OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of nuclear factor kappa B p65 in hyperlipemia model of mice, and the relationship between hyperlipemia and deaf. METHOD: Twenty mice were divided into two group. The hyperlipemia diet group was established in ten mice,and the normal diet group was served as normal control. Six weeks later, immunohistostaining was used to detected the express of NF-kappa B p65 in all mouse cochlear. ABR threshold was obtained from both normal group and hyperlipemia group. RESULT: Immunoreactivity NF-kappa B p65 in mouse cochlea of hyperlipemia was localized in the organ of Corti, tectorial membrane, stria vascularis, spiral ligament, spiral ganglion and nerve fibers. The NF-kappa B p65 expression was markedly increased in mouse cochlea of hyperlipemia ABR threshold was significant difference between hyperlipemia group mice and control group mice (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The expression of NF-kappa B p65 in mouse cochlea can be induced by hyperlipemia. And ABR threshold increased in hyperlipemia group mice. This shows that hyperlipidemia can damage acouesthesia of mice.
Animals ; Cochlea ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hyperlipidemias ; metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on the expression of NF-kappaBp65 of osteoblast-like cell under stretch load with the same amplitude but different daily loading times. The osteoblast-like cells MG-63 were passage cultured and stretched by the four-point-bend loading device; based on the daily loading times, the osteoblast-like cells were randomly divided into four groups. The first was the control, the others were stretched with mechanical tension with the same amplitude of 2,000 mu strain and at the same frequency of 0.5 Hz., but the daily loading times were 1 time/d, 2 times/d, 4 times/d differently for each group, the periods of mechanical tension applied to the cells of the three groups were all 60 min/d and lasted for 2d total. After the cells being streteched, the expression levels of NF-kappaBp65 of the osteoblast-like cells of the three groups and control group were investigated by using the techniques of immunohistochemistry, and were compared with each other. The results showed that the positive expression ratios of the four groups were different significantly; the positive expression ratio of the control was lower than those of the other three groups; the positive expression ratio of the 4 times/d group was higher than those of the other two stretched groups; the positive expression ratio of the 2 times/d group was higher than that of the 1 time/d group. The results suggested that when the osteoblast-like cell was under the stretch load with different daily loading times but the same amplitude, the expression ratio of NF-kappaBp65 in the cell increased with the rising of the stimulating times. It means that the mechanical strain with high daily loading times could promote the transcriptional level of osteoblast-like cell more effectively.
Cell Line ; Humans ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; Osteoblasts ; cytology ; metabolism ; Stress, Mechanical ; Time Factors ; Transcription Factor RelA ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kgr;B) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lung tissue of acute paraquat poisoned rats.

METHODS68 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: the control group (n = 8), the intoxication group (n = 60). On the 1st, the 3rd, the 7th, the 14th and the 28th day after intoxication, the expression of NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in lung tissue were detected by LSAB immunohistochemistry (IH) staining. Meanwhile, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma, and lung homogenate, the content of malondialdehyde (HPY) in lung homogenate were detected.

RESULTSThe levels of MDA in plasma on the 1st, the 3rd, the 7th day and in lung homogenate on the 1st, the 3rd day of the intoxication group [in plasma: (10.15 ± 3.15), (6.97 ± 1.65) and (5.44 ± 0.66) nmol/ml; in lung homogenate: (10.20 ± 2.43), (10.71 ± 171) nmol/ml] were significantly higher than that of the control group [in plasma: (3.84 ± 1.04) nmol/ml, in lung homogenate: (7.66 ± 0.66) nmol/ml]. The content of HPY in lung homogenate on the 14th and the 28th day after intoxication [(19.98 ± 2.86), (26.06 ± 4.06) µg/0.1 g lung homogenate] were higher than that of the control group [(8.80 ± 1.26) µg/0.1 g lung homogenate] significantly. The expression of NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in lung tissue were both significantly increased on the first day and the 3rd day of the intoxication group compared with the control group and weakened obviously after the 7th day.

CONCLUSIONAcute paraquat poisoning can induce increased expression of both NF-κB p65 and TNF-α in lung tissue; the enhanced activity of NF-κB may take part in the process of pulmonary injury in PQ poisoning.

Animals ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism

AIMTo elucidate the location and effects of transcription factor-nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) in lung tissues of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

METHODSFourteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into COPD model and control groups equally. The COPD model was established by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide twice and exposure to cigarette smoke daily. We detected the NF-kappaB p65 protein in lung by immunohistochemical method, and the expression of NF-kappaB p65 mRNA in lung by in situ hybridization.

RESULTSImmunohistochemistry, the expression of NF-kappaB p65 protein in alveolar, bronchiolar epithelium and arteriolar endothelium was significantly higher in the COPD group (0.426 +/- 0.007, 0.434 +/- 0.012 and 0.313 +/- 0.007, respectively) than those of the control group (0.115 +/- 0.006, 0.116 +/- 0.005 and 0.095 +/- 0.007, respectively, all P < 0.01). In situ hybridization showed that the expressions of NF-kappaB p65 mRNA in alveolar epithelium (0.203 +/- 0.008), bronchiolar and arteriolar smooth muscle cell (0.208 + 0. 010 and 0.206 + 0.007) of rats in the COPD group were stronger than those in the control group (0.100 +/- 0.006, 0.102 +/- 0.002 and 0.103 +/- 0.003 respectively) by semiquantitative analysis (all P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe expression and nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB may be the basis event of gene expression of many cytokines and inflammatory mediators, which may positively regulate gene expression of many cytokines and inflammatory mediators in various cell lines.

Animals ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism

Exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) potentially triggers airway inflammation by activating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is a key modulator in inflammation. However, the function and specific mechanisms of SIRT2 in PM2.5-induced airway inflammation are largely understudied. Therefore, this work investigated the mechanisms of SIRT2 in regulating the phosphorylation and acetylation of p65 influenced by PM2.5-induced airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Results revealed that PM2.5 exposure lowered the expression and activity of SIRT2 in bronchial tissues. Subsequently, SIRT2 impairment promoted the phosphorylation and acetylation of p65 and activated the NF-κB signaling pathway. The activation of p65 triggered airway inflammation, increment of mucus secretion by goblet cells, and acceleration of tracheal stenosis. Meanwhile, p65 phosphorylation and acetylation, airway inflammation, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness were deteriorated in SIRT2 knockout mice exposed to PM2.5. Triptolide (a specific p65 inhibitor) reversed p65 activation and ameliorated PM2.5-induced airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Our findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of PM2.5 exposure. Triptolide inhibition of p65 phosphorylation and acetylation could be an effective therapeutic approach in averting PM2.5-induced airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
Animals ; Inflammation ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Particulate Matter/toxicity* ; Signal Transduction ; Sirtuin 2/metabolism* ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism*

To investigate the expression of nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and its significance, the biotin-streptavidin method and microscopy were used to detect NF-kappaB P65 protein in cells from 32 childhood ALL patients and 40 children without hematologic malignancies as control. The results showed that the positive expression rate of NF-kappaB P65 protein in cells from 32 childhood ALL patients was 87.50%, obviously higher than that in control group (12.50%) (chi(2) = 40.56, p < 0.01). In 28 childhood ALL patients with positive expression, the ratio of weakly positive (+) cases to all positive cases was 10.71% (3/28); the ratio of generally positive (++) case was 42.86% (12/28), and the ratio of strongly positive (+++) cases was 46.43% (13/28). While in the control group the of NF-kappaB P65 protein showed low expression with 100% (5/5). There was significant difference in the level of NF-kappaB P65 protein between ALL patients and control group. While the level of NF-kappaB P65 protein had no significent difference in morphology, immunophenotype (T-lineage ALL and B-lineage ALL) and the courses in the de novo and the relaspsed cases. It is concluded that NF-kappaB P65 protein expresses in cells of childhood ALL, the inhibition of NF-kappaB transduction pathway may have significant value in childhood ALL treatment. This study provides experimental basis concerning clinical treatment for ALL, when NF-kappaB is taken as a target.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of TSP-2, the antibody of Toll-like receptor 2 extracellular domain, on the expression and DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 protein in mice with ulcerative colitis (UC).

METHODSSixty BALB/c mice were randomized equally into normal control group, UC model group, TSP-2 treatment group, and rabbit IgG treatment group. In the latter 3 groups, the mice were fed with 5% DSS (C6H7Na3O14S3) solution for 7 days to induced UC, followed then by treatment with daily injections of TSP-2 or rabbit IgG as appropriate for 7 days. The disease activity index was recorded during the treatment. The colitis tissues were collected after the treatments for HE staining and detecting the expression and DNA-binding activity of NF-κB p65 in the colon mucosa by Western blotting and ELISA.

RESULTSThe DNA binding activity and expressions of NF-κB P65 protein increased significantly in UC model group (P<0.05). TSP-2 treatment group significantly decreased the disease activity index (P<0.05) and lowered the DNA-binding activity and expression of NF-κB P65 protein (P<0.05) in the UC mouse models, while rabbit IgG produced no such effects (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONTSP-2 can suppress the DNA-binding activity and protein expressions of NF-κB P65 and regulate excessive immune response in the intestines to ameliorate ulcerative colitis in mice.

Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; immunology ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rabbits ; Thrombospondins ; pharmacology ; Transcription Factor RelA ; genetics ; metabolism

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Ethanol ; toxicity ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism

To explore the relation between human heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) and TLR4 in human monocytes in vitro, human monocytes were stimulated with various concentrations of HSP70, and TNF-alpha production in supernatants was measured by ELISA. Pre-incubated with or without anti-TLR4 mAb, and stimulated with hsp70 (5.0 microg/ml), NF-kappaB p65 of human monocytes in different time points were detected by immunohistochemistry and monocyte surface expression of TLR4 was measured by flow cytometry. After the human monocytes were pre-incubated with various concentrations of anti-TLR4 and stimulated with hsp70 (5.0 microg/ml), TNF-alpha production in supernatants was measured. The results showed that hsp70 enhanced NF-kappaB activation, which was clearly inhibited by anti-TLR4, with the positive cell ratios being 67.44%, 39.17%, 31.56% and 28.05 %, respectively. TLR4 was rapidly down-regulated in the presence of hsp70. MFI of TLR4 on monocytes in different time points were 87.77 +/- 5.38, 78.16 +/- 6.01 and 45.17 +/- 4.97 (P<0.05), 26.98 +/- 5.83 (P<0.01), respectively. Moreover, hsp70-induced TNF-alpha production by human monocytes was inhibited by anti-TLR4. It is suggested that TLR4 is involved in the hsp70-mediated activation of innate immunity.
HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Monocytes ; metabolism ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism