Infertility is defined as lack of conception after at list 12 months of unprotected intercourse. For investigating and diagnosing infertile couples, semen analysis is necessary. Find out the reason of infertility is an important thing we need to do. In order to investigate harmful effects of some environmental factors, we have carried out this study. 466 semen samples in 420 male partners were analyzed basing on their jobs, we found that high ratio of azoospermia had been found in male partners who used to contact with high temperature. Low ratio of living spermatozoid had been found in male partners who used to contact with chemical substances and in the functionaries
Infertility ; Semen

Nowdays in Vietnam, Fuji-One and Monitor are organophosphorus pesticides widely used in agriculture. In order to investigate chromosomal mutagenic effects of Fuji-One and Monitor, we have carried out this study in mice. 4 group of mice were analyzed: Negative control group: 16 male mice were non-exposed to pesticides. Positive control group: 15 male mice were injected into the peritoneum with cyclophosphamide, which is a kind of mutagen. Fuji-One group: 5 male mice were injected into the peritoneum with Monitor. Analyzing of frequencies of chromosomal aberration in bone marrow cells and testicular cells of mice, we found that: (1) Monitor can cause chromosomal mutagenic effects in the bone marrow cells. (2) Fuji-One can cause chromosomal structural and numerical aberration. (3) The rate of chromosomal aberration in Fuji-One group was lower than those in positive control group but they were higher than those in monitor group
Mutagenesis ; Chromosomal Instability

Nowadays, there is high rate of infertile couples in population. For improving living quality, therefore some one has to take care of these couples. Infertility is defined as lack of conception after at list 12 months of unprotected intercourse. For investigating and diagnosing infertile couples, semen analysis is necessary. 446 semen samples in 420 male partners were analyzed we found that in infertile couples, 56% male partners had semen abnormality low motility 31.9%, oligospermia 16.43%, low viability 25.5%, teratozoospermia 14.05%, azoospermia 10.24%.
Semen ; Men

Infertility is a common health problem. For investigating the reason of infertility in the man, semen analysis plays very important role. Vitality stain is one of semen analysis. It is rare use for diagnosing and evaluating the result of infertility treatment. Our objectives: (1) To submit a fully worked-out of vitality staining technique. (2) To compare the effects of eosin and trypan blue staining for measuring live and death sperms. Methods: 52 semen samples were analyzed, compared the rate of death sperm base on the time after staining by eosin and trypan blue. Results: The average time for staining sperms by eosin: 16 seconds, by trypan blue: 19.67 seconds. The best process are: Mix 1 volume of eosin and 4-5 volume of semen, 1 volume of trypan blue and 2 volume of semen. Conclusions: (1) The more staining time, the more number of death sperm. (2) In vitality staining technique: The volume of semen should must be more than volume of stain chemical.
Spermatozoa, Human

Four Trichoderma strains (CH2, SH16, PQ34, and TN42) were isolated from soil samples collected from Quang Tri and Thua Thien Hue provinces in Vietnam. The strains exhibited high chitinolytic secretion. Strain PQ34 formed the largest zone of chitinase-mediated clearance (> 4 cm in diameter) in agar containing 1% (w/v) colloidal chitin. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of these strains indicated that they were Trichoderma asperellum. The molecular weights of the chitinases were approximately 42 kDa. Chitinase genes (chi42) of T. asperellum strains TN42, CH2, SH16, and PQ34 were 98~99% homologous to the ech42 gene of T. harzianum CB-Pin-01 (accession No. DQ166036). The deduced amino acid sequences of both T. asperellum strains SH16 and TN42 shared 100% similarity.
Agar ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Chitin ; Chitinase ; Colloids ; Molecular Weight ; Soil ; Sprains and Strains ; Trichoderma ; Vietnam

In this report we describe a new approach in HIV sentinel surveillance that was piloted in Viet Nam in 2009 and is currently being rolled out in all provinces. It comprises a brief behavioural questionnaire added to the HIV sentinel surveillance surveys conducted routinely among people who inject drugs, female sex workers and men who have sex with men. Timely reporting of data from this system has resulted in improvements to HIV prevention efforts for most at-risk populations.