same age was 4.22mg/L (P=0.001). The sTfR level significantly correlated with MCV (r= -0.56, P<0.001), TIBC (r=0.44, P<0.001), and serum iron level (r=-0.42, P<0.001), however correlation between serum iron level and ferritin was poor (r=0.03, P=0.213). CONCLUSION: Iron deficiency still prevail with high incidence in infants and young children especially children aged 13-24 months. The mean value of sTfR is different according to developmental age. Measurement of sTfR appears to be more correlative to iron status than that of ferritin. On the basis of sTfR value, iron need is greater in male infants than in female infants.
Bone Marrow ; Child ; Erythropoiesis ; Female ; Ferritins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Iron* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Receptors, Transferrin* ; Transferrin* ; Vaccination

BACKGROUND: The incidence of iron deficiency anaemia in infants, which is caused by the increased iron demand for rapid growth during this period, is reported to range from 10 to 40%. This age group also suffers from a number of acute illnesses (urinary tract infection, pneumonia and other viral illness). The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) values and the different methods of calculating the sTfR and serum ferritin (SF) ratio for differentiating anemia of inflammation (AI) from iron deficiency anemia (IDA) or a mixture of these two types of anemia. METHODS: 173 infants among all the infants who visited Gyeongsang National University Hospital from 2000 to 2006 were enrolled in this study. The hemoglobin (Hb), SF and sTfR values were checked and the infants were divided into the Al subgroup (Hb <11g/dL and SF > 50microgram/L), the IDA subgroup (Hb <11g/dL and SF < 12microgram/L), the normal group (Hb > or =11g/dL and SF > or =12microgram/L), and the unclassified anemia (UCA) group (Hb <11g/dL and SF 12~50microgram/L). RESULTS: The mean sTfR and sTfR/Log SF values in the AI group were 3.89 and 10.6microgram/mL, respectively (P<0.01). These values in the IDA group were 1.9 and 36.11, respectively (P<0.01). The mean Log (sTfR/SF) was statistically significant between all the subgroups (1.35 in AI, 3.29 in IDA, 1.76 in Nor and 2.35 in UCA). All the infants in the IDA group had a Log (sTfR/SF) value >2.55 whereas all the infants classified in AI group had a Log (sTfR/SF) value <2.55. CONCLUSION: The Log (sTfR/SF) value is a useful criterion for discriminating between AI and IDA.
Anemia ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Ferritins ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Inflammation ; Iron ; Pneumonia ; Receptors, Transferrin ; Transferrin

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that CDT is a potential biological marker in the Western countries to reflect the degree of past alcohol consumption. This study was performed to compare CDT, AST (aspartate transaminase), ALT (alanine transaminase), and GGT (gamma- glutamyl transferase) as a biological marker reflecting drinking amounts in Korean patients. METHODS: The 25 males with moderate drinking(<14 drinks/week) and 26 males with heavy drinking (>21 drinks/week) were studied for the relationships between their weekly drinking amount and the blood levels of CDT, AST, ALT, and GGT. RESULTS: Only CDT was significantly correlated (P=0.001) with weekly drinking amount among heavy drinkers, while both CDT (P=0.029) and GGT (P=0.000) were significantly correlated in moderate drinkers. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that GGT had R2 of 49.1% in moderate drinkers and CDT had R2 of 38.9% in heavy drinkers for the weekly drinking amount. CONCLUSION: The results described above suggested that CDT can be a potential biological marker for the purpose of quantitative monitoring the drinking behavior of heavy drinkers in Korea.
Alcohol Drinking* ; Biomarkers ; Drinking ; Drinking Behavior ; Humans ; Korea ; Male* ; Transferrin*

Staphylococcus aureus is able to utilize efficiently transferrin-bound iron as an iron source, whereas other staphylococci are not. The reason for this difference remains unclear. We compared the activity of siderophore-mediated iron-uptake systems among S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. saprophyticus. S. aureus was more susceptible to streptonigrin than the other two staphylococci. S. aureus was able to utilize efficiently transferrin-bound iron in proportion to the level of iron-saturation and produced siderophores in an inverse relation to iron-saturation. In contrast to S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus were able to utilize only holotransferrin (HT; about 80% iron- saturated) and produced siderophores only in media containing HT. Moreover, they utilized HT less efficiently than S. aureus, though they produced greater amount of siderophores than S. aureus in media containing HT. The ability of the equivalent siderophores per se to capture iron from HT was not significantly different among the three species. Nevertheless, the siderophores from S. aureus stimulated the growth of the staphylococci to a greater degree than did the siderophores from S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus. The siderophores from S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus also stimulated the growth of S. aureus to a greater degree than those of the original bacteria which produced them. This indicates that S. aureus possesses a greater ability to produce more-efficient siderophores responding to very low iron-availability, as well as a greater ability to utilize iron-siderophore complexes, than the other two staphylococci. This explains in part the higher virulence of S. aureus compared to other staphylococci.
Bacteria ; Iron* ; Siderophores ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Streptonigrin ; Transferrin ; Virulence