In this prospective study, 56 re-treatment pulmonary tuberculosis patients with smear-positive were examined to investigate possible variations in plasma rifampicin concentration using fixed dose combination drugs. 2-hour and 3-hour plasma rifampicin concentration were measured by HPLC method among 56 smear-positive re-treatment pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Results: Plasma rifampicin concentrations were generally low: 2-hour and 3-hour plasma rifampicin concentration below 8mg/ml (93% and 86% of patients, respectively), 55% and 46% of patients had plasma concentration below 4mg/ml (at 2-hour and 3-hour time point, respectively). Although treatment at the same dose levels, there is high variable between individual patients in plasma rifampicin concentration. Plasma rifampicin concentrations at 3 hours after dosed were higher than at 2 hours in most of patients.
Rifampin ; Tuberculosis ; Pulmonary

Prostate cancer is the second leading cancer affecting men after lung cancer. The incidence increase proportionally with older age: 30% in 50-59 years old group, 40% in 60-70 years old group, 67% in 80-89 years old group, 100% in over 100 years old group. There were about 180.000 cases with prostate cancer in America in 2000 year. The disease is more common in Europe countries than that in Asian countries, and more common in black people than in white people. The ratio of prostate cancer in people with meat and fat diet is higher than that in people with vegetables and soy-bean diet. The most effective treatment is local treatment: prostatectomy or radiotherapy with model technique. Early detection is according to PSA control. It is necessary to test PSA for all over 55 years people
Prostatic Neoplasms ; Diet

Renal transplantation has been done successfully in Europe and USA since the first years of 1950s. As regard to the countries in which renal transplantation is still undeveloped, it is very necessary out the program of experimental renal transplantation. Through experiment, personals are trained, experienced staff is formed, preparing for human renal transplantation. Since 1992, in Cho Ray hospital, we carried out 56 operations in dogs. Autograff method is used. Kidney are washed and preserved by Vina-Collin fluid or cold Ringer's Lactat at 4oC. Thanks to the improvement of technique, the mortality is reduced from 50% in the beginning of the program to 16% at present.
Kidney Transplantation ; Therapies, Investigational

In the Urological Department of Cho Ray hospital 1n 1998, 10 cases with non-palpable testis were operated. The lowest age of patients was 6 years old, the highest age was 27, the average was 14. Eight testes were in iliac fossae, 2 testes were in internal inguinal ring. Authors used technique liberating testicular vessels: elongating spermatic vessel and cord long enough to allow the testis to be placed into scrotum; creating a direct path to scrotum and thus, it is able to descend the testis into the scrotum by single stage orchidopexy, without traction on the vessels and damaging the blood supplying for testis. Six of ten cases were followed-up after operation by Doppler Ultrasonography. All receive good blood supply, no atrophy of testis was seen after operation
Cryptorchidism ; Spermatic Cord ; surgery

Objective: To investigate antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the extract and fractions from Vietnamese red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea. Methods: The seaweed Laurencia dendroidea was extracted by using microwave-assisted extraction method in 80％ methanol. The seaweed extract was then fractionated using different solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water). These obtained fractions were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH, nitric oxide radical scavenging and metal chelating assays. The enzyme inhibition mode was determined using Lineweaver-Burk plot. For acidic and thermal stabilities, the ethyl acetate fraction was treated at pH 2.0 and 100 ℃, respectively. The residual inhibitory activity of the fraction was calculated based on the initial inhibitory activity. For in vivo antidiabetic activity, mice were divided into four groups, including normal control, diabetic control, diabetic mice treated with ethyl acetate fraction and diabetic mice treated with gliclazide. Blood glucose level of treated mice during acute and prolonged treatments was measured. To evaluate the toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction, the body weight changes and activities of liver function enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and gammaglutamyl transferase) were carried out. Results: The extract of Laurencia dendroidea showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Methanolic concentrations affected both α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. A 80％ aqueous methanol was the suitable solvent for extraction of enzyme inhibitors and antioxidants. Among solvent fractions, ethyl acetate fraction had the highest inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase with a mixed type of inhibition and the strongest antioxidant activities, and was stable under acidic and thermal conditions. The ethyl acetate fraction treated diabetic mice significantly reduced blood glucose level compared with the diabetic control group (13.16 mmol/L vs. 22.75 mmol/L after 3 hours of treatment). Oral administration of ethyl acetate fraction did not exhibit toxicity at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight as determined by body weight changes and liver biochemical parameters. Conclusions: Laurencia dendroidea could be a potential source for production of antidiabetic and antioxidative agents.

Objective: To investigate antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of the extract and fractions from Vietnamese red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea. Methods: The seaweed Laurencia dendroidea was extracted by using microwave-assisted extraction method in 80% methanol. The seaweed extract was then fractionated using different solvents (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water). These obtained fractions were evaluated for α -glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Antioxidant activities were tested using DPPH, nitric oxide radical scavenging and metal chelating assays. The enzyme inhibition mode was determined using Lineweaver-Burk plot. For acidic and thermal stabilities, the ethyl acetate fraction was treated at pH 2.0 and 100 °C, respectively. The residual inhibitory activity of the fraction was calculated based on the initial inhibitory activity. For in vivo antidiabetic activity, mice were divided into four groups, including normal control, diabetic control, diabetic mice treated with ethyl acetate fraction and diabetic mice treated with gliclazide. Blood glucose level of treated mice during acute and prolonged treatments was measured. To evaluate the toxicity of the ethyl acetate fraction, the body weight changes and activities of liver function enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transferase) were carried out. Results: The extract of Laurencia dendroidea showed strong α-glucosidase inhibitory and DPPH radical scavenging activities. Methanolic concentrations affected both α-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. A 80% aqueous methanol was the suitable solvent for extraction of enzyme inhibitors and antioxidants. Among solvent fractions, ethyl acetate fraction had the highest inhibitory activities against α -glucosidase with a mixed type of inhibition and the strongest antioxidant activities, and was stable under acidic and thermal conditions. The ethyl acetate fraction treated diabetic mice significantly reduced blood glucose level compared with the diabetic control group (13.16 mmol/L vs. 22.75 mmol/L after 3 hours of treatment). Oral administration of ethyl acetate fraction did not exhibit toxicity at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight as determined by body weight changes and liver biochemical parameters. Conclusions: Laurencia dendroidea could be a potential source for production of antidiabetic and antioxidative agents.

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and subsequent lockdowns impacted the mental health of numerous sociodemographic groups globally. This crisis can produce stress, overwhelm, and powerful emotions in susceptible people, especially older persons. Our study examined the relationship between well-being and fear of COVID-19 among older persons residing in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, during the pandemic. A sociodemographic survey was undertaken. Two scales are used for a month of the COVID-19 outbreak: the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). We surveyed 158 senior citizens in Ho Chi Minh City between February and April 2021. There was no lockdown in Ho Chi Minh before the fourth wave of infection. Despite this, citizens have maintained high compliance with coronavirus prophylaxis. Sociodemographic data were described using descriptive statistics. A one-way MANOVA assessed the financial impact on older individuals' well-being. The Pearson correlation was employed to find the link between happiness and COVID-19 dread. During the COVID-19 pandemic, older persons who received various monthly allowances had statistically significant emotional and psychological well-being differences. There was no association between well-being and COVID-19 dread. The COVID-19 epidemic has disproportionately affected vulnerable groups. Older individuals are a risk population that requires material and mental care.