We experienced a case of a tracheoesophageal cyst in the posterior mediastinum of a three-year-old girl, who complained of cough and fever. We confirmed this case by computerized tomography and pathologic examination after surgical resection. A brief review of the literature is presented.
Case Report ; Child, Preschool ; Cysts/*pathology/radiography/surgery ; Esophageal Cyst/*pathology/radiography/surgery ; Female ; Human ; Mediastinal Diseases/*pathology/radiography ; Trachea/*pathology/radiography/surgery

We experienced a case of a tracheoesophageal cyst in the posterior mediastinum of a three-year-old girl, who complained of cough and fever. We confirmed this case by computerized tomography and pathologic examination after surgical resection. A brief review of the literature is presented.
Case Report ; Child, Preschool ; Cysts/*pathology/radiography/surgery ; Esophageal Cyst/*pathology/radiography/surgery ; Female ; Human ; Mediastinal Diseases/*pathology/radiography ; Trachea/*pathology/radiography/surgery

Tracheal ultrasonography was performed to measure the width of the tracheal ring shadow and to assess the clinical relevance of these measurements for identifying tracheal collapse. The first tracheal ring width (FTRW) and thoracic inlet tracheal ring width (TITRW) were measured on both expiration and inspiration. The mean of the FTRW width (129 dogs) was greater in expiration (10.97 +/- 1.02 mm, p = 0.001) than that in inspiration (9.86 +/- 1.03 mm). For 51 normal dogs, the mean of the TITRW width was greater in expiration (9.05 +/- 1.52 mm, p = 0.001) than in inspiration (8.02 +/- 1.43 mm). For 78 tracheal collapse dogs, the mean of the TITRW width was greater in expiration (15.89 +/- 1.01 mm, p = 0.001) than in inspiration (14.85 +/- 1.17 mm). The TITRW/FTRW ratio of the normal dogs was higher (p = 0.001) in expiration (0.81 +/- 0.09) than that in inspiration (0.79 +/- 0.10). When compared between the normal and tracheal collapse dogs, the TITRW/FTRW ratio was also increased (p = 0.001) both in expiration (1.54 +/- 0.09) and inspiration (1.47 +/- 0.08), respectively. Based on these results, the cutoff level of the TITRW/FTRW ratio was statistically analyzed according to the receiver operating characteristic curve and it could be set at 1.16 in expiration and at 1.13 in inspiration. We have demonstrated that tracheal ultrasonography is a useful technique for the evaluation of tracheal collapse and it can be a supportive tool together with the radiographic findings for making the correct diagnosis.
Animals ; Dog Diseases/diagnosis/pathology/*ultrasonography ; Dogs ; Female ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic/*veterinary ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Trachea/*pathology/radiography ; Tracheal Stenosis/diagnosis/pathology/veterinary

Esophagus ; pathology ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trachea ; pathology ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; surgery

Adolescent ; Airway Obstruction ; Bronchi ; pathology ; Bronchography ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Foreign Bodies ; Humans ; Inhalation ; Male ; Obesity, Morbid ; complications ; Prader-Willi Syndrome ; complications ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive ; complications ; diagnosis ; Thoracic Injuries ; diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trachea ; pathology

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a common infectious disease worldwide. However, mediastinal tuberculous lymphadenitis complicated by oesophageal involvement and oesophago-respiratory fistula is now uncommon due to improved anti-tuberculous regimes and better general awareness. The overall incidence of acquired oesophago-respiratory fistula due to infection is low, and therefore, the lesion is not often a frontrunner in differential diagnosis. Still, tuberculous oesophago-respiratory fistulae can potentially occur in patients with retroviral disease, as they tend to have atypical and more virulent manifestations. In this study, we report the case of multiple oesophago-respiratory fistulae in a patient with PTB and retroviral disease, and highlight the computed tomography features of these lesions as an atypical presentation of PTB in retroviral disease. Clinicians should suspect oesophago-respiratory fistulae if patients present with Ono’s sign, and remain particularly vigilant for patients with underlying PTB and retroviral disease, as early diagnosis and treatment could help to reduce mortality.
Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Esophagus ; physiopathology ; Fistula ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retroviridae ; metabolism ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trachea ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; complications ; diagnosis

Primary tracheal tumours are rare and less frequently observed than bronchial tumours. Primary neurogenic tumours of the trachea as schwannomas or neurilemmomas are extremely uncommon. We report a tracheal schwannoma in a female patient who presented with breathlessness and wheeze, and she was being treated for asthma. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed a large pedunculated tracheal mass and biopsy confirmed schwannoma. She was treated with laser ablation with partial reduction of the tumour. Subsequently, she was lost to follow-up, although resection of the tumour with tracheal reconstruction was planned.
Adult ; Asthma ; diagnosis ; Biopsy ; Bronchoscopy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diagnostic Errors ; Dyspnea ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neurilemmoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Respiratory Sounds ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Trachea ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery