The authors have recently experienced 2 cases of ocular texoplasmosis which had poor vision. These cases were presumptive diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis by typical ocular lesion and hemmagglutinin test for toxoplasmosis. In addition to clinical observations, a brief review of literature has been described.
Diagnosis ; Toxoplasmosis ; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular*

We report a literature review and a case of ocular toxoplasmosis in a patient with multiple drug allergies, who was successfully treated with regular intravitreal clindamycin and subconjunctival dexamethasone. A Malay lady in her twenties presented to us with right eye blurring of vision of 2 weeks duration, which she described as a central scotoma. Visual acuity at presentation was hand movements. Examination revealed intense ocular inflammation. The right eye had anterior segment inflammation of 3+ cells with fine keratic precipitates, whilst the posterior segment revealed papillitis, vitritis, retinitis, choroiditis, vasculitis and hyperpigmented chorioretinal scar inferotemporal to fovea. Ocular coherence tomography showed intraretinal fluid and retinal thickening. Fluorescein angiography showed early hypofluorescence of the lesion with progressive hyperfluorescence and leakage from the optic disc. Immunoglobulin G serology of Toxoplasma gondii was raised and immunoglobulin M levels were normal. The patient developed an allergic reaction with classical antibiotic and antifolate therapy. She was successfully treated with regular two-weekly intravitreal clindamycin and subconjunctival dexamethasone and her best corrected visual acuity was 6/18 at the end of her treatment. Intravitreal injection of clindamycin and subconjunctival dexamethasone is a good option in patients of ocular toxoplasmosis who are allergic to oral medications.
Toxoplasmosis, Ocular

The authors have recently experienced 3 cases of ocular toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis was based on typical ocular lesions and hemagglutination test for toxoplasmosis. In addition to some clinical observations, a brief review of literature has been described.
Diagnosis ; Hemagglutination Tests ; Toxoplasmosis ; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular*

No abstract available.
Toxoplasmosis*

No abstract available.
Glioblastoma* ; HIV* ; Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral*

Systemic infections that are caused by various types of pathogenic organisms can be spread to the eyes as well as to other solid organs. Bacteria, parasites, and viruses can invade the eyes via the bloodstream. Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of systemic infections, many patients still suffer from endogenous ocular infections; this is particularly due to an increase in the number of immunosuppressed patients such as those with human immunodeficiency virus infection, those who have had organ transplantations, and those being administered systemic chemotherapeutic and immunomodulating agents, which may increase the chance of ocular involvement. In this review, we clinically evaluated posterior segment manifestations in the eye caused by hematogenous penetration of systemic infections. We focused on the conditions that ophthalmologists encounter most often and that require cooperation with other medical specialists. Posterior segment manifestations and clinical characteristics of cytomegalovirus retinitis, endogenous endophthalmitis, toxoplasmosis, toxocariasis, and ocular syphilis are included in this brief review.
Bacteria ; Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ; Diagnosis ; Endophthalmitis ; Eye Infections ; HIV ; Humans ; Inflammation* ; Organ Transplantation ; Parasites ; Specialization ; Syphilis ; Toxocariasis ; Toxoplasmosis ; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular ; Transplants

Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most frequent etiological factor of the known retinochoroiditis in the world. But there are very few cases of confirmed toxoplasmosis in Korea. In this paper we report a 5 year old girl who had suffered from left visual disturbance since Aug, 1978. The HA. titer for toxoplasmosis was 1:2048 and she had a typical focal exudative retinochoroiditis in the macular lesion and one small daughter lesion on superior temporal retinal arteriolar branch. She was treated with oral acetyl spiramycin(600 mg.) for 6 months. After all the active retinochoroidal lesion was changed into scar tissue and the vision has improved slightly from 0.02 to 0.2 during the followup period of one year. And also the HA. titer had decreased to 1:512. The fluorescein angiographic finding could be a helpful method to determine the healed lesion after anti toxoplasmic theraphy.
Child, Preschool ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Fluorescein ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Korea ; Nuclear Family ; Retinaldehyde ; Spiramycin* ; Toxoplasmosis ; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular*

Toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system occurs in 3 to 40 percent of all patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and it is the most common opportunistic infection to cause encephalitis or focal intracerebral lesions. We experienced two cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS patients presenting as high fever, seizure and general weakness.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Central Nervous System ; Encephalitis ; Fever ; Humans ; Opportunistic Infections ; Seizures ; Toxoplasmosis ; Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral*

No abstract available.
Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Human ; Infant ; Male ; Serologic Tests ; Toxoplasma/immunology ; Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/complications ; Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/diagnosis ; Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/pathology*

A 36-year old female with acute myelogenous leukemia presented with a sudden decrease in vision one month following bone marrow transplantation (BMT). She had been taking multiple immunosuppressants to treat her recently-developed graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD). Visual acuity was 20/60 in her right eye and 20/25 in her left. Ophthalmic examination revealed mild inflammatory reaction in both the anterior chamber and the vitreous of both eyes, as well as densely opaque yellow-white infiltrates with well-demarcated borders in the posterior retina of both eyes. She was originally diagnosed as CMV retinitis, but treatment with ganciclovir failed to improve her ocular condition. Subsequent work-up, including serology and brain MRI, led to a diagnosis of combined ocular and cerebral toxoplasmosis. After 6 weeks of antiparasitic therapy, her retinal lesions became inactive and her cerebral lesions improved. Immunosuppressed patients with necrotizing retinochoroiditis should be suspected of having toxoplasmosis. Accurate differentiation between this condition and CMV, and early intervention with the appropriate treatment may be critical to preserve the best vision.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; *Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Chorioretinitis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/parasitology ; Clindamycin/therapeutic use ; Cytomegalovirus Retinitis/*diagnosis ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/*surgery ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Toxoplasmosis, Ocular/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination/therapeutic use